03押浙江杭州卷23-30題閱讀理解C、D篇說明文是通過解說事物、闡明事理，使人們增長知識和技能。說明文是高考英語閱讀理解題中的重點內容之一。說明文具有與自己特點相適應的說明方法，因此說明文結構復雜，專業術語多，易于拉開考生分數檔次，便于高校分層次選拔人才。然而對于考生來說說明文抽象度高，解題難度大。高考對說明文的考查多為科普知識，動植物特性、自然現象和新產品、新工藝介紹以及人文地理、風土人情等方面的說明文，文中解釋性、定義性、說明性的句子居多。因此考生要掌握說明文的命題特點，敘述方式，以冷靜的心態閱讀原文，重點突破長句結構特點和邏輯關系，以便對其做出準確的語意理解。說明文主旨大意題：歸納大意型和主旨提煉性說明文多是說明某種物體或者現象背后的原因和做法，把握what,why,how等有助于總結篇章主旨。說明文的段落含義較為清晰，分析段落結構把握段落主旨有助于把控全文主旨。說明文的寫作意圖是：猜詞詞義的解題技巧是：1.拆句知義，在本句中尋找線索，利用好近義詞和反義詞。2.望文生義，根據上下文利用好定義釋義舉例等。細節理解題：細節題推斷題:根據文章中個某一個或幾個細節進行較為簡單的推斷。解題技巧:根據關鍵詞定位原文的內容，然后分析體悟字里行間的意思。（2022·浙江杭州·統考中考真題）Cananyonebeanastronaut?Ofcoursenot.Youdon’thavetohaveasciencedegreebutmostastronautsdo.Mostofthemarepilotstoo.Lifeinaspaceshipishardsoyoumusthaveahealthybodyandmind.Youneedtobeeasy-going,patient,andhelpfultospendsomuchtimeinasmallspacewithotherpeople.What’sthetraininglike?Peoplehavetotrainforayeartolearnhowtostayhealthyandsafe.Theypractisespacewalkingandlivinginzerogravity(重力).Theytrainindifficultconditionstolearnhowtosolveproblemsandtoworkinateam.Everydaytaskslikeeating,washingandsleepingcanbedifficultonaspaceship.Thereisnorunningwatersoyouhavetowashwithwettissues:it’shardtoenjoythedryfoodthatastronautshavetoeat.Andtosleepyoumustcoveryoureyesbecausethesunrisesevery90minutesontheInternationalSpaceStation.Youalsohavetotieyourselftosomethingsoyoudon’tflyaway!Whathealthproblemsdoastronautshave?Lifeinzerogravitycauseschangestoourbodies.Bonesandmuscles(肌肉)becomethinandweaksoyoumustdoalotofexerciseinspacetostayfitandtohelptheheartmovebloodaroundyourbody.Astronautsoftengetbackachebecauseyougrowinspace—upto8centimeters!It’salsocommontohaveheadachesandtofeelsick,especiallyatthebeginning.Youmusthavevitaminstotaketheplaceoffreshfruitandvegetables.Butyoudon’thavetoputonsuncreambecausespacesuitscanprotectyourskin(皮膚).Areyoustillinterested?Sonowyouknow.Ifyouwanttogotospace,studyhard,learntoflyandtakecareofyourbodyandmind.1．Whatisamustforanastronaut?A．Asciencedegree. B．Apilot’slicense.C．Ahealthybodyandmind. D．Aweakcharacter.2．Whatmustyoudotoprepareforaspacetrip?A．Experiencezerogravity. B．Washwithrunningwater.C．Practiselongwalks. D．Sleepwithyoureyesopen.3．Whydoastronautshavetoexerciseinspace?A．Tomaketheirbonesandmusclesthinner.B．Tohelptheheartworkwellandkeepfit.C．Toavoidbackacheandgrowmuchtaller.D．Tostoptheirskinsfromgettingsunburned.4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Whatweneedtoknowtobecomeanastronaut.B．Whyyoungpeopleareinterestedinspacetrips?C．Whatproblemsastronautsmustsolveinspace.D．Whyweneedtotrainhardbeforeaspacetrip.（2022·浙江杭州·統考中考真題）Therearemanydifferentwaystosolveaproblem.Onewayistobecreative.Peopleoftenthinkcreativethinkingisjustforartistsanddesigners,butthisisnottrue.Dr.EdwarddeBono,anexpertincreativethinkingandproblemsolving,hasshowntheworldthatusingcreativitytosolveproblemsisveryusefulinbusinessandinourcommunities,andwillcontinuetobesointhefuture.Oneexampleofcreativethinkingisthesolutiontoaparkingprobleminatowncenter.Intheareasclosetostores,peoplecanonlyparkfor20minutes.Thereareparkingmeterswherepeoplepaytoparkintheseareas.However,theproblemisthatmanypeopleleavetheircarsthereforlongerthan20minutes.Dr.EdwarddeBono’ssolutionistomakearulethatallcarsparkedintheseareasmustkeeptheirheadlightson.Ofcourse,driverswillwanttoreturntotheircarsbeforetheircarbatteries(蓄電池)die