PAGEPAGE1第2節說明文題組訓練一1話題：新型馬路難度：★★建議用時：7分鐘Ofalltheplasticproducedsincethe1950s，lessthan10%hasbeenrecycled.Thevastmajorityendsupbeingthrown，mostofitinlandfill.Someislefttolitterthenaturalenvironment，whereitcangetintoriversandthesea.Recycledplasticisalreadyusedtomakesomeproducts，suchasgutteringandsewagepipes.Nowattentionisturningtoroads.OnSeptember11thinZwolle，acityintheNetherlands，a30-metrebicycletrackwith70%madefromrecycledplasticandtherestfrompolypropylenewasopened.ItwillbeusedtotestaproductcalledPlasticRoad，whichisbeingdevelopedbytwoDutchfirms—KWSInfra，aroadbuilder，andWavin，afirmthatmakesplasticpiping—inpartnershipwithTotal，aFrenchoilandgasfirm.PlasticRoadisprefabricated(預制的)inafactoryasmodularsections.Thesectionsarethentransportedtothesiteandlaidendtoendonasuitablefoundation，suchassand.Becausethesesectionsareemptyinside，internalchannelscanbeinstalledintothemfordrainage(排水)，alongwithpipesforservicessuchasgasandelectricity.FortheZwolleproject，sectionsthatare2.4metreslongand3metreswidewereused.Thesewerefittedwithsensorstomeasurethingssuchastemperature，flexibilityandtheflowofwaterthroughthedrainagechannels.Ifallgoeswell，theinventorshopetodeveloptheideaandmakethesectionsentirelyfromrecycledplastic.Paths，carparksandrailwayplatformscouldfollow.Eventually，sectionsforuseasactualroadsareplanned.Thesecouldcontainsensorsfortrafficmonitoring.Intime，thecircuitsintheplasticroadsmightextendtoassistingautonomousvehiclesandrechargingelectriccarswirelessly.Prefabricatedplasticroadsshouldlasttwotothreetimeslongerthanconventionalroadsandcostless，thecompaniesclaim，mainlybecauseconstructiontimewouldbereducedbyalmosttwo-thirds.Anti-slipsurfacescouldbeused，too，includingcrushedstoneswhicharetraditionallyusedtodressroadsurfaces.Thesections，whenreplaced，canalsoberecycled.Butengineerswillbewatchingtoseehowthetrackstandsuptowearandtearandifthehollowstructurecausesresonance(共振)，whichwouldmakesucharoadextremelynoisy.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文，介紹了出現在荷蘭的新型馬路——PlasticRoad。1.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A.ThebenefitsofPlasticRoad.B.TheprocessofmakingPlasticRoad.C.TheinspirationbehindPlasticRoad.D.ThefuturedevelopmentofPlasticRoad.答案D解析段落大意題。依據第四段的內容，尤其是“hopetodeveloptheidea...Paths，carparksandrailwayplatformscouldfollow”“sectionsforuseasactualroadsareplanned”“Intime，thecircuitsintheplasticroadsmightextendto...wirelessly”可知，本段主要涉及塑料馬路將來的發展。故選D。2.Howaretheplasticroadsdifferentfromthetraditionalones?A.Theycanstayingoodconditionforalongertime.B.Theirweight-bearingcapacityisrelativelyweaker.C.Theyareentirelymadefromrecycledplasticatpresent.D.Theirconstructionismorecomplexandtime-consuming.答案A解析細微環節理解題。依據最終一段中的“Prefabricatedplasticroadsshouldlasttwotothreetimeslongerthanconventionalroads”可知，這種塑料馬路運用壽命比傳統馬路長兩到三倍。也就是說，相較于傳統馬路，塑料馬路更耐用。故選A。3.What’stheauthor’spurposeofwritingthispassage?A.Toshowdifferentwaystorecycleplastic.B.Toexplainthesignificanceofrecyclingplastic.C.Toinformreadersofanewproducttobuildroads.D.Tostresstheurgencyofprotectingtheenvironment.答案C解析寫作意圖題。縱觀全文可知，本文主要介紹了一種新型馬路——塑料馬路。故C項最能概括作者寫作本文的主要目的。