信號機設置的規則天津鐵道職業技術學院鐵路信號基礎設備維護信號機設置的規則PrinciplesofsignalsettingSectionone,Principlesofsignalsetting.Inthispart,weexplainthepositionofthesignalmachine,theselectionofthesignalmachinecolumn,thesignalmachinebuildingboundaryandthesignalmachinesettingoftheACelectrictractionsection.一般設于行車方向線路左側（1）中國鐵路實行左側行車制，機車上司機的座位統一設在左側，為便于瞭望，規定所有信號機應設在行車方向線路的左側。如果兩線路之間距離不足以裝設信號機時，可采用信號托架或信號橋。裝載信號托架和信號橋上的信號機，可設于線路左側，也可設于所屬線路中心線的上方。（2）在特殊情況下，如果線路左側沒有裝設信號機的條件，或因曲線、隧道、橋梁等影響，裝載右側比裝在左側顯示距離較遠，在保證不致使司機誤認的條件下，經鐵路局集團公司批準，也可設在右側。Generallylocatedontheleftsideoftherouteinthedirectionoftraffic(1)TheChineserailwayimplementsaleft-handdrivingsystem,andthedriver’sseatonthetrainisuniformlysetontheleftside.Tofacilitateobservation,itisstipulatedthatallsignalsshouldbesetontheleftsideofthelineinthedirectionoftravel.Ifthedistancebetweenthetwolinesisnotenoughtoinstallasignal,asignalbracketorsignalbridgecanbeused.Thesignalmachineinstalledonthesignalbracketandsignalbridgecanbeinstalledontheleftsideofthelineorabovethecenterlineoftheline.(2)Inspecialcircumstances,suchasthereisnoconditiontoinstallasignalontheleftsideoftheline,orduetotheinfluenceofcurves,tunnels,bridges,etc.,thedisplayontherightsideisfartherthantheleftsideoftheload,undertheconditionthatthedriverwillnotbemisidentified,WiththeapprovaloftheRailwayAdministrationGroupCompany,itcanalsobelocatedontherightside.（3）信號機設置的地點，由電務部門會同運輸、機務及工務等有關部門共同研究確定。（4）在確定信號機地點時，除了滿足信號顯示距離的要求外，還應考慮到該信號機不致被誤認為鄰線的信號機。(3)Thelocationofthesignalneedstobejointlystudiedanddeterminedbytheelectricaldepartmentandtherelevantdepartmentsoftransportation,maintenance,andpublicworks.(4)Whendeterminingthelocationofthesignal,inadditiontomeetingtherequirementsofthesignaldisplaydistance,itshouldalsobeconsideredthatthesignalwillnotbemistakenforaneighboringsignal.Asshownintheabovepicture,picture(a)iseasytobemistakenforthesignaloftheadjacentline,andpicture(b)willnotbemistakenforthesignaloftheneighboringline.信號機柱的選擇SelectionofsignalcolumnThehigh-columnsignalhastheadvantagesoflongdisplaydistanceandclearobservationposition.Therefore,thehigh-columnsignalshouldbeusedasfaraspossibleforthecolorlightsignal.Inparticular,thehigh-columnsignalshouldbeusedforsignalswithlongerdisplaydistancesspecifiedinthe"RailwayTechnicalManagementRegulations".選擇高列信號的具體要求如下:（1）為了提高通過能力，進而提高運輸效率，進站、接車進路、正線出站、通過、預告信號機，應盡量采用高柱信號機，進站、預告、通過信號機采用矮型信號機時必須經有關部門批準才能采用。（2）帶容許信號的通過信號機、四顯示自動閉塞區段的兩方向出站信號機（及帶調車信號）兩方向出站兼發車進路信號機、帶調車信號的接車進路信號機、帶調車信號的兩方向出站信號機兼接車進路信號機、進站復示信號機、遮斷信號機及其預告信號機必須采用高柱信號機。（3）設在牽出線上的、岔線入口處的調車信號機，也應采用高柱信號機。Thespecificrequirementsfortheselectionofhighcolumnsignalsareasfollows:(1)Inordertoimprovethepassingcapacityandthusthetransportationefficiency,thehigh-columnsignalshouldbeusedasfaraspossibleforthesignalforhoming,receivingroute,startingthemainline,passing,andapproachingsignal.Whenusinglow-profilesignalsforhoming,approaching,andpassingsignals,theymustbeapprovedbytherelevantauthoritiesbeforetheycanbeused.(2)Passingsignalwithallowablesignal,two-directionstartingsignalwithfour-displayautomaticblocksection,two-directionstartinganddeparturesignalentrysignal,receivingroutesignalwithshuntingsignal,andshuntingsignalboththestartingsignalandthetrain'sreceivingroutesignal,thehomingrepeatsignal,theinterruptionsignalanditswarningsignalmustbehigh-column.(3)Theshuntingsignalonthepull-outlineandattheentranceofthebranchlineshouldalsoadoptthehigh-columnsignal.高柱信號機的設置，受到建筑限界的影響，另外考慮到不影響到發線的有效長等因素，允許無通過進路的到發線的出站、發車進路信號機、道岔區內的調車信號機，可設矮型信號機出站、調車復示信號機可設矮型信號機。