.AccordingtoDr.deBono,peoplewillneedtousecreativethinkingmoreofteninthefuture.Tohelppeoplethinkmorecreatively,hedesignedthe“SixThinkingHats”system(系統).Thesystemhelpspeoplethinkaboutaproblemindifferentwaysinordertofindasolution.Inthesystem,therearesiximaginaryhatsofdifferentcolors.Eachhatsymbolizesadifferentwayofthinking.Forexample,thewhitehathelpspeopleconsiderthefacts.Theblackhatisthemostlogical(有邏輯的)andhelpspeopleconsiderwhyapossiblesolutionmaynotwork.So,nexttimeyouhaveaprobleminyourcommunity,thinkaboutitcreatively,fromdifferentperspectives,andseewhatideasyouhave.5．Whatisthetopicofthetext?A．Beingacreativeartistinthecommunity. B．Doingbusinesssuccessfullyinthefuture.C．Askingexpertsforsomeusefuladvice. D．Usingcreativethinkingtosolveproblems.6．WhyistheexamplementionedinParagrah2?A．Toexpressaresult. B．Todescribeaproblem.C．Tosupportthetopic. D．Tolistsomenumbers.7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“perspectives”inParagraph3mean?A．Ways B．Places. C．People. D．Rules.8．Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthe“SixThinkingHats”system?A．Thesystemisusedtohelppeoplethinkquickly.B．Thewhitehathelpspeoplethinkaboutthefacts.C．Theblackhathastodowithpeople’sfeelings.D．Sixhatsofdifferentshapescanbeveryhelpful.（2021·浙江杭州·統考中考真題）FlamencoisverypopularinsouthernSpain.Itbeginswithguitarmusicandclapping（擊掌）andthendancersjointheperformance.Sometimesawomandancesaloneandsometimesshedanceswithaman.Thewomanalwayswearsalong,colorfuldress.Shemovesherarmsandhandsslowlybutherfeetmoveinfastdifficultsteps.Themanoftenwearsblack.Bothdancersclicktheirshoesonthefloorwhentheydancearoundeachother.CossackdancesarefromRussiaandUkraine.Theyareveryenergetic—somearemorelikegymnasticsthandancing!Dancershavetobeveryfitbecausetheyjumpveryhighandkicktheirlegsupanddown.Theyoftenjumpoverswords（劍）.ThemovementsaresimilartotraditionalCossackactivities,forexample,swordfightingandgettingonandoffhorses.LimbodancingisfirstfromWestAfricabuttodayitisanimportantpartofcelebrationsintheCaribbean.Youngpeoplehavetodanceunderapole（桿）.Thepoleisoftenonfireandthedancermustn’ttouchit!Afterasuccessful“limbo”,theyputthepoleloweranddoitagain.Somedancerscandanceunderapolejusttwentycentimetersofftheground!Mask（面具）dancesareimportantfortheDogonpeopleinMali.Eachvillagemakesdifferentmasks.Theyareoftenhugeandcolorful.Therearemasksofpeople,monstersorlocalanimalslikecrocodilesandmonkeys.Maskdancersarealwaysmenandtheydancetothesoundofdrumsforhoursafterthedeathofapersoninthevillage.Today,Dogonvillagersalsoperformthedancesfortourists.9．Whatdoweknowaboutflamencodancing?A．Dancersbeginperformingbeforetheguitarmusicstarts.B．Awomandanceroftenwearsalongblackdress.C．Awomandancermovesherhandsandfeetatdifferentspeeds.D．Dancersclaploudlywhilemovingaroundeachother.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“gymnastics”inParagraph2referto?A．Aplay. B．Asport. C．Acelebration. D．Ashow.11．Whichofthefollowingislimbodancing?A． B．C． D．12．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．DanceJumpsandMoves B．DancesforDifferentAgesC．DanceMusicandClothing D．