世紀末世紀初的英國文學ThomasHardy

(1840-1928)JohnGalsworthy

(1867–1933)“TheForsyteSaga”“AModernedy”WinneroftheNobelPrizeinLiterature1932TheninenovelswhichmakeupTheForsyteChronicles-oneofthemostpopularandenduringworksof20thcenturyliterature-chronicletheebbingsocialpowerofthemercialupper-middleclassForsytefamilybetween1886and1920、Galsworthy'smasterlynarrativeexaminesnotonlytheirfortunesbutalsothewiderdevelopmentswithinsociety,particularlythechangingpositionofwomen、TheauthorhasdrawnafascinatingandaccuratelydetailedpictureoftheBritishpropertiedclassTheForsyteChroniclesOftenincorrectlycalledTheForsyteSaga-theninenovelsequenceproperlyknownasTheForstyeChroniclescontainsthreetrilogiesThefirsttrilogyisTheForsyteSaga(TheManofProperty-InChancery-ToLet)、

Thesecondtrilogy-AModernedy(TheWhiteMonkey-TheSilverSpoon-SwanSong)Thethirdandconcludingtrilogy-EndoftheChapter(MaidinWaiting-FloweringWilderness-One

MoreRiver)、Thethreetrilogies

JosephConrad

1857–1924Polish-bornBritishnovelistnotedasamasterofatmosphereandnarrativetechnique、HisworksincludeLordJim(1900),HeartofDarkness(1902)Nostromo(1904)、GeorgeBernardShaw:

(1856-1950)

“UnpleasantPlays”“PleasantPlays”followerofIbsenism,andfamousfor“ProblemPlays”“UnpleasantPlays”---“Widower’sHouses”(1893)---“Mrs、Warren’sProfession”(1898)“PleasantPlays”---“ArmsandtheMan”(1894)---“HeartbreakHouse”(1920)---“MajorBarbara”(1905)---“JohnBull’sOtherIsland”(1904)---“ManandSuperman”(1903)---“Pygmalion”(1913)---“BacktoMethuselah”(1921)---“St、Joan”(1929)---“TheAppleCart”(1929)AsaTermModernisminEnglishPoetry

T、S、Eliot

ModernisminEnglishFiction

1、HenryJames2、Conrad3、D、H、Lawrence4、JamesJoyce5、VirginiaWoolf

ModernismModernismThetermModernismusuallyreferstotheearlypartofthe20thcentury—sometimesbeginningwiththe1stWorldWarin1914,andcontinuingthroughthe1930sorso—perhapsuptothe2ndWorldWar、Modernismisdefinedbyitsrejectionoftheliteraryconventionsofthenineteenthcenturyandbyitsoppositiontoconventionalmorality,taste,traditions,andeconomicvalues、TheMostInfluentialModernistsSomeofthemostinfluentialmodernistwriterstriedsomeradicalexperimentswithform:PoetslikePoundandEliotworkinginfreeverseNovelistslikeJoyce,Woolf,experimentingwithstreamofconsciousnessandelaboratelanguagegames、

ThreePhilosophicalBackgroundsAsopposedtohistoriccauses:WWITheDepressionAmerica/EuropefeelinglostKarlMarx馬克思SigmundFreud弗洛伊德FriedrichWilhelm

Nietzsche尼采KarlMarx-Economicdeterminism(經濟決定論認為一切社會、政治、文化與智力活動均為社會經濟組織得產物)-HumanbehaviorcontrolledbyforcesOUTSIDEself

-Classstruggle,workersuniteforutopianchangeSigmundFreud-Psychoanalysis

-Psychologicaldeterminism

-ManbehaviorfromforcesINSIDEtheself

-Interiorforces,man'staboosandrulesgovernselfandworld

-Self-analysisFriedrichWilhelmNietzsche-GodisDead

-Economicandpsychologicaldeterminism

-Nodivinepatterns,searchformeaning

-Tryingtoput"world"backintosomekindofform,structure

-Spiritualruinsafterthewar,whatisthemeaningoflifeSocialPictureofthePeriod-Riseofcities

-Dehumanization(非人性化),anonymity(匿名,不知姓名)ofpeople

-Classstructurechanging

-Advancingtechnology

-Politics:revolutions,wars-Physics:quantumphysics(量子物理學),Einstein,uncertaintyprinciple

