PAGEPAGE1二、代詞指代題(2024·全國Ⅱ，A)MyFavouriteBooksJoUsmarisawriterforCosmopolitanandco-authoroftheThisBookWillseries(系列)oflifestylebooks.Hereshepickshertopreads.MatildaRoaldDahlIoncewroteapaperontheinfluenceoffairytalesonRoaldDahl’swritinganditgavemeanewappreciationforhisstrangeanddelightfulworlds.Matilda’sbattleswithhercruelparentsandthebossyheadmistress，MissTrunchbull，areequallyfunnyandfrightening，butthey’realsoaspirational.AfterDarkHarukiMurakamiIt’sabouttwosisters—Eri，amodelwhoeitherwon’torcan’tstopsleeping，andMari，ayoungstudent.Intryingtoconnecttohersister，Maristartschangingherlifeanddiscoversaworldofdiverse“nightpeople”whoarehidingsecrets.GoneGirlGillianFlynnTherewasabitofmethatdidn’twanttolovethiswheneveryoneelseontheplanetdid，butthehorrorstoryisbrilliant.There’stensionandanxietyfromthebeginningasNickandAmybattleforyourtrust.It’sarealwhodunitandthefrustrationwhenyourealisewhat’sgoingonishorriblyenjoyable.TheStandStephenKingThisisanexcellentfantasynovelfromoneofthebeststorytellersaround.Afteraseriousfluoutbreakwipesout99.4%oftheworld’spopulation，abattleunfoldsbetweengoodandevilamongthoseleft.RandallFlaggisoneofthescariestcharactersever.eq\x(語篇解讀本文是一篇應用文。文章介紹了JoUsmar最喜愛的四本書。)21.Whodoes“I”refertointhetext?A.StephenKing. B.GillianFlynn.C.JoUsmar. D.RoaldDahl.答案C解析代詞指代題。由標題MyFavouriteBooks以及第一段內容可知，文章是以JoUsmar的口吻進行寫作的。故選C。22.WhichofthefollowingtellsaboutMariandEri?A.Cosmopolitan. B.Matilda.C.AfterDark. D.TheStand.答案C解析細微環節理解題。依據AfterDark部分中的第一句“It’sabouttwosisters—Eri，amodelwhoeitherwon’torcan’tstopsleeping，andMari，ayoungstudent.”可知答案為C。23.WhatkindofbookisGoneGirl?A.Afolktale. B.Abiography.C.Alovestory. D.Ahorrorstory.答案D解析細微環節理解題。依據GoneGirl部分中的“...thehorrorstoryisbrilliant.”可知答案為D。一、題型解讀代詞指代題常出現在人物或事物變換多，動作轉換常見的語境中，考生應依據語境推斷人稱代詞、不定代詞和指示代詞。有時也會考查定語從句中關系代詞的指代內容。設問形式常有：(1)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this/it/them/which...”referto?(2)Theunderlinedpart“it/that/they/which...”inParagraph...refersto“”.二、解題技巧——“就近原則”判指代第一步：明確代詞所指代內容的位置代詞恒久出現在原詞之后，故代詞所指代的內容在這一句的前面一句中，或者前幾句中。其次步：熟識代詞的含義(1)it/this/that可指代一件事。(2)it/he/them/they/one/those指上文提到的人或物。(3)which/that/who等關系代詞指代其所修飾的先行詞，非限制性定語從句中which可指代前面整句話的內容。第三步：替換核實再比較(1)用所找的指代內容替換畫線代詞，核實句意是否合理，前后內容是否一樣。(2)比較所代部分與選項，確定意思最接近的選項。例如：【真題感悟】中第21題。由標題MyFavouriteBooks以及第一段內容可知，文章是以JoUsmar的口吻進行寫作的。故C選項正確。A(2024·南通高三檢測)TheBoyWhoHarnessedtheWindisaninspirationaltrue-storyfilmbasedonamemoir—an9accountoftheauthor’spersonalexperiences—bytheMalawianengineerWilliamKamkwamba.Asateenager，Kamkwambabuiltawindturbineforhisfamine-strickentowninMalawi，helpingtopowersmallappliancesand6eventuallyirrigatecrops.11Thoughthefilmpointstowardthattechnologicalbreakthrough，itspendsmuchofitsrunningtimedepicting(描繪)itshero’scommunityandavoidsmanyofthedamaginglanguagesthattendtoaccompanypop-culturaldescriptionofpovertyorconflictsinAfricancountries.Thisapproachiswhatmakesthemovie，muchmoreattractivethanothersuchdocu-dramas.ChiwetelEjiofor，anEnglishactor，ismakinghis7featureappearanceasawriteranddirectortodrawattentiontoKamkwamba’sstory—buthe’sjustasfocusedondepictingtheboy’sfamilylifeandthedangersoffarmingintheearly2000sMalawi.Famineisn’tjustathingthathappenstotheKamkwambas.It’stheresultofaseriesofunpredictable8catastrophesthattrickledowntothissmallvillageandleaveitspeoplestrugglingtogrowandsellfood.Byexaminingthemanystructuralreasonsforthetown’scrisis，EjioformakesKamkwamba’sachievementfeelbetter-earnedfromanarrative(敘述的)perspective.TheKamkwambasarenotlackinginfood，atfirst，thoughtheydoliveharvesttoharvest.Soon，aseriesofdramaticfloods，combinedwithgovernmentunrest(動蕩)，beginstotakeatollon(haveabadeffecton)theirlife.Throughitall，Williamshowshisgiftforinvention，takingapartwhatevermachineshecangethishandsonandfiguringouthowtheywork.Inonecrucial(andcleverlywritten)scene，somelocalteenagersbegWilliamtofixtheirradiosothattheycanlistentoasoccergame，andhedoes，makinguseofabatteryfromseveraldrainedpowercells.Astheradiojoltstolife，itdeliversanewsreportofplaneshittingbuildingsintheU.S.，whichservesasthefirstrealacknowledgmentofthefilm’sexacttimeperiod.Theuninterestedteensimmediatelyswitchovertothegame，butEjioforincludedthatdetailforareason.ThoughMalawiisontheothersideoftheworldfromtheU.S.，andtheKamkwambas’villageisfarfromthecountry’sbiggestcity，thenegativeeffectsof9/11arefelteventhere—unsettlingthegovernmentandsettingoffachainreactionthatquicklyturnsthingsterrible.MomentsliketheseaffirmEjiofor’sparticularskillforstorytelling.ToWilliamandhisyoungfriends，theeventbarelyregisters，butitstillhashugeconsequencesfortheirlives.Thelatterhalfofthefilmistoughergoingthanthelight，community-orientedopening，butit’sanchoredbystrongperformances.Trywell，William’sfather，isn’tabaddad，butashisfamilygetshungrier，hisangertowardhisgovernment，whichwassupposedtohelphimthrive，risestothesurface.AsWilliam’smother，Maǐgaisacalmer，steadierfigure，butherprideisdamaged，too.Shespeaksofneverwantingtobethestereotypical(老套的)family“prayingforrain”，asherancestorsdid，anddespairsasTrywell’sstrategytosavethefarmbecomesalmostexactlythat.Atacertainpoint，Istartedmentallycheckingmywatch—Isn’tittimefortheboytostartharnessingthewind？ButEjiofordoesn’twantWilliam’smassiveachievementtolookeasy.NotonlydoesWilliamneedtogatherthepracticalmaterialsneededforawindmillinanearly1abandonedtown，buthealsohastochallengehisfather’sskepticismandpersuadehimtogiveupthefewpossessionshestillhas，includingabicycle，tocreatesomethingthatappearsimpossible.It’sstriking，anddeeplysad，toconsiderthatsuperficially(表面上)theonlythingkeepingWilliam’stownfromstarvationwasbasicallywindpower.InEjiofor’shands，TheBoyWhoHarnessedtheWindbuildsrealismandcontextintobothsidesofthatstoryandmanagestobeawinningadaptationasaresult.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文，介紹了電影《駕馭風的男孩》以其獨特的拍攝手法呈現了主子公為一個遭遇饑荒的非洲小鎮制造風力渦輪機的真實故事。1.InthefilmTheBoyWhoHarnessedtheWind，aconsiderablepartisabout.A.themiserablelifeinMalawi B.theirrigationofthecropsC.thebuildingoftheturbine D.thetechnologybreakthrough答案A解析細微環節理解題。依據第一段中的“Thoughthefilmpointstowardthattechnologicalbreakthrough，itspendsmuchofitsrunningtimedepicting(描繪)itshero’scommunityandavoidsmanyofthedamaginglanguages”和其次段中的“buthe’sjustasfocusedondepictingtheboy’sfamilylifeandthedangersoffarmingintheearly2000sMalawi”可知，這部電影有相當一部分描繪了在馬拉維的凄慘生活，故A項正確。