2話題：廣告難度：★★建議用時：8分鐘Imagineafuturewhereourstreetsarefilledwithads200mtall，wherebillboardschangebeforeoureyestogiveuspersonalizedmessages，andwherecompaniestrackoureverymoveaswewalkthroughacity，pinging(發送)specialofferstoourphonesasweneartheirshops.Infact，alloftheseformsofadvertisingarealreadybeingtested.Let’stakethefirstoftheseideas.Backin1982，sciencefictionmovieBladeRunnerpredictedafuturisticcityscapewheregiantadvertsstretchedthefullheightofskyscrapers.AndUKcompanyLightvertarenowdoingsomethingverysimilar，withonecrucialdifference.Insteadofmakingimmensephysicaladverts，theircommercialsaresentstraightintoconsumers’eyes.Theydothisbyattachingastripofreflectivematerialontoabuildingandprojectinganimageontoit.Thisimagethen“bounces”outintotheworld.Whenyoupassdirectlyinfrontoftheimage，youseeit.Itappearstobehugeandhunginmid-air，butotherscan’tseeit.Lightvertclaimsthisformofadvertisingdoesnotstandoutandcan“unlock”largeamountsof“high-valueadvertisingrealestate”.Butnoteveryoneissoldontheideaoflivinginaworldofendlessads.InMoscow，forexample，anewformofadvertisingtargetingmotoristshassplitopinion.DriversapproachingaparticulardigitalbillboardinthecityareshownadvertsforanewkindofJaguarcar，butonlyiftheyaredrivingadifferentmakeofvehicle.Sensorsinthebillboarddetectwhatkindofcaryouaredriving，andsendyouanadbasedonthatinformation.Whilethismayseeminvasive(侵入的)，it’sactuallythesafetyaspectthathasconcernedsomeobservers.ResearchersinSwedenhaveshownthatdigitalbillboardsattractoureyesforlongerthanotherkinds.Infact，theytakeourattentionawayforovertwoseconds，alengthoftimewhichhasprovedtobedangerousontheroads.Finally，wehave“proximitymarketing(鄰近營銷)”，whereshopsdetectwhereyouareonthehighstreetandsendtailoredadvertstoyourphone.DevicescapeisonecompanytriallingtheuseofWi-Fiasameansoftrackingcustomers.Theirtechnologycouldworkanywhere，whetherin“asupermarket，aconcerthall，orabus”，saysOwenGeddesfromtheirmarketingteam.Whatwouldcustomerssee？“Itcouldbeadiscountoffertouseintheshopthepersonisvisiting，orapieceofcontentsuchasamovietrailer，”saysMrGeddes.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。現代社會中，廣告信息隨處可見，這一產業的將來會是怎樣的呢？我們是否會迎來這樣的一天：人們走在城市的街道上，一抬頭就能看到高達200米的廣告？4.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutLightvert?A.Theyaremakinghugephysicalcommercials.B.Theyattachanimagetotheirhugecommercials.C.Theircommercialsaretargetedatalargeraudience.D.Theircommercialsareonlyvisiblefromonelocation.答案D解析推理推斷題。依據第三段中的“Whenyoupassdirectlyinfrontoftheimage，youseeit.Itappearstobehugeandhunginmid-air，butotherscan’tseeit.”可知，你從圖像前徑直走過時，就能看到它。它看起來很大而且懸浮在半空中，不過別人看不到。由此可推知，Lightvert公司的商業廣告只能從某個特定的位置看到。故選D。5.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthefourthparagraphimply?A.Somepeoplecan’tlivewithsomanyads.B.Someadsdon’tachievethedesiredresults.C.Somepeoplefeelconfusedaboutendlessads.D.Somepeoplearemoreusedtotraditionalads.答案A解析句意理解題。依據第四段的內容，尤其是“InMoscow，forexample，anewformofadvertisingtargetingmotoristshassplitopinion.”可知，莫斯科民眾對一款面對汽車司機的新廣告褒貶不一，也就是說，人們對這類廣告在看法上有分歧。由此可知，畫線句應是指有人無法忍受這樣一個被各種廣告充斥的世界。故選A。6.Whatistheproblemwithdigitalbillboardsaccordingtosomeobservers?A.Theyfailtoremindpeopleofdangerontheroads.B.Theymakepeoplelessconcentratedondriving.C.Theyhaveatendencytoviolatepeople’sprivacy.D.Theyareattractivebutkindofharmfultooureyes.答案B解析細微環節理解題。