-Religion:Godisdead,everythingismeaninglessCharacteristics1、Alienationfromsocietyandloneliness2、Procrastination(拖延,延宕)

/Aninabilitytoact3、Agonizedrecollectionofthepast-constantflashbacksintothepast

4、Fearofdeathandtheappearanceofdeath5、Inabilitytofeelorexpresslove6、Worldasawasteland:Poorenvironmentalportrayal7、MancreatinghisownmythswithinhismindtofallbackuponCharacteristicsImagisminPoetryImagismwasanAnglo-Americanpoeticmovementflouringinthe1910s、Theprinciplesare:

touselanguageofmonspeechtoemployalwaystheexactwordtocreatenewrhythmstopresentanimagetoproducepoetrythatishardandclear

Wordsorphrasesoranyexpressionsthatcreatepicturesinthereader’smindareimages、Imagescanappealtosenses:seeing,hearing,touch,taste,smellandmovement、Image(意象)W、B、Yeats1923NobelPrizewinningIrishdramatist,authorandpoet

T、S、Eliot“TheWasteLand”“TheFourQuarters”WhentheeveningisspreadoutagainsttheskyLikeapatientetherizeduponatable;IhavemeasuredoutmylifewithcoffeespoonsTospitoutallthebutt-endsofmydaysandways?Notes:1、Etherize:以醚麻醉2、butt-end:煙頭StreetsthatfollowlikeatediousargumentOfinsidiousintentToleadyoutoanoverwhelmingquestion、Igrowold…Igrowold…IshallwearThebottomsofmytrousersrolled、Insidious:狡猾得,危險得Artforart’ssakeAsloganmeaningthatthebeautyofthefineartsisreasonenoughforpursuingthem—thatartdoesnothavetoservepurposestakenfrompolitics,religion,economics,andsoon、

SamuelTaylorColeridge,EdgarAllanPoe,andOscarWildearguedforthedoctrineofartforart'ssake、OscarWilde,anaesthete

(1854-1900)

IrishpoetanddramatistwhosereputationrestsonhisicmasterpiecesLadyWindermere'sFan(1892)andTheImportanceofBeingEarnest(1895)、AmongWilde'sotherbest-knownworksarehisonlynovelThePictureofDorianGray(1891)andhisfairytalesespecially"TheHappyPrince、"

ListofHisWorksFictionThePictureofDorianGray

PlaysAnIdealHusband

TheImportanceofBeingEarnest

ShortStoriesTheDevotedFriend

TheHappyPrince

TheNightingaleandtheRose

TheRemarkableRocket

TheSelfishGiantEssaysTheCriticAsArtist

DeProfundis

TheDecayOfLying:AnObservation

Pen,Pencil,AndPoison-AStudyInGreen

TheSoulOfManUnderSocialism

TheTruthOfMasks-aNoteOnIllusion

PoetryApologia

MadonnaMia

OnTheMassacreOfTheChristiansInBulgaria

TheGraveOfShelleyQuotationsAlittlesincerityisadangerousthing,andagreatdealofitisabsolutelyfatal、Amancanbehappywithanywomanaslongashedoesnotloveher、Illusionisthefirstofallpleasures、Morality,likeart,meansdrawingalinesomeplace、Manisleasthimselfwhenhetalksinhisownperson、Givehimamask,andhewilltellyouthetruth、Theaimoflifeisself-development、Torealizeone'snatureperfectly-thatiswhateachofusisherefor、ThePsychologicalNovelWhilemodernistpoetryaroseasabreakwith19th–centuryRomanticism,modernistfictionrepresentedatrenddriftingawayfromthetraditionof19th-centuryrealism、Modernistfictionputemphasisonthedescriptionofthecharacters’psychologicalactivities,andsohassometimesbeencalledmodernpsychologicalfiction、HenryJames

(1843-1916)

American-bornwriter,giftedwithtalentsinliterature,psychology,andphilosophy、Jameswrote20novels,112stories,12playsandanumberofliterarycriticism、

Fiction

ThePortraitofaLady

ShortStoriesDaisyMiller

D、H、Lawrence

(1885-1930)TheWhitePeacock(1911)SonsandLovers(1913)TheRainbow(1915)WomeninLove(1921)ThePlumedSerpent(1926)LadyChatterley’sLover(1928)The“StreamofConsciousness”SchoolofNovelThe“StreamofConsciousness”isapsychologicaltermindicating“theflux(aflow;continuou