2.HowdoesEjioformakeKamkwamba’sachievementmorenoticeable?A.Byshootingthefilmintheformofstory-telling.B.Byanalyzingthereasonsforthevillage’spoverty.C.Bylistingunpredictablecatastrophesattackingthevillage.D.Bystrengtheningthedifficultyingrowingandsellingthefood.答案A解析細微環節理解題。依據其次段中的“he’sjustasfocusedondepictingtheboy’sfamilylife”及“EjioformakesKamkwamba’sachievementfeelbetter-earnedfromanarrative(敘述的)perspective.”可知，Ejiofor的拍攝側重于Kamkwamba的家庭生活，并且是以敘述的形式使Kamkwamba的成就更突出，即以講故事的拍攝形式使Kamkwamba的成就更突出，故A項正確。3.WhatisthepurposeofthesceneabouttheradioinParagraph3?A.ToreporttheterroreventintheUS.B.Torevealthesettingofthefilm.C.Tostresstheteens’interestingames.D.Toshowthehero’swillingnessofhelp.答案B解析推理推斷題。依據第三段中的“Astheradiojoltstolife，itdeliversanewsreportofplaneshittingbuildingsintheU.S.，whichservesasthefirstrealacknowledgmentofthefilm’sexacttimeperiod.”可知，文章提到收音機場景是為了揭示電影的背景，故B項正確。4.Theunderlinedword“that”inParagraph4refersto.A.Maǐga’spride B.Trywell’sangerC.thefamilyprayingforrain D.thedespairofsavingthefarm答案C解析代詞指代題。依據畫線詞前的內容可知，她從來都不想像她的祖先那樣成為老套的“求雨”家庭，而當Trywell挽救農場的策略幾乎變成那樣的時候她感到了無望，由此可知，that指的就是前面的prayingforrain，故C項正確。5.ThesceneofWilliamharnessingthewindappearsquitelateinthefilmsoasto.A.buildrealismandcontextintobothsidesofthestoryB.underlinethelocalpeople’ssufferingfromstarvationC.showhisfather’sskepticismandreluctancetohelphimD.impressonviewersthedifficultyofmakingthemachine答案D解析推理推斷題。依據最終一段中的“ButEjiofordoesn’twantWilliam’smassiveachievementtolookeasy.”可知，Ejiofor不想讓William的宏大成就看起來那么簡單，即想要突出主子公的不簡單，故D項正確。6.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.AWindTurbineInventedbyaMalawianEngineerB.AnInspirationalTrue-storyAdaptedintoaFilmC.TheKamkwambaFamilyandTheirLifeinMalawiD.ATrueWinner—TheBoyWhoHarnessedtheWind答案D解析標題歸納題。依據第一段前兩句可知，本文介紹了電影《駕馭風的男孩》以其獨特的拍攝手法呈現了主子公為一個遭遇饑荒的非洲小鎮制造風力渦輪機的真實故事，他是真正的贏家，故D項正確。B(2024·南京、鹽城高三一模)Howwouldyoudescribeyourstyle？Formal？Classical？Casual？Smart？Firstofall，whatisstyle？Let’shearafewwordsofwisdomfromthewise.“Styleisknowingwhoyouareandwhatyouwanttosay，”(GoreVidal)；“Styleisanexpressionof2individualismmixedwithcharm，”(JohnFairchild)；“Styleistheperfectionofapointofview，”(RobertEberhart)；“Styleisasimplewayofsayingcomplicatedthings，”(JeanCocteau)；“Styleisthedressofthoughts，”(LordChesterfield).So，nowyouknowwhatstyleis，you’llneedtobuysomeclothes.Butwhere？IntheUK，youcangetreallycheap，stylish，second-handclothesat3charityshops.They’regreatifyouwantexclusivelabelsbutdon’twanttopaytheprice.Theonlydifficultyisdiscoveringwherethereallygood4bargainsare.Butdon’tworry，LeilaGraycanhelpyouhere.She’stheproudownerofavintageHardyAmiescoat，pickedupatacharityshopfor￡20—agooddealwhenyourealizeitcostmorethan￡800new.“Youhavetogotothericherareasofacity，”shesays.“That’swhereallthelabelsare.Itcantakeabitofhuntingaround，butthatishalfthefun，andthere’salotofburiedtreasurejustwaitingtobediscovered.”So，nowyouknowwheretobuyyournew，stylishclothes，howdoyouacquireyourstyle？Expertssaythatmixingandmatchingfromcharityshopscanhelpyoufindyourownstyle—somethingthat’sreallyyou.That’swhatScottishmusicianMomusdid.“Myfashion10tipisthis，”hesays，“Lookatyourselfwiththeeyeofagraphicdesigner.Ifyoucan’tbeattractive，aimfor‘interesting’or‘original’.”Momus’uniquestylecouldevenmakehimhappier，too.AspsychologistMarilynEliasexplains，thehappiestpeople“judgethemselvesbytheirownyardsticks，neveragainstwhatothersdoorhave”.ShoichiAoki，thefounderofJapanesestreetstylemagazineFRUiTS，agrees.