高鐵道岔啟動電路故障處理天津鐵道職業技術學院鐵路信號基礎設備維護

高速鐵路道岔轉轍設備機械、電氣故障（一）啟動電路故障分析判斷三相交流電動轉轍機動作電路由三級控制電路構成，因此故障處理按三級控制電路分別查找。其中：第一級控制電路故障是1DQJ不能正常勵磁，現象是扳動道岔時，道岔表示燈照常點亮，不滅燈。第二級控制電路故障是2DQJ不能正常勵磁轉極，現象是人工操縱道岔時，控制臺的道岔表示燈滅燈，待停止操縱，該表示燈又點亮。第三級控制電路故障是表示燈滅，道岔仍不能啟動，這時看BHJ是否吸起，1DQJ是否自閉。如BHJ根本未吸起，應檢查組合側面380V三相交流動作電源是否正常，也有可能DBQ不良。如在分線盤處測到三相電源正常，說明室內電路正常，故障點應該在室外。如BHJ吸起后又落下，說明室外三相負載電路良好，重點應觀察BHJ與1DQJ落下的先后順序。若BHJ在1DQJ落下后再落下，則說明1DQJ自閉電路未構成。查找1DQJ自閉電路。如室內電路動作正常，在電路動作過程中通過繼電器狀態或集中監測電流曲線判斷道岔動作過程中是否有機械卡阻現象。MechanicalandElectricalFaultsofHigh-speedRailwaySwitchEquipment1.StartingcircuitfaultanalysisThethree-phaseACswitchmachineactioncircuitconsistsofthreelevelsofcontrolcircuits,sothefaulthandlingisconductedseparatelyaccordingtothethreelevelsofcontrolcircuits,amongwhich:Thefirstlevelcontrolcircuitfaultisthat1DQJcannotbeexcitednormally,andthephenomenonisthatwhentheturnoutistriggered,theturnoutindicatesthatthelightislightingasusualanddoesnotgoout.Thefaultofthesecondlevelcontrolcircuitisthat2DQJcannotnormallyexcitethepoleandturnthepole.Thephenomenonisthatwhentheswitchismanuallyoperated,theswitchindicatorlightontheconsoleturnsoff.Whentheoperationisstopped,theindicatorlightturnsonagain.MechanicalandElectricalFaultsofHigh-speedRailwaySwitchEquipmentThefaultofthethirdlevelcontrolcircuitmeansthatthelightisoffandtheturnoutstillcannotbestarted.Atthistime,checkwhetherBHJissuckedupandwhether1DQJisselfclosing.IftheBHJisnotsuckedupatall,checkwhetherthe380Vthree-phaseACactionpowersupplyonthecombinationsideisnormal,orwhethertheDBQispoor.Ifthethree-phasepowersupplyisnormalatthedistributionpanel,itindicatesthattheindoorcircuitisnormal,andthefaultpointshouldbeoutdoors.IftheBHJisliftedandthendropped,itindicatesthattheoutdoorthree-phaseloadcircuitisgood,andthesequenceofBHJand1DQJdroppingshouldbeobserved.IftheBHJfallsafterthe1DQJfalls,the1DQJselfclosingcircuitisnotformed.Find1DQJselfclosingcircuit.Iftheindoorcircuitactsnormally,judgewhetherthereismechanicaljammingintheprocessofturnoutactionbyrelaystatusorcentralizedmonitoringcurrentcurveduringcircuitaction.