DancesfromAroundtheWorld（2021·浙江杭州·統考中考真題）Whendochildrenstarttotalk?Ifyouaskagroupofparentswhenthishappened,mostwillsay“aroundtwelvemonthsofage”.Theywillprobablyevenrememberwhatthechildrensaid.Manyparentskeepadiaryoftheirchild’s“firstwords”.Wecanneverpredictwhatafirstwordisgoingtobe.Oftenit’sthenamefor“mummy”or“daddy”,butitcouldjustaseasilybethewordforananimalorafavoritetoy.Everythingdependsonwhathasmostcaughtthechild’sattention.Butonethingiscertain:afterthefirstword,otherscomequickly.By18months,mostchildrenhavelearnedabout50words.Bytwo,thetotalhasrisentoaround200.Earlywordsareactuallyone-wordsentences.Oneofthefirstfeatures（特征）oflanguageachildlearnswellistocontroltheriseandfallofthevoicetomakethedifferencebetweenstatingandquestioning.InEnglish,daddywithahighrisingtone（聲調）means“isthatdaddy?”Daddywithahighfallingtonemeans“There’sdaddy”.Ofcourse,onlyverybasicmeaningscanbecommunicatedusingtonesalone.Soitsoonbecomesnecessarytolearnsomegrammar.InEnglish,grammarmeanslearningtoputwordsindifferentorders.Childrenhavetoseethatmummypushisdifferentfrompushmummy.Theystartpractisingsuchchangesataround18months.Bytwo,theyhavelearnedthebasicpatternsofwordorder,andwehearthemsayingsuchthingsasmankickballandwheredaddygo.Whataretheparentsdoingallhistime?They’reactingasteachersandtheyalwayshaveanactiveroletoplayintheirchild’slanguagelearning.13．Howoldaremostchildrenwhentheyhavelearnedabout50words?A．About6monthsold. B．Aboutoneyearold.C．About18monthsold. D．Abouttwoyearsold.14．WhichmightanEnglishchildsayfirstwhenlearningtotalk?A．Mummy. B．Pushmummy. C．Mankickball. D．Wheredaddygo.15．What’sParagraph4mainlyabout?A．Wordorder. B．Wordtones. C．Thefirstwords. D．Correctingwords.16．Whoismostresponsibleforachild’searlylanguagelearning?A．Teachers. B．Parents. C．Friends. D．Grandparents.（2020·浙江杭州·統考中考真題）Alotofanimalstravelfromoneplacetoanother.Wecallthismigration.InAfrica,largeanimals,likeelephantsandzebras,migratetofindfoodandwater.Theyusuallyfollowthesamewayseveryyear.Alotofbirdsmigratetofindfoodandbetterweather,too.Theyareusuallybirdsthateatinsects.TheyspendthesummerinnorthernEurope,becausetherearelotsofinsectsthere.Inthewintertherearen'tanyinsects,sothebirdsflysouthtosouthernEuropeandAfrica.Someinsectsmigrate,too.InNorthAmerica,millionsofmonarchbutterfliesflysouthtospendthewinterinMexico,CaliforniaandFlorida,whereit'swarmer.Theytravel50-65kmeachdayandtheytravelabout1,125km.Somefishmigratetobreed

(繁殖).Salmon(鮭魚)canswimover20,000kmintheirlife.TheyareborninriversinIreland,ScotlandandotherplacesinnorthernEurope.TheyoungfishswimdowntherivertotheseaandintotheAtlanticOcean.Theyliveintheoceanuntiltheyareadults.Thentheyreturntotheriverwheretheywereborn.Theylaytheireggsintheriverandthentheyusuallydie.Salmondothis,becausetheireggsaresaferintheriver.Otherfishcan'teatthem.Arcticterns(北極燕鷗)travelthefurthestwhentheymigrate.TheyspendthesummerintheArctic,butwhenwintercomestheyflytotheAntarctic,becauseit'ssummerthere.ThenextyeartheyflybacktotheArcticagain.Inoneyearthesesmallbirdstravel36,000kmfromoneendoftheearthtotheotherandbackagain.Nobodyknowshowtheydoit.17．Accordingtothepassage,monarchbutterfliesinNorthAmericamigrateto_________.A．findinsects B．lookforwater C．findbetterweather D．produceyoung18．Adultsalmonswimbacktotheriverbecause________.A．theywon'tbeeatenbyotherbigfishB．theywanttolayeggsinasaferplaceC．theyaregettingreadytodiethereD．theywanttogowheretheygrewup19．Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutanimals'migration?A．ElephantsinAfricausuallytravelthesamewayeachyear.B．MostbirdsflytosouthernEuropeandAfricainsummer.C．Someinsectstravel1,125kmeachday.D．Salmonswim20,000kmeachyear.20．TheexampleofArcticternsinthelastparagraphisusedmainlytoshow_________.A．thedistanceofmigration B．thepurposeofmigrationC．thedirectionofmigration D．thetimeofmigration（2020·浙江杭州·統考中考真題）Howwouldyoufeelifsomeonedecidedtotakeawayyourpark?Wellthat'swhat'shappeninginmycommunity.There'saparkthatsomepeoplewanttoturnintoagolfcourse