依據倒數其次段中的“it’sactuallythesafetyaspectthathasconcernedsomeobservers”“attractoureyes”“theytakeourattentionawayforovertwoseconds，alengthoftimewhichhasprovedtobedangerousontheroads”可知，一些視察員真正擔憂的是平安問題，因為數碼廣告牌會分散駕駛員的留意力，從而導致危急。故選B。7.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthispassage?A.TheFutureofAdvertisingB.HighTechnologyinAdvertisingC.AWorldFloodedwithAdvertisingD.DifferentOpinionsonAdvertising答案A解析標題歸納題。縱觀全文，尤其是第一段中的“Imagineafuturewhere...ads”可知，本文主要講解并描述了將來廣告形式的相關內容，故A項作本文標題最佳。3話題：環境愛護難度：★★建議用時：7分鐘Theworldisliterallyagreenerplacethanitwas20yearsago，anddatafromNASAsatelliteshasrevealedasourceformuchofthisnewgreeningphenomenon：ChinaandIndia.Thisnewinsightwasmadepossiblebyanearly20-year-longdatarecordfromaNASAinstrumentorbitingtheEarthontwosatellites.Takenalltogether，thegreeningoftheplanetoverthelasttwodecadesrepresentsanincreaseinleafareaonplantsandtreesequaltotheareacoveredbyalltheAmazonrainforests.Therearenowmorethantwomillionsquaremilesofextragreenleafareaperyear，comparedtotheearly2000s—a5%increase.“ChinaandIndiaaccountforone-thirdofthegreening，butcontainonly9%oftheplanet’slandareacoveredinvegetation(植被)—asurprisingfinding，consideringthecommonphenomenonoflanddegradation(惡化)inpopulouscountriesfromoveruse，”saidChiChen，leadauthorofthestudy.“Thislong-termdataletsusdigdeeper，”saidRamaNemani，aco-authorofthenewwork.“WhenthegreeningoftheEarthwasfirstobserved，wethoughtitwasduetoawarmer，wetterclimateandfertilizationfromtheaddedcarbondioxide(CO2)intheatmosphere，leadingtomoreleafgrowthinnorthernforests.Now，withthedatathatletsusunderstandthephenomenonatreallysmallscales，weseethathumansarealsocontributing.”China’soutsizedcontributiontotheglobalgreeningtrendcomesinlargepart(42%)fromprogramstoconserveandexpandforests.Theseweredevelopedinanefforttoreducetheeffectsofsoilerosion，airpollutionandclimatechange.Another32%there—82%ofthegreeningseeninIndia—comesfromintensive(集約的)growingoffoodcrops.Howthegreeningtrendmaychangeinthefuturedependsonnumerousfactors，bothonaglobalscaleandthelocalhumanlevel.Forexample，increasedfoodproductioninIndiaispromotedbygroundwaterirrigation.Ifthegroundwaterisrunningout，thistrendmaychange.TheresearcherspointoutthatthegainingreennessseenaroundtheworldandledbyIndiaandChinadoesnotoffsetthedamagefromlossofnaturalvegetationintropicalregions，suchasBrazilandIndonesia.Theconsequencesforsustainabilityandbiodiversityinthoseecosystemsremain.Nemaniisprettyexcitedaboutthefindings，andnotjustbecausethegreener，thebetter.“Oncepeoplerealizethere’saproblem，theytendtofixit，”hesaid.“Inthe70sand80sinIndiaandChina，thesituationaroundvegetationlosswasn’tgood；inthe90s，peoplerealizedit；andtodaythingshaveimproved.Humansareincrediblyadaptable.”語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。NASA的衛星資料顯示，中國和印度的行動主導了地球變綠。8.TheEarthisgettinggreenermainlybecauseof.A.theexpandingofleafareaintropicalcountriesB.thedeterminedeffortstopreserveAmazonrainforestsC.thetree-plantingprogramsandintensiveagricultureD.afavorableclimateandincreasedCO2intheatmosphere答案C解析細微環節理解題。依據第一段中的“Theworldisliterallyagreenerplacethanitwas20yearsago，anddatafromNASAsatelliteshasrevealedasourceformuchofthisnewgreeningphenomenon：ChinaandIndia”和第五段中的“China’soutsizedcontributiontotheglobalgreeningtrendcomesinlargepart(42%)fromprogramstoconserveandexpandforests...India—comesfromintensive(集約的)growingoffoodcrops.”