“12Ithinkrealfashioniswhatpeoplewearonthestreets，theclothesthattheywear，thewaythattheywearthem，”hesays.“Whatyouseeinfashionmagazinesandonmodelshasbeenstyledandit’smorecommercial.”HesaysthathisinspirationforFRUiTScamefrompeople5combiningtraditionalJapaneseclothingsuchasthekimonoand“geta”(Japanesewoodenclogs)withWesternfashion.“Thisreallycaughtmyeye，”Aokiadds.Thesestylesmayseemwild，butAoki’sideaisnot：bebold，becreativeandfindsomethingthatsuitsyou.7.Whatshouldyoufirstdotochoosethestylethatbestsuitsyou?A.Followtheimagesofthewisepeople.B.Goforwhateverisfashionable.C.Simplifycomplicatedexpressions.D.Figureoutwhatatruestyleis.答案D解析推理推斷題。由第一段中“Howwouldyoudescribeyourstyle？Formal？Classical？Casual？Smart？Firstofall，whatisstyle？”提出的設問可知，要選擇適合自己的風格，首先要弄明白原委什么是真正的“style”，故選D。8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph2referto?A.Gettingclothesofleadingbrands.B.Buyingclothesatratherlowprices.C.Searchingforreallygoodbargains.D.Startingacharityshopsellingclothes.答案C解析代詞指代題。that通常指代上文提到的事物，依據其次段中的“IntheUK，youcangetreallycheap，stylish，second-handclothesatcharityshops.They’regreatifyouwantexclusivelabelsbutdon’twanttopaytheprice.”及畫線詞前的“Itcantakeabitofhuntingaround”可知，that指代上文中的“找尋真正物美價廉的商品”。故選C。9.WhatisthefocusofShoichiAokiandhismagazineFRUiTS?Amercializationoffashionmagazines.B.Expressionofsomethingpersonalandcreative.C.Designingfashionablewearformeninthestreet.D.PromotingJapanesetraditionalclothingworldwide.答案B解析推理推斷題。依據倒數其次段中的“HesaysthathisinspirationforFRUiTS...Thesestylesmayseemwild，butAoki’sideaisnot：bebold，becreativeandfindsomethingthatsuitsyou.”可知，答案為B。10.Whatisprobablythebesttitleforthepassage?A.HowtoFindtheStyleThatSuitsYouB.WheretoPickUpaBargainC.WhattoWeartoDevelopYourStyleD.WhomtoModeltoBePopular答案A解析標題歸納題。本文從設問“你怎樣描述你的風格？”和“首先，什么是風格？”起先，探討了如何找到適合自己的風格，故選A。Ⅰ.障礙詞匯突破(一)閱讀下列句子，并依據句意揣測畫線部分的意思1.Rescuersabandonedallhopeoffindinganymoresurvivors.放棄2.Inthecontemporarywesternworld，rapidlychangingstylescatertoadesirefornoveltyandindividualism.特性3.Manycharitiessentmoneytohelpthevictimsofthefamine.慈善機構4.Hemadeabargainwithhiswife，“YoutakecareofthechildrenandI’llcook.”條件，協議5.LikehermotherMarieCurie，Irenecombinedfamilyandcareer.兼顧(二)同義詞語替換6.Eventually，herownpublishingfirmwassetup.Finally/Atlast/Intheend7.AnimportantfeatureofVanGogh’spaintingsistheirbrightcolours.characteristic/character8.Earlywarningsofrisingwaterlevelspreventedanothermajorcatastrophe.disaster(三)一詞多義9.accountv.占……比例；說明……的緣由；是……的緣由n.賬目；賬戶；賬號；敘述；報道；描寫(1)Theapplicationofnewtechnologiesandwideappealofmoviestarscouldaccountfortheincreaseofthebox-officeincome.v.是……的緣由(2)Itissaidthatbodylanguageaccountsfor55percentofafirstimpressionwhilewhatyousayjust7percent.v.占……比例(3)Whilethisbooktellsusthestoriesoffamouspeopleinhistory；italsogivesanaccountofthelivesoflesser-knownindividuals.n.敘述(4)Hetakescareofthebusinessandhiswifekeepstheaccounts.n.賬目(5)Myfatherhelpedmesetupabankaccount.n.賬戶10.tipn.尖端；末梢；小費；建議；忠告；小貼士v.傾斜；傾倒；給……小費(1)Theboattippedtooneside.v.傾斜(2)Shetippedtheporteradollar.v.給……小費(3)Igavesometipsonhisstudies，buthedidn’tfollowthem.n.