(高爾夫球場).LetmetellyouwhyIthinkit'sabadidea.First,aparkismeanttobeforthewholecommunity.Noteveryonelikesgolf,sonoteveryonewillgettousethepark.Thisisn'tfair.Acommunityparkshouldhaveopenspacesforeveryonetouse.Second,tomakewayforthegolfcourse,lotsofplaygroundequipment(設施)willhavetobemovedorknockeddown,whichisawasteoftimeandmoney.It'salsoawasteofperfectlygoodequipment.Theswings,forexample,willprobablyjustendupaslitter.Third,whataboutgivingyoungpeoplesomethingtodo?Notallkidsarecrazyaboutgolf.Atthemoment,theparkhasaskatingplaceandaplayground.Theseattractlotsofkidsfromthecommunity.Ifyouturntheparkintoagolfcourse,thesekidswon'thaveanywheretogoandtheywon'thaveanythingtodo.Thismeansthattheywillstayathomeandturnonavideogameratherthangetsomeexercise.Italsomeansthattheymightbeoutonthestreetcausingtrouble.Wouldn'titbebettertogivethemsomethingtodoatthepark?Finally,golfisexpensive.Buildingagolfcourseandmaintaining(維護)itcostsalotofmoney.Whoisgoingtopaytomaintainthegolfcourse?Whataboutthosepeoplewhocan'taffordtojoinagolfclub?Thatmeansthatthegolfcoursewillonlybeavailabletopeoplewithlotsofmoney.Turningourparkintoagolfcourseisabadidea.Isuggestwehaveacommunitymeetingbeforeplansgoanyfurther.21．Somepeoplewanttochangetheparkinto__________.A．agolfclub B．agolfcourse C．apark D．askatingplace22．AccordingtoParagraph4,havingnowheretogowillmakesomechildrenA．gotogetsomeexercise B．fallinlovewithgolfC．playvideogamesathome D．gotothestreetandmakefriends23．Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?(P=Paragraph)A． B． C．D．24．Whatisthewriter'spurposeinwritingthispassage?A．Tohelpcarryoutfurtherplans.B．Tomaketheparkmorebeautiful.C．Toencouragechildrentogoskating.D．Tostopthegolfcoursefrombeingbuilt.（2023·浙江溫州·校考一模）Avisittoawholecountryinaday?ThisispossibleinMadurodam!IntheworldfamousHollandminiaturepark,everythingisbuiltonascaleof1:25.Youaretreatedtoatripthroughthehistoryoftheseasidecountryandallitsfamousbuildings.Therearethemedareasinthepark.ThemostbeautifulbuildingsintheoldcitiesofHollandarelocatedinStedenRijk.ThishistoricalareashowshowHollandhasdevelopedfromfarmlandtoamoderncountry.AnotheroneisWaterRijk.WaterhasalwaysplayedanimportantpartinthedevelopmentofHolland,acountrythatwouldbeunderwaterwithoutdams.Tolearneverythingaboutwater,youmustresearchit.Youcanalsohaveahand-onexperienceinthearea,VindingRijk.Youcanoperatethebarriertopreventavillagefromflooding,helpaplanetakeoff,andloadorunloadships.Apartfromthethemedareas,thereisalsoaplaygroundforkidscalledtheWaddenzee.MadurodamworkshardtoshowarealisticviewofHolland.Eachofits338miniaturesismadeindetail.Peoplemustresearchtheshapeandthecolorofanitembyexaminepicturesbeforebuildingamodel.LittlefigurinesintheparkshowthedailylifeofpeopleinHolland.Thefigurineschangeclotheswiththeseasons,wearingcoatsinwinterandT-shirtsinsummer.WindmillsareasymbolofHollandandtheyareeverywhereinthepark.With55,000flowerbedsand5,500treesshortereventhanakid,theparkisfamousforitsnaturalbeauty.Openedin1952,Madurodamhasseenmorethan50millionvisitors.Still,itisdeveloping.Manymoreminiatureswillbebuiltinthepark.Therearestillplentyofgreatstoriestotellfromthepast,presentandfuture.25．