可知，中國和印度正引領著地球綠化的增加，而這主要源于中國的植樹安排和兩國的集約化農業。故選C。9.Whichofthefollowingstatementsmaytheresearchersagreewith?A.ThegreeningtrendinIndiawillcontinuetogoupwards.B.More“greening”meansbettercontrolofclimatechange.C.LandoverusethreatensthesuccessinthegreeningontheEarth.D.Thesustainabilityinglobalecosystemswillbegreatlyimproved.答案C解析推理推斷題。依據第三段的內容可知，中國和印度的綠化面積占全球綠化面積的三分之一，但僅有全球9%的植被覆蓋面積，考慮到人口稠密的國家普遍存在過度開發導致土地退化的現象，這是一個令人驚異的發覺。由此可推知，人們對土地的過度運用威逼著地球綠化的勝利。故選C。10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“offset”inthelastbutoneparagraphprobablymean?A.Prevent. B.Survive.C.Interrupt. D.Balance.答案D解析詞義揣測題。依據倒數其次段最終一句可知，巴西和印度尼西亞等熱帶地區的生態系統的可持續性和生物多樣性所受的負面影響仍舊存在。再結合第三段的內容可知，畫線詞所在句的含義應是：探討人員指出，印度和中國主導的全球綠化的增加并不能抵消巴西和印度尼西亞等熱帶地區自然植被削減所帶來的損失。offset是“抵消，彌補”之意，與balance“相抵，抵消”的含義相近。故選D。11.HowdoesNemanifeelaboutthefindings?A.Theyareapositiveindicatorofoverallhumannature.B.Theiraccuracyandreliabilityneedtobefurtherproved.C.Theyundervaluehumans’contributiontotheenvironment.D.Theirsignificanceforfutureresearchcannotbeoveremphasized.答案A解析推理推斷題。依據最終一段中的“Oncepeoplerealizethere’saproblem，theytendtofixit...”“...inthe90s，peoplerealizedit；andtodaythingshaveimproved.Humansareincrediblyadaptable.”可知，當人們意識到問題時，他們會想方法來解決。人類具有出乎意料的適應實力。由此可知，探討結果表明白人性主動的一面。故選A。題組訓練二1話題：文字的重要性難度：★★建議用時：7分鐘[2024·江西省名校(臨川一中、南昌二中)聯考]Astheinternationaldemandfornarrative(敘事的)film/TVcontentcontinuestoincreasewithpopularstreamingserviceslikeNetflixandothers，thetwoquestionsthencome：willthecominggenerationsreceivemostoftheirentertainmentthroughvisualmeansratherthanthroughthewrittenwordandwillsuchanincreaseofnarrativefilm/TVreducetheimportanceofreading?Growingexamplesofthistrendincludethediminishment(削減)offictioninthecommoncore(核心的)curriculum，theever-risingcultureofcomputergames，thewaveofstreamingservicesofwideinternationalreach，andmoviesfilledwithspecialeffectsmadeforchildrenandteenagers.Normustweignoretheeconomicdangersthatlieaheadforthewrittenword.Thenarrativefilmindustryisamoneymakerthatdwarfs(使黯然失色)thepublishingindustry.Theotherunderlyingquestion，ofcourse，is“doesitreallymatterifthewrittenwordbowstotheworldofnarrativefilm/TV？”Frommypointofview，anydiminishmentoffictiondeliveredbywordsisalossformankind.Thereisnogreaterhumanfeaturethantheimagination.Itliesattheverysoulofthehumanspecies.Itisthebrain’smostpowerfulengine.Itistheessentialmuscleoflifeandlikeallmusclesitmustbeexercisedandstrengthened.Writingandreadingaretheprincipaltoolsthatinspire，createandempowerourimagination.Anythingthatdiminishesthatpoweristheenemyofmankind.ItshouldbeknownthatIamnotopposedtonewmediaandtechnologicaladvances.Instead，Ihavealwaysfeltitnecessarytoadapttoadvancingtechnology.Infact，anumberofmynovelsareinvariousstagesofdevelopmentforfilm，TV，andlivestageproductions.Myhopeisthatthewrittenwordwillonlystandtobecomplemented(補充)byitsvisualcounterparts(對應物)，notpushedtotheedgeofextinction.Ofcourse，therearethosewhowillpresentargumentsforthesuperiorityofthemovingimageoverthewrittenword.Eachhasitsplace.Myargumentisforfindingtherightbalancebetweenitandthemovingimage.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文，介紹了敘事電影行業的發展讓文字變得黯然失色。