建議；忠告(4)CapeTownisatthesoutherntipoftheAmericancontinent.n.末端Ⅱ.長難句理解11.Thoughthefilmpointstowardthattechnologicalbreakthrough，itspendsmuchofitsrunningtimedepicting(描繪)itshero’scommunityandavoidsmanyofthedamaginglanguagesthattendtoaccompanypop-culturaldescriptionofpovertyorconflictsinAfricancountries.[句式分析]本句是一個復合句，though引導讓步狀語從句，thattendtoaccompanypop-culturaldescriptionofpovertyorconflictsinAfricancountries是that引導的定語從句。[精致譯文]盡管這部電影指向了技術上的突破，但是它的大部分時間都在描繪主子公所在的社區，并避開了很多帶有破壞性的語言，這些語言傾向于伴隨著對非洲國家的貧困或沖突的流行文化的描述。12.Ithinkrealfashioniswhatpeoplewearonthestreets，theclothesthattheywear，thewaythattheywearthem.[句式分析]本句是一個復合句，Ithink后面跟的是一個省略了引導詞that的賓語從句；is后有三個并列的表語：what引導表語從句，theclothesthattheywear和thewaythattheywearthem，其中兩個that引導的都是定語從句。[精致譯文]我認為真正的時尚是街頭人們的穿著裝扮，是他們所穿的衣服，是他們的穿衣方式。強化練(二十三)Ⅰ.單項填空1.Asforyourabouttheshoes，sir，Iwillspeaktothepersoninchargeandaskhimeithertogiveyouanotherpairortogiveyourmoneyback.Aposition BpromiseCplaint D.concept答案C解析composition作文；compromise妥協；complaint投訴，埋怨；concept概念。句意為：先生，關于您對這雙鞋的投訴，我會和負責的人談談，讓他要么給您另一雙鞋，要么給您退錢。complaintabout對……埋怨/投訴，故選C。2.—David，areyoulisteningtome?—Sorry，sir.IofthelectureIattendedyesterday.A.havethought B.wasthinkingC.amthinking D.thought答案B解析句意為：——大衛，你在聽我說嗎？——對不起，先生。我在想我昨天聽的講座。此處表示剛才正在做某事，所以應當用過去進行時態，故選B。3.ThenewsspreadquicklyallovertheworldMichaelSchumachercametolifeafterhisbeingseriouslyinjured5yearsago.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when答案A解析句意為：邁克爾·舒馬赫在5年前受了重傷，他醒悟過來的消息很快傳遍了全世界。此處名詞news后面是that引導的同位語從句，說明該名詞的詳細內容，故選A。4.Thenewsurveyshowsthatthenumberofstudentscomputergameshasbeenincreasinginrecentyears.A.accustomedto B.relatedtoC.connectedto D.addictedto答案D解析beaccustomedto習慣于；berelatedto與……有關；beconnectedto與……有聯系；beaddictedto對……上癮。句意為：這項新的調查顯示，沉迷于電腦嬉戲的學生人數近年來呈上升趨勢。此處為形容詞短語作定語。故答案為D。5.—Manyoptimisticteenagersowetheirpersonalitiestotheiroutgoingparents.—Itmakessense.Asweallknow，ahappyparentahappychild.A.makesout B.makesintoC.makesup D.makesfor答案D解析makeout明白，理解；makeinto制成；makeup由……組成，編造；makefor有助于。句意為：——很多樂觀的青少年把他們的特性歸功于他們外向的父母。——這是有道理的。眾所周知，一個歡樂的父母造就一個歡樂的孩子。故選D。6mercialandrecreationalfishingpopulationsizesandalsomadeindividualssmaller，sincebigfishandsmalleronesthrownback.A.decreased；keptB.haddecreased；arekeptC.hasdecreased；keepD.hasdecreased；arekept答案D解析考查時態和語態。因為大的魚是被漁夫留下來的，所以后一空為被動，故解除A、C項，因為商業性或消遣性的捕魚發生在過去并對現在的個體和數量造成影響，而非發生在過去的動作“madeindividualssmaller”之前，故用現在完成時，故選D。7.Moreofusareusingheadphonesinnoisierenvironments，wemayturnupthevolumetopotentiallydangerouslevels.A.whenB.whileC.beforeD.where答案D解析考查定語從句。因為后半句是一般現在時，前半句是現在進行時，故解除A、B兩項，依據句意“在熱鬧環境中會提高音量”，不存在先后時間依次，可解除C項，所以后半句只能是個從句來修飾environments，句子成分完整，先行詞在從句中作地點狀語。故選D。8.—Thereisalwaystemptationtohideawayfromouremotions.—ButI’dratherweawayofbeingmoreoutspoken，morehonest，andtruertoourselves.A.find B.shallfindC.found D.havefound答案C解析考查固定句式。wouldrathersb.didsth.“寧愿某人做某事”，是虛擬語氣的固定句型，是對現在的虛擬。假如對過去虛擬則用wouldrathersb.haddonesth.。本題是對現在的虛擬，故選C。9.—Suesleptovernightinfrontofthestadiuminordertogetconcerttickets.—That’swhattheproverb“”means.A.everycloudhasasilverliningB.makehaywhilethesunshinesC.theearlybirdcatchesthewormD.don’tcountyourchickensbeforetheyhatch答案C解析考查諺語、俗語。