Whichpicturemightbetakeninthepark,Madurodam?A． B．C． D．26．HowmanythemedareasinMadurodamarementionedinthepassage?A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four.27．HowdoesMadurodamshowarealisticviewofHolland?A．Byshowingmanyminiaturesthataresimilartotherealones.B．Bymakingfigurineswhichchangepositionsondifferentdays.C．Byplantingtreeswhichcanfinallygrowastallastherealones.D．Bybuildingwindmillsthatshowthenaturalbeautyofthecountry.28．Accordingtothepassage,whatcanweknowaboutMadurodam?A．Madurodamhasahistoryofabout50years.B．MoreminiatureswillbeaddedinMadurodam.C．IntheWaddenzee,storiesfromthepastaretold.D．InVindingRijk,visitorsaren’tallowedtotouchthings.（2023·浙江紹興·統考一模）Readingpeople’smindsseemstobeasuperpowerthatonlyhappensinmovies.Butscientistshavenowmadeitpossibletoreadpeople’smind!ResearchersattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFranciscodevelopedanewinstrument.Itcanturnbrainwavesintowordsonascreeninfrontoftheuser.Inthestudy,theytesteditwithaparalyzed(癱瘓的)man.“Toourknowledge,it’sthefirsttimetodirectlydecode(解碼)fullwordsfromthebrainofsomeonewhoisparalyzedandcannotspeak,”saidEdwardChang,theseniorauthorofthestudy.Eachyear,thousandsofpeoplelosetheabilitytospeakbecauseofaccidentsorillnesses.Withupto93percentbeingcorrectthenewinstrumentshows“strongpromise”toletthesepeoplefullycommunicateinthefuture.Oneproblemwithsuchmind-readingmachines,however,isthattheyhavetoputelectrodes(電極)intopeople’sbrains.It’sinconvenientandhashealthrisks.ButscientistsfromtheUniversityofTexas,US,havetakenstepstochangethis.Theytriedtoreadpeople’sthoughtswithouteventouchingtheirheads,reportedLiveScience.Thenewbrainscanning(掃描)methodiscalledFMRI,it’sasaferwayof“reading”brainactivity.Sinceactivebraincells(細胞)areeasiertoberead.Bytrackingthem,scientistscanreadbrainactivity.Theteamaskedpeopleinthetesttolistento16hoursofradioshowswhilescanningtheirbrains.Thentheyusedacomputeralgorithm(算法)tocreateastorybasedontheFMRIrecording.Itmatchedtheradioshowsprettywell.Inothertests,thealgorithmcouldbasicallyexplainthestoryofasilentmoviethatthepeopleinthetestwatched.Itcouldevenretellastorythatthepeopleimaginedintheirheads.Althoughit’snotaword-for-wordtranslation,themethod-FMRIshowsmanypossibilities.29．FromParagraph1andParagraph2,weknowthatthenewinstrumentcan________.A．teachparalyzedmentospeak B．helptoreadpeople’smindsC．makepeoplebecomestronger D．changepeople’swaytothink30．ItcanbelearnedthatFMRI________.A．hasfewerhealthrisks B．putsmoreelectrodesintobrainsC．costsmuchlessmoney D．canmakebrainsmoreactive31．Theunderlinedword“It”inParagraph5refersto________.A．thecomputer B．thetest C．thestory D．themovie32．Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．Machinesspeakingforpeople B．SuperpowersappearinginmoviesC．Skillscommunicatingwithfuture D．