作者認為文字是激發和增加我們想象力的重要工具，同時表達了對閱讀的命運的擔憂。1.Inwhatwaydoesnarrativefilm/TVembarrassthewrittenword?A.Economicbenefits.B.Internationalreach.C.Culturalinfluence.D.Educationalimportance.答案A解析細微環節理解題。依據其次段最終一句“Thenarrativefilmindustryisamoneymakerthatdwarfs(使黯然失色)thepublishingindustry.”可知，敘事電影行業是一個令出版行業黯然失色的賺錢行業，由此可知，敘事電影行業在經濟利益方面使文字變得尷尬。故選A。2.Whydoestheauthorvaluetheroleofthewrittenword?A.Itstrengthensourmuscles.B.Ithelpssharpenourimagination.C.Itdistinguishesmanfromeachother.D.Itpavesthewayfornarrativefilm/TV.答案B解析細微環節理解題。依據第五段第一句“Writingandreadingaretheprincipaltoolsthatinspire，createandempowerourimagination.”可知，寫作和閱讀是激發、創建和增加我們想象力的主要工具，由此可知，作者重視文字的作用是因為它能提高我們的想象力。故選B。3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstechnology?A.Cautious. B.Skeptical.C.Positive. D.Critical.答案C解析推理推斷題。依據倒數其次段其次句“Instead，Ihavealwaysfeltitnecessarytoadapttoadvancingtechnology.”可知，作者覺得有必要適應先進的技術，由此可推知，作者對技術持主動的看法。故選C項。4.What’stheauthorconcernedabout?A.Thefateofreading.B.Theextinctionoffiction.C.Theimpactofthewrittenword.D.Thefutureofthemovingimage.答案A解析細微環節理解題。依據倒數其次段最終一句“Myhopeisthatthewrittenwordwillonlystandtobecomplemented(補充)byitsvisualcounterparts(對應物)，notpushedtotheedgeofextinction.”可知，作者希望書面文字會得到視覺文字的補充，而不是被推到滅亡的邊緣，由此可知，作者擔憂的是閱讀的命運。故選A。2話題：養寵物難度：★★建議用時：7分鐘Owningalovable，cuddlypetcanunquestionablymakeone’shomelifebetter—andapparently，itcanaffectpetowners’professionallivesaswell.Infact，accordingtoanewsurvey，peoplewhohaveownedpetsmaybemoreprofessionallysuccessful.ThesurveywasconductedbyKeltonGlobalResearchforBanfieldPetHospital.Theresearcherssurveyed857adultsintheUnitedStateswithavarietyofcareers.AmongtheC-suiteexecutives(高管)surveyed,93percentgrewwithapetintheirhome，with78percentclaimingthatgrowingupwithapethelpedcausetheircareersuccessasanadult.Interestingly,83percentofC-suiteexecutiveswhoparticipatedsaidtheygrewupwithadog,59percentofthemsaidtheygrewupwithacat，and37percentofthemsaidtheygrewupwithanotherkindofpet.So，howexactlydoespetownershipcausecareersuccess？Well，accordingtoBanfield’sresearch，executivesreportedthattheirpethelpedteachthemlessonslikeresponsibility，creativity，sympathy，discipline，andorganization，whichhaveallbeeninvaluableinthebusinessworld.“AtBanfieldPetHospital，we’velongrecognizedthespecialbondbetweenpeopleandtheirpets，aswellasthepositiveimpactpetshaveonoursociety，”BrianGarish，presidentofBanfieldPetHospitalsaid.“Fromthepetownershiplessonswelearnedaschildren，tothewaysourfour-leggedfriendscurrentlyhelpusevolve，connectwithothers，andstaygrounded，ourlatestresearchsupportsthebeliefwe’vehadallalong—thattheremaybealinkbetweenpetsandtheirabilitytohelpshapeusaspeople.”Butwhataboutpeoplewhogrewuppet-less，buthaveadoptedpetsasadults?Accordingtotheresearch,86percentofcurrentpetparentssurveyedsaidowningpetshelpsthemsticktoaroutine，bettermanagetheirtime，andmoreefficientlymultitask.Butevenifyoudon’tthinkyourpethasdirectlyhelpedyou，yourcoworkers’knowledgethatyouhaveapetmayactuallybebeneficialforyourcareer.Infact,80percentofpeoplesurveyedsaidthey“feelmoreconnectedwithcolleagueswhoarepetowners”and79percentofthosesurveyedbelievedthatfellowco-workerswhohavepetsare“hardworkers”.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。養一只可愛的寵物無疑會讓家庭生活更美妙，而且這好像還能影響到寵物主子的職業生涯。