高速鐵路道岔轉轍設備機械、電氣故障（一）啟動電路故障分析判斷三相交流電動轉轍機動作電路由三級控制電路構成，因此故障處理按三級控制電路分別查找。其中：第一級控制電路故障是1DQJ不能正常勵磁，現象是扳動道岔時，道岔表示燈照常點亮，不滅燈。第二級控制電路故障是2DQJ不能正常勵磁轉極，現象是人工操縱道岔時，控制臺的道岔表示燈滅燈，待停止操縱，該表示燈又點亮。第三級控制電路故障是表示燈滅，道岔仍不能啟動，這時看BHJ是否吸起，1DQJ是否自閉。如BHJ根本未吸起，應檢查組合側面380V三相交流動作電源是否正常，也有可能DBQ不良。如在分線盤處測到三相電源正常，說明室內電路正常，故障點應該在室外。如BHJ吸起后又落下，說明室外三相負載電路良好，重點應觀察BHJ與1DQJ落下的先后順序。若BHJ在1DQJ落下后再落下，則說明1DQJ自閉電路未構成。查找1DQJ自閉電路。如室內電路動作正常，在電路動作過程中通過繼電器狀態或集中監測電流曲線判斷道岔動作過程中是否有機械卡阻現象。MechanicalandElectricalFaultsofHigh-speedRailwaySwitchEquipment1.StartingcircuitfaultanalysisThethree-phaseACswitchmachineactioncircuitconsistsofthreelevelsofcontrolcircuits,sothefaulthandlingisconductedseparatelyaccordingtothethreelevelsofcontrolcircuits,amongwhich:Thefirstlevelcontrolcircuitfaultisthat1DQJcannotbeexcitednormally,andthephenomenonisthatwhentheturnoutistriggered,theturnoutindicatesthatthelightislightingasusualanddoesnotgoout.Thefaultofthesecondlevelcontrolcircuitisthat2DQJcannotnormallyexcitethepoleandturnthepole.Thephenomenonisthatwhentheswitchismanuallyoperated,theswitchindicatorlightontheconsoleturnsoff.Whentheoperationisstopped,theindicatorlightturnsonagain.MechanicalandElectricalFaultsofHigh-speedRailwaySwitchEquipmentThefaultofthethirdlevelcontrolcircuitmeansthatthelightisoffandtheturnoutstillcannotbestarted.Atthistime,checkwhetherBHJissuckedupandwhether1DQJisselfclosing.IftheBHJisnotsuckedupatall,checkwhetherthe380Vthree-phaseACactionpowersupplyonthecombinationsideisnormal,orwhethertheDBQispoor.Ifthethree-phasepowersupplyisnormalatthedistributionpanel,itindicatesthattheindoorcircuitisnormal,andthefaultpointshouldbeoutdoors.IftheBHJisliftedandthendropped,itindicatesthattheoutdoorthree-phaseloadcircuitisgood,andthesequenceofBHJand1DQJdroppingshouldbeobserved.IftheBHJfallsafterthe1DQJfalls,the1DQJselfclosingcircuitisnotformed.Find1DQJselfclosingcircuit.Iftheindoorcircuitactsnormally,judgewhetherthereismechanicaljammingintheprocessofturnoutactionbyrelaystatusorcentralizedmonitoringcurrentcurveduringcircuitaction.高速鐵路道岔轉轍設備機械、電氣故障（二）典型故障案例1.故障現象：單獨操縱道岔，控制臺定位表示燈不滅處理方法：如控制臺表示燈不滅，則故障在室內，說明尖軌及心軌組合內的1DQJ未吸起，這時應進行進路式操縱道岔，看動作是否正常。如進路式操縱時動作正常，說明道岔單獨操縱部分有故障，進一步檢查道岔總反位和道岔按鈕繼電器是否動作正常，確定故障點。如進路操縱也不能動作，則應檢查鎖閉繼電器是否在吸起狀態，道岔常閉按鈕接點接觸是否良好，公共配線部分（CAJ11或CAJ21接點）是否良好。2.故障現象：單獨操縱道岔，尖軌或心軌有一個不動作（組合架觀察）。處理方法：如尖軌或心軌有一個不動作，則室內控制電路應排除公共部分故障的可能性，以尖軌不動作為例進行分析。（1）1DQJ、1DQJF是否吸起，2DQJ是否轉極，如控制電路部分繼電器動作不正常，應按動作邏輯關系式AJ↑+ZFJ↑(或FCJ↑)→1DQJ↑→1DQJF↑→2DQJ轉極落下，進行查找。（2）當確定室內道岔控制電路動作正常后，應進一步觀察BHJ是吸起后落下，還是根本未吸起過。MechanicalandElectricalFaultsofHigh-speedRailwaySwitchEquipment2.TypicalFaultCases1.Faultdescription:operateturnoutindividually,consolepositioningindicatorlightdoesnotgooutProcessingmethod:Iftheconsoleindicatesthatthelightisnotoff,thefaultisintheroom,indicatingthatthe1DQJinthecombinationofpointedrailandfrograilisnotenergized,andthentheturnoutshouldbemanipulatedinthewaytoseeiftheactionisnormal.Iftheactionisnormalduringroutetypeoperation,itindicatesthatthereisafaultintheseparateoperationpartoftheturnout.Furthercheckwhetherthetotalreversepositionoftheturnoutandtheturnoutbuttonrelayoperatenormally,anddeterminethefaultpoint.Ifthein-routemanipulationalsocannotwork,checkwhetherthelockingrelayisinthesuctionstate,whetherthecontactoftheturnoutnormally-closed-buttonisingoodcondition,whetherthepublicwiringpart(CAJ11orCAJ21contact)isingoodcondition.MechanicalandElectricalFaultsofHigh-speedRailwaySwitchEquipment2.Faultdescription:separatemanipulationoftheturnout,thetonguerailorfrograilhasanon-action(combinedframeobservation).Treatmentmethod:Ifoneswitchrailorcenterrailfailstooperate,eliminatethepossibilityofcommonpartfailureintheindoorcontrolcircuit.Taketonguerailfailureasanexampleforanalysis.(1)Whether1DQJand1DQJFarepulledup,andwhether2DQJturnstopole.Ifsomerelaysinthecontrolcircuitactabnormally,searchaccordingtotheactionlogicrelationshipAJ↑+ZFJ↑(orFCJ↑)→1DQJ↑→1DQJF↑→2DQJturnstopoleanddrops.(2)Whentheindoorturnoutcontrolcircuitisdeterminedtobenormal,BHJshouldbefurtherobservedtoseeifitfallsdownafterbeingenergizedornotbeingenergizedatall.高速鐵路道岔轉轍設備機械、電氣故障（3）如BHJ根本未吸起過，應檢查組合側面的380V三相交流動作電源是否正常，每相的熔絲是否良好，發現不良時立即更換處理；如電源部分正常，但到分線盤測試電壓缺相（X1、X3、X4線），則可能為DBQ到1DQJ及1DQJF的相應接點間斷線，也可能為DBQ的部分斷線。如上述部分均良好，則可能為2DQJ(121-123)接點接觸不良或前后配線斷線（包括到分線盤的X3線），也可能為2DQJ的113接點到DBJ線圈端子1斷線。其他動作部分的配線及接點與定位表示電路共用，一般不會有問題。（4）如分線盤測試三相電源正常，已向外送出，則應到室外重點測量檢查X3線電纜、轉轍機內的13-14接點和遮斷開關等，接觸是否良好，是否有線頭松動。（5）如BHJ先吸起，然后又落下，說明三相負載部分良好，重點應觀察BHJ與1DQJ落下的先后順序：若BHJ先落下，可能是DBQ性能不良，可更換DBQ；若BHJ在1DQJ落下后再落下，則說明可能是1DQJ緩放時間不夠長（BHJ前接點必須可靠閉合，才能構通1DQJ的自閉電路），也可能是1DQJ自閉電路不能構通等。另外，室外動作電路通道（接點、開關K)接觸不良或配線松動，都能夠造成BHJ先落下。MechanicalandElectricalFaultsofHigh-speedRailwaySwitchEquipment(3)IftheBHJhasnotbeensuckedupatall,checkwhetherthe380Vthree-phaseACactionpowersupplyonthecombinationsideisnormal,andwhetherthefuseofeachphaseisingoodcondition.Ifitisfoundtobedefective,replaceitimmediately;Ifthepowersupplyisnormal,butthetestvoltagetothedistributionpanelisoutofphase(X1,X3,X4lines),itmaybethatthecorrespondingcontactsbetweenDBQand1DQJand1DQJFarebroken,oritmaybethattheDBQispartiallybroken.Iftheabovepartsareallingoodcondition,itmaybethatthecontactof2DQJ(121-123)isinpoorcontactorthefrontandrearwiringisbroken(includingtheX3wiretothejunctionpanel),ortheconnectionbetweenthe113contactof2DQJandtheDBJcoilterminal1isbroken.Thewiringandcontactsofotheractionpartsaresharedwiththepositioningindicationcircuit,andgenerallythereisnoproblem.MechanicalandElectrica