Computersofferingnewalgorithm（2023·浙江寧波·統考一模）Withthedevelopmentoftechnologyovertheyears,peoplehavemorewaystogetthenewsaroundtheworld.Newspaper,TVandradionewsarepopularamongtheolderagegroups,butmanyyoungpeopleprefersocialmedia(社交媒體)appssuchasInstagram;TikTokorYouTubetogetthelatestnews.ArecentreportshowsthatthenumberofpeopleintheUKwatchingnewsonTikTokin2022is3.9million,upfrom800,000in2020.And29%ofUKteenagersuseInstagramtogetthenews.Butaresocialmediaappsapropernewssource(來源)?Forsome,especiallyyoungsters,socialmediaappsareagreatwaytogetnews.Manypeopleusesocialmediaappseveryday,sotheycanquicklygetthelatestnewsonInstagramorTikTok.Thenewsisalsoshowninauser-friendlyway,suchasashortandlivelypostofvideo,whichmakesiteasiertounderstand.Thismeanspeoplearemorelikelytotakeinmorenewsthanjustreadingaboutit.Socialmediaappscanalsobringyounewsstoriesthatyoucan’tfindonTVornewspaper.Theyprovideaplatformfordifferentvoices,suchaspeople’sexperiencesduringbigevents.________InarecentreportbyOfcom,amediaregulator(監管機構)fromtheUK,63%ofTikTokuserssaytheyoftengetnewsthatisclearlyfalse.NewsfromlocalnewspaperorTVstationiscarefullycheckedbeforeitcomesout,butotherpeoplewhopostnewsonlinemightnotdothis.Besides,smartphonesmakeitmucheasiertogetmorenewsandstoriesonline,soitseemsthereisnostopofreadingonsocialmediaapps.ResearchshowsthatpeopleintheUKspent108minutesadayonsocialmediaapps.IfpeoplegettheirnewsfromanewspaperortheTV,theywillgetamuch-neededsocialmediabreak.Newsonsocialmediamaybringpeopleaneasywaytoreceivenews.However,itstillhasalongwaytogobeforeitcanfinallybecomeasuitablenewssource.Untilthen,people,especiallyyoungsters,shouldthinktwicebeforebelievinganynews.33．Newsonsocialmediais________.A．welcomebytheold B．hardtounderstandC．quitefasttoreceive D．thesameasnewsonTV34．Whichofthefollowingsentencescanbeputinthe________?A．Peoplethinknewsonlineisimportant. B．Newsonlinecanalsobeuntrue.C．Peoplealwaysbelievenewsonline. D．Wecan’tspendmuchtimeonline.35．Thewriteris________aboutgettingnewsonsocialmedia.A．supportive B．agreeable C．thankful D．careful36．Thestructureofthepassagemaybe________.A． B．C． D．（2023·浙江紹興·統考一模）LastWednesday,fivehydrogen-powered(氫動力)trainsbegantomakethe62mile(100kilometer)tripbetweenCuxhavenandBuxtehudeinGermany.It’stheworld’sfirstfullyhydrogen-poweredtrainline.Thenewtrainsarepartofa$92.5millionprojectbyLNVG(RegionalTransportSocietyofLowerSaxony).Atpresent,mosttrainsrunondiesel(柴油)power.Whendieselisburned,itcreatesCO2andotherpollutinggases(氣體).That’sthemainreasonmanycountriesaretryingtofindenergychoicesthatpolluteless.NowtheLNVGhasdecidedthatallthetrainsontheroutewillrunonhydrogen.Thetrains,calledCoradiaiLinttrains,arebuiltbytheFrenchcompany,Alstom.LNVGhasorderedatotalof14ofthehydrogen-poweredtrains,whichareexpectedtoreplace15diesel-poweredtrainsbytheendoftheyear.“Wewillnotbuyanymoredieseltrains,”saidCarmenSchwable,speakingforLNVG.Hydrogenisverycommonintheuniverse(宇宙).Itcanbeusedtocreateelectricitybycombiningitwithoxygen(氧)ina“fuelcell(燃料電池)”.Theoxygencomesfromtheairaroundthetrain.Thebestpartis,whenafuelcellcreateselectricity,itdoesn’tcreatepollution.TheCoradiaiLinttrainsrunonelectricitycreatedbyhydrogenfuelcells.Becausethemotoriselectric,thetrainsrunalmostsilently.That’sgoodforpeoplebothinsideandoutsidethetrain.There’sahydrogenstationonthelinetorefuelthetrains.Butsincethetrainscangoabout620miles(1,000kilometers)beforetheyneedmorefuel,theyonlyneedtofilluponceaday.Thetrainscangoasfastas90mph(140kph)-aboutthesameasthedieseltrainstheyarereplacing.StefanSchrank,whoworksforAlstom,believesthatGermanycouldreplaceupto3,000ofitsdieseltrainswithhydrogen-poweredtrains.37．