everycloudhasasilverlining守得云開見明月；makehaywhilethesunshines曬草要趁太陽好；theearlybirdcatchestheworm早起的鳥兒有蟲吃；don’tcountyourchickensbeforetheyhatch不要興奮得太早。故選C。10.Whilesendingflowersasgifts，wecan’tchooseflowers，becausedifferentflowersmayconveydifferentmeanings.(2024·無錫高三期中)A.arbitrarily B.cautiouslyC.originally D.thoroughly答案A解析考查副詞。arbitrarily反復無常地；cautiously謹慎地；originally最初；thoroughly徹底地。句意為：當送花作為禮物時，我們不能隨意選擇花，因為不同的花可能傳達不同的含義。故選A。Ⅱ.閱讀理解AHereisarecordofthediscussionaboutAI(artificialintelligence)conductedbyseveralscientists：ScientistA：IwouldsaythatwearequitealongwayofdevelopingtheAI，thoughIdothinkitwillhappenwithinthenextthirtyorfortyyears.Wewillprobablyremainincontroloftechnologyanditwillhelpussolvemanyoftheworld’sproblems.However，noonereallyknowswhatwillhappenifmachinesbecomemoreintelligentthanhumans.Theymayhelpus，ignoreusordestroyus.ItendtobelieveAIwillhaveapositiveinfluenceonourfuturelives，butwhetherthatistruewillbepartlyuptous.ScientistB：Ihavetoadmitthatthepotentialconsequencesofcreatingsomethingthatcanmatchorgobeyondhumanintelligencefrightenme.Evennow，scientistsareteachingcomputershowtolearnontheirown.Atsomepointinthenearfuture，theirintelligencemaywelltakeoffanddevelopatanever-increasingspeed.Humanbeingsevolvebiologicallyveryslowlyandwewouldbequicklysubstituted.Intheshortterm，thereisthedangerthatrobotswilltakeovermillionsofhumanjobs，creatingalargeunderclassofunemployedpeople.Thiscouldmeanlarge-scalepovertyandsocialunrest.Inthelongterm，machinesmightdecidetheworldwouldbebetterwithouthumans.ScientistC：I’mamemberoftheCampaigntoStopKillerRobots.ForgetthemovieimageofaterrifyingTerminatorstampingonhumanskulls(頭骨)andthinkofwhat’shappeningrightnow：militarymachineslikedrones，gunturretsandsentryrobotsarealreadybeingusedtokillwithverylittlehumaninput.Thenextstepwillbeautonomous“murderbots”followingordersbutfinallydecidingwhotokillontheirown.Itseemscleartomethatthiswouldbecompletelyunethicalanddangerousforhumans.Weneedtobeverycautiousindeedaboutwhatweaskmachinestodo.eq\x(語篇解讀文章介紹了三位科學家關于人工智能的探討記錄。)11.WhatisScientistBworriedabout?A.AItechnologywilldestroytheearth.Bputerscan’tthinkbythemselves.C.Robotswilltaketheplaceofhumans.D.Humanswillbeunhappywithoutmachines.答案C解析推理推斷題。依據第三段中的“Intheshortterm，thereisthedangerthatrobotswilltakeovermillionsofhumanjobs，creatingalargeunderclassofunemployedpeople.Thiscouldmeanlarge-scalepovertyandsocialunrest.”可知，科學家B擔憂機器人會代替人類，造成人類失業、貧困和社會動蕩。故選C。12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.TheCampaigntoStopKillerRobots.B.ThemovieimageofaterrifyingTerminator.C.“Murderbots”can’tdecidebythemselves.D.“Murderbots”willbeagainsthumans’orders.答案D解析代詞指代題。依據畫線詞前一句“Thenextstepwillbeautonomous‘murderbots’followingordersbutfinallydecidingwhotokillontheirown.”可知，自動“殺人機器人”聽從人類的吩咐，但最終殺死誰由他們自己確定。句中this指“殺人機器人不聽從人類的吩咐”。故選D。13.WhichstatementisCORRECTaccordingtotherecord?A.ScientistAthinksAItechnologywillneverdevelop.B.TheemploymentwillbeaffectedbyAItechnologyinthefuture.C.“Murderbots”willfollowtheordersoftheirmanufacturersinthewars.D.AllthethreescientistsagreethatAItechnologywillbenefithumanbeings.答案B解析細微環節理解題。依據第三段中的“Intheshortterm，thereisthedangerthatrobotswilltakeovermillionsofhumanjobs，creatingalargeunderclassofunemployedpeople.”