至于各種高柱信號機機柱類型（長度）、埋深及機構安裝尺寸，各種矮型信號機的混凝土基礎、埋深及機構安裝尺寸，見有關規定。Thesettingofthehigh-columnsignalisaffectedbythebuildingboundary.Inaddition,takingintoaccountfactorssuchasnotaffectingtheeffectivelengthofthedepartureline,itallowstheexitofthearrivalanddeparturelinewithoutpassingthroughtheroad,thedepartureentrancesignal,andtheswitchareashuntingsignalmachinecanbesetwithashortsignalmachine.shortsignalmachinecanbesetupforstartingandshuntingrepeatsignals.Asforthecolumntype(length),burieddepth,andinstallationdimensionsofvarioushigh-columnsignals,andtheconcretefoundation,burieddepthandinstallationdimensionsofvariouslow-profilesignals,seerelevantregulations.信號機建筑限界任何信號機不得侵入鐵路建筑限界。《鐵路技術管理規程（普速鐵路部分）》規定：對于正線信號機和通行超限貨物列車的站線信號機，限界所屬軌道中心至信號機突出邊緣的距離為2440mm，站線信號機為2150mm。在曲線線路上，應按有關規定進行加寬。ThesignalmachinebuildingboundaryAnysignalshallnotinvadetherailwayconstructionboundary.The"RailwayTechnicalManagementRegulations"stipulatesthatformainlinesignalsandstationlinesignalsforover-limitcargotrains,thedistancefromthecenterofthetracktowhichthelimitbelongstotheprotrudingedgeofthesignalis2440mm,andthestationlinesignalis2150mm.Onthecurvedline,itshouldbewidenedinaccordancewithrelevantregulations.Anysignalshallnotinvadetherailwayconstructionboundary.Theabovepictureisanexample,theboundaryofthesignalismarked,whichisasafedistance.各種高柱信號機，其機柱、梯子、機構的安裝，均不得侵入建筑限界。（1）在非電力牽引區段，直線線路高柱信號機的建筑限界為，機柱中心至所屬線路中心的距離，限界2440mm時對應為2630mm，限界2150mm時對應為2340mm。（2）矮型信號機機構中心距所屬線路中心，三顯示、四顯示（含帶進路表示器）、五顯示出站或進路信號機，調車信號機為2029mm，帶進路表示器的三顯示出站或進路信號機為2163mm，復示信號機為2095mm。（3）在電力牽引區段直線線路高柱信號機，機柱中心至所屬線路中心距離為2900mm（線間距為5300mm時），高柱出站信號機與鄰近線路中心的距離，限界2440mm時為2630mm，限界2150mm時為2400mm。Theinstallationofallkindsofhigh-pillarsignals,theirpillars,ladders,andmechanismsmustnotinvadethebuildingboundaries.(1)Inthenon-electrictractionsection,thearchitecturallimitofthehigh-columnsignalonastraightlineisthedistancefromthecenterofthecolumntothecenteroftheline.Thelimitof2440mmcorrespondsto2630mm,andthelimitof2150mmcorrespondsto2340mm.(2)Thecenteroftheshort-shapedsignalmechanismisawayfromthecenterofthelinetowhichitbelongs.Thethree-display,four-display,andfive-displayexitorentrysignal,theshuntingsignalis2029mm,andthethree-displayexitorentrysignalwiththeentryindicatoris2163mm,therepeatersignalis2095mm.(3)Intheelectrictractionsectionofthestraightlinehigh-pillarsignal,thedistancefromthecenterofthepillartothecenterofthelineis2900mm.Thedistancebetweenthehigh-pillaroutboundsignalandthecenteroftheadjacentlineis2630mmwhentheboundaryis2440mm,and2400mmwhentheboundaryis2150mm.交流電力牽引區段的信號機設置（1）進站、預告、通過信號機與接觸網支柱同側設置時，信號顯示距離不應受接觸網設備影響如影響顯示時，信號機安裝方式可作適當調整。（2）在站內相鄰兩到發線（只有一條線路通行超限貨物車）的線間，設置高柱出站信號機時，兩線間距離不得小于5300mm。在相鄰兩條線路（均通行超限貨物列車）的線間，設置高柱信號機時，兩線間距離不得小于5530mm。SignalmachinesettingoftheACelectrictractionsection(1)Thesignaldisplaydistanceshouldnotbeaffectedbythecatenaryequipmentwhenhomingsignal,approachingsignal,andpassingsignalonthesamesideasthecatenarypillar.Ifitaffectsthedisplay,theinstallationmethodofthesignalcanbeadjustedappropriately.(2)Whensettingthehighcolumnstartingsignalbetweentwoadjacentlinestothereceiving-departuretrack,thedistancebetweenthetwolinesshallnotbelessthan5300mm.Betweenthelinesoftwoadjacentlines,whensettingupahighcolumnsignal,thedistancebetweenthetwolinesshallnotbelessthan5530mm.（3）高柱信號機安裝限界達不到要求時，在滿足建筑限界的條件下，需采取措施。設在直線部分的高柱色燈信號機，可與接觸網施工單位進行密切配合調整來解決安全距離問題設在曲線部分的高柱色燈信號機，可加裝防護網或機構背板縮小100mm來解決安全距離問題。（4）信號機的金屬體外緣部分（主要是背板）與接觸網帶電部分的距離不得小于2m；與回流線距離在1m以內時，應加絕緣防護，但不得小于0.7m。(3)Whentheinstallation