Manycountriesaretryingtoreplacediesel-poweredtrainsmainlybecausediesel-poweredtrains________.A．areonlybuiltinFrance B．causepollutiontotheearthC．caneasilybreakdown D．won’tbeproducedanymore38．AccordingtoParagraph4,wecanlearn________.A．howmuchhydrogenisneededwhencreatingenergyB．whyhydrogenisverycommonintheuniverseC．whathydrogenislikewhencreatingenergyD．howhydrogencanbeusedtocreateenergy39．WhatdoweknowaboutCoradiaiLinttrains?A．Theyrunonelectricity. B．Theyrunquiteslowly.C．Theymakemuchnoise. D．Theyneedmorefuel.40．HowmightCarmenSchwableandStefanSchrankfeelaboutthefutureofthehydrogen-poweredtrains?A．Unsure. B．Bored. C．Certain. D．Worried.（2023·浙江紹興·統考一模）Mostpeopleagreethatthelastcoupleofyearshavebeenstressful.JessicaMartin,whoteachesartatWestSideSchoolinHealdsburg,California,thoughtherstudentsjustmighthavethemagicwordsneededtobringcalmtopeopleinthesedifficulttimes.So,she,alongwithartistAsherahWeiss,workedwithstudentsatWestSideonaproject,PepToc.Theprojecthadtwoparts—onewasthehotline,andtheotherwascreatingencouragingposters.Thetwoadultshadthesamebasicquestionforallthestudents:“Whatcouldyousaytohelporencouragesomeoneelse?”Studentsworkingonthehotlinethoughtofwhattheywouldliketosay.Whentheywereready,Ms.MartinrecordedeachoneinEnglishandSpanish.Later,shedividedtherecordingsintothedifferentpartsofthetelephonehotline.Pressing1bringsupideasforpeoplewhoare“feelingmad,ornervous”.Oneofthehelpfulsuggestionsis“gogetacookie”.Pressing2resultsin“wordsofencouragementandlifeadvice”.Thisincludesmessageslike:“Theworldisabetterplacewithyouinit.”And“Youareokay!”Bypressing3,youcanhearagroupofkidssayingtogether:“Youcandoit!Keeptrying,don’tgiveup!”Pressing4bringsyouthesoundsofchildrengigglingandlaughing-asoundcertaintobringasmiletoanyone’sface.Otherstudentstookpartinmakingencouragingposters,whichwerehunguparoundthetown.Manypostershadpiecesofpaperthatpeoplepassingbycouldtear（撕）offandtakewiththem.Ms.Martinthoughttheprojectwouldonlyattractinterestfrompeopleneartheschool.Butthehotlinewassoongettinghundredsofcallsaday-andthen,thousandsofcallsanhour.Nowithasbeenpopularwithstressedadults,patientsinhospitals,olderpeopleinhomes,andotherswhojustwanttohearthehappyvoicesofchildren.41．FromParagraph1,wemainlygettoknowthe________ofstartingtheprojectPepToc.A．date B．cause C．process D．cost42．Thepersonwho________cancallPepTocandpress1togetusefuladvice.A．needshelpwithcooking B．wantstogiveupC．likestolearnlanguages D．isfeelingstressedout43．Theunderlinedword“them”inParagraph4refersto________.A．otherstudents B．encouragingposters C．piecesofpaper D．peoplepassingby44．Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthattheproject________.A．isagreatsuccess B．needsmoreattentionC．isawasteoftime D．bringspeoplegoodluck（2023·浙江紹興·統考一模）Peoplewhohavespenttimeinotherculturesoftentalkabout“reverse（反向的）cultureshock”.Ifyouleaveyourcountryformorethanashorttouristtripandthengobackhome,youmayfeelit.Whatis“reversecultureshock”?Well,imaginethefollowing:Youhavejustadapted（適應）toanewcultureandhavecometoenjoylifeinit.Youhavemadenewfriendsandhavehadagreatvariety（多種多樣）ofnewexperiences.Then,sadlyenough,it’stimetoleave,butyouarealsoveryexcitedaboutgoinghome.Arrivinghomeiswonderful—seeingallthefriendsandrelativesyouhaven’