可知，機器人的發展會代替人類工作，造成人類失業。也就是說，將來人工智能技術將會影響就業。故選B。14.Whoagree(s)AIhasmorenegativeaspectsthanpositiveaspects?A.ScientistA. B.ScientistB.C.ScientistsB&C. D.ScientistsB&A.答案C解析推理推斷題。依據其次段中的“ItendtobelieveAIwillhaveapositiveinfluenceonourfuturelives”可知，科學家A認為人工智能的主動因素比消極因素多。依據第三段中的“...thereisthedangerthatrobotswilltakeovermillionsofhumanjobs，creatingalargeunderclassofunemployedpeople.Thiscouldmeanlarge-scalepovertyandsocialunrest.”和第四段中的“Itseemscleartomethatthiswouldbecompletelyunethicalanddangerousforhumans.Weneedtobeverycautiousindeedaboutwhatweaskmachinestodo.”可知，科學家B和科學家C認為人工智能的消極因素比主動因素多。故選C。B(2024·南京三模)Thereareplentyofgoodreasonsforayoungpersontochoosetogotouniversity：intellectualgrowth，careeropportunities，havingfun.Aroundhalfofschool-leaversintherichworldnowdoso，andtheshareisrisinginpoorercountries，too.Governmentsarekeenonhighereducation，seeingitasameanstoincreasesocialmobilityandeconomicgrowth.Buttheytendtooverestimatethebenefitsandignorethecostsofexpandinguniversityeducation.Often，publicmoneyjustfeedsthearmsraceforqualifications.Asmoreyoungpeopleseekdegrees，thereturnsbothtothemandtogovernmentsarelower.Employersdemanddegreesforjobsthatneverrequiredtheminthepastandhavenotbecomemoredemandingsince.Inadesperateattempttostandout，studentsarestudyingevenlonger，anddelayingwork，toobtainmaster’sdegrees.Spendingonuniversitiesisusuallyjustifiedbythe“graduatepremium”—theincreaseinearningsthatgraduatesenjoyovernon-graduates.Theseindividualgains，thethinkinggoes，adduptoaneconomicincreaseforsocietyasawhole.Butthegraduatepremiumisaflawedunitofcalculating.Partoftheusefulnessofadegreeisthatitgivesagraduatejobseekeranadvantageattheexpenseofnon-graduates.Itisalsoasignaltoemployersofgeneralqualities，suchasintelligenceanddiligence，thatsomeonealreadyhasinordertogetintoauniversity.Someprofessionsrequirequalifications.Butadegreeisnotalwaysthebestmeasureoftheskillsandknowledgeneededforajob.Withdegreessocommon，recruitersareusingthemasasimplewaytoevaluateapplicants.Non-graduatesarethusincreasinglylockedoutofnicework.Inanycase，thepremiumcountsonlythewinnersandnotthelosers.Acrosstherichworld，athirdofuniversitystudentsnevergraduate.Itistheweakeststudentswhoaredrawninashighereducationexpandsandwhoaremostlikelytodropout.Theypayfeesandsacrificeearningstostudy，butseelittleincreaseintheirfutureincomes.Whendropoutsareincluded，theexpectedfinancialreturntostartingadegreefortheweakeststudentsshrinkstoalmostnothing.Manyschool-leaversarebeingmisledabouttheprobablevalueofuniversity.Governmentsneedtooffertheyoungawiderrangeofoptionsafterschool.Theyshouldstartbyrethinkingtheirownhiringpractices.Mostinsistondegreesforpublic-sectorjobsthatusedtobedonebynon-graduates，includingnursing，primary-schoolteachingandmanycivil-serviceposts.Instead，theyshouldseekotherwaysfornon-graduatestoprovetheyhavetherightskillsandtogetmoreon-the-jobtraining.School-leaversshouldbegivenawidervarietyofwaystogainjobskillsandtodemonstratetheiremployabilityintheprivatesector.Ifschoolqualificationsweremademorestrict，employerswouldbemorelikelytotrustthemassignalsofability，andlessinsistentondegrees.Universitiesshouldgrantcreditstodropoutsforthepartsofcoursestheyhavecompleted.Theycouldalsoopentheirexamstoanyonewhowantstotakethem，andawarddegreestothosewhosucceed.Suchmeasureswouldbemoreefficientatdevelopingtheskillsthatincreaseproductivityandshouldsavepublicmoney.Topromotesocialmobility，governmentswoulddobettertodirectfundstoearly-schooleducationandtohelpingstudentswhowouldbenefitfromuniversitybutcannotaffordit.Youngpeople，bothrichandpoor，areill-servedbythearmsraceinacademicqualifications，inwhicheachmuststudylongerbecausethatiswhatalltherestaredoing.Itistimetodisarm.eq\x(語篇解讀本文是一篇爭論文，主要闡述了“學歷軍備競賽”的危害和影響。)15.Howdoestheauthorconsiderhighereducation?A.It’sagoodwaytoraisestudents’socialstatus.B.Itdefinitelybenefitsthedevelopmentofeconomy.C.Itwillamplyrewardindividualsandgovernments.D.It’sawasteofmoneyforsomestudentsandtaxpayers.答案D解析推理推斷題。依據其次段最終兩句和第五段第四句“Theypayfeesandsacrificeearningstostudy，butseelittleincreaseintheirfutureincomes.”可知，作者認為對于一些學生和納稅人而言，高等教化是在奢侈金錢。16.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inParagraph3referto?A.Degrees.B.Returns.C.Employers.D.Jobs.答案A解析代詞指代題。依據畫線詞所在句可知，在過去，工作不須要學歷，故them指代句中提到的degrees。17.Whatistheauthor’spreferredsolutiontotheissue?A.Todecreaseuniversitydropoutrates.B.Toimprovetheteachingqualitiesofuniversities.C.Toopenmorepublic-sectorjobstonon-graduates.D.Toprovideschool-leaverswithproperjobtraining.答案D解析細微環節理解題。依據倒數第三段最終一句“Instead，theyshouldseekotherwaysfornon-graduatestoprovetheyhavetherightskillsandtogetmoreon-the-jobtraining.”可知，作者認為應當為離校生供應適當的在職培訓。18.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.MeasurestoBoostSocialMobilityB.TimetoEndtheAcademicArmsRaceC.DifficultyinSolvingUnemploymentD.NecessityofChangingHiringPractices答案B解析標題歸納題。依據最終一段最終兩句可知，作者認為是時候該結束學歷軍備競賽了。故B項“TimetoEndtheAcademicArmsRace”最適合作文章的標題。Ⅲ.完形填空(2024·揚州中學高三質檢)PleaseexcusemeifI’malittlesadtoday.Markisleaving，andI’mfeelingkindofsad.He’sbeentheheartandsouloftheofficeforacoupleofyears，19professionalskillswithasweetnature.Andnowhe’smovingontoanexcitingnew20opportunity.Itsoundslikeitcouldbethechanceofalifetime，andwe’resincerely21forhim.Butthatdoesn’tmakeitany22tosaygoodbyetoadearfriendandtrustedcolleague.Ourabilitytocopewith23determineshappinessinlife.Buthowdowedothat？Philosophers’responseshavebeen24.AccordingtotheauthoroftheBiblicalbookofEcclesiastes，comfortcanbefoundin25that“toeverythingthereisaseason，andatimetoeverypurposeunderheaven.”KahlilGibranurgedhislistenersto“lettodayembracethe26withremembrance，andthefuturewithlonging.”Afriendofmineremindshisfellowthat“survivabilitydependsupon27.”Andasurfersummedup28problemsinfourwords：“Gowiththeflow.”Ithinklifeisaseriesof29—bothgoodandbad.Nomatterhowexcellentyourorganizationalskills，therewillalwaysbelife-influencingfactorsoverwhichyouhaveno30.Thetrulysuccessfulpersonis31tomakeadjustmentsifnecessary.Thatmeanswhenthings32thataren’texactlyinyourplan，youworkaroundthem—andthenyoumoveon.Ofcourse，some33alongtheroadoflifeareeasiertotakethanothers.Arained-outpicnic，forexample，iseasierto34thanthesuddendeathofalovedone.Butthe35isthesame.Change，indeed，ispainful，yetever36.Andifmemoryhasitsforceandworth，sohas37.We’regoingtomissMark，butratherthanbelostinthesadnessofourparting，we’llfocusonourhopesfo