一項最新調查顯示，養寵物的人在職業上會更加勝利。5.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheresearch?A.Theparticipantswererandomlyselected.B.ThemajorityofAmericansliketoraisepets.C.Keepingdogsismorerewardingthankeepingcats.D.Manyparticipantsgrewupwithmultiplekindsofpets.答案D解析推理推斷題。依據其次段最終一句可知，受調查的高管中，83%的人說和寵物狗一起長大，59%的人說和寵物貓一起長大，37%的人說和其他種類的寵物一起長大。這些比例的總和超過100%，由此可推知，許多受調查者家里不止一種寵物。故選D。6.Accordingtotheresearch，acolleaguewhoownsapetisbelievedto.A.havemorepatienceB.bemoreaccessibleC.possessahigherIQD.takeworkmoreseriously答案B解析細微環節理解題。依據最終一段中的“Infact,80percentofpeoplesurveyedsaidthey‘feelmoreconnectedwithcolleagueswhoarepetowners’”可知，80%的受調查者說，他們和養寵物的同事感覺更親近，故飼養寵物的人更簡單接近。故選B。7.Whatisthemainthemeofthepassage?A.Owningpetsensuresyouasuccessfullife.B.Raisingpetsteachesyoumanygoodvalues.C.Havingpetshelpsindividualssucceedincareers.D.Raisingpetsispopularamongsuccessfulpeople.答案C解析主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段中的“peoplewhohaveownedpetsmaybemoreprofessionallysuccessful”可知，本文的主題是“養寵物的人在職業上可能會更加勝利”，故C項最能概括文章的主要內容。3話題：蔬菜種植新方式難度：★建議用時：7分鐘MostofBangladeshisatorbelowsealevel.Risingseawaterslinkedtoclimatechangehasseverelyaffectedthecountry.Highwaterfromstormsincoastalareasalsoaddssalttosoil.Thelandisbecomingsalty.Cropsarelessproductiveandmanyareasofcroplandinthecountryarebecomingunfitforfarming.Thesearebigproblemsforthesmallcountry.Morethan155millionpeopleliveinBangladesh.GrowingcropsisthemostcommonwayBangladeshissupportthemselves.Tofindawayout，farmersinthecountryarelearningtogrowvegetablesinso-called“verticalgardens”.Thesoilinthesegardensisbetterbecauseheavyrainshaveremovedmuchofthesalt.Averticalgardeniseasytomake.Villagersfillcontainerswithgoodsoilandnaturalfertilizers.Theyputthecontainersonbrickssotheyareofftheground.Theyaddpiecesofthebrickstothesoiltohelpwaterflowanddrain(排水).Thefarmerscutsmallholesintothesidesofthecontainers.Thispermitsvegetableswithshortrootsaplacetogrow.Vegetableswithlongrootsgrowontopofthecontainer.Onebagofsoilcanproduceuptoeightkilogramsofvegetablesinoneseason.Thefarmersalsogrowvegetablesincontainersmadefromlarge，thinpiecesofplasticsupportedbybamboo.This“verticaltower”measuresmorethanameterwide.Eachofthesetowerscanproducemorethan100kilogramsofvegetables.Itcostsabout$12－$13tobuild.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。“農作物產量削減”是孟加拉國的一個大問題。為了找到出路，這個國家的農夫正在學習在所謂的“垂直花園”里種植蔬菜。8.WhatismentionedasabigproblemforBangladesh?A.Severeclimateconditions.B.Toomanypeopletosupport.C.Lackofenoughfreshwater.D.Reducedcropproductivity.答案D解析細微環節理解題。依據第一段中的“Cropsarelessproductiveandmanyareasofcroplandinthecountryarebecomingunfitforfarming.Thesearebigproblemsforthesmallcountry.”可知，“農作物產量削減”是孟加拉國的一個大問題。故選D。9.Whichmainlymakesvegetablegrowinginverticalgardenssuccessful?A.Placesinthesoilforroots.B.Heavyrainskeptinthesoil.C.Thegoodsoilwithlittlesalt.D.Brickpiecesaddedtothesoil.答案C解析細微環節理解題。依據其次段其次句“Thesoilinthesegardensisbetterbecauseheavyrainshaveremovedmuchofthesalt.”可知，少鹽的好土讓垂直花園的蔬菜種植勝利。故選C。10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inParagraph3referto?A.Bricks. B.Fertilizers.C.Villagers. D.Containers.答案D解析代詞指代題。依據第三段可知，垂直花園很簡單建立。村民們用好土和自然肥料裝滿容器。他們把容器放在磚上，這樣它們就離地了。他們在土壤中加入磚塊來幫助水流和排水。由此推知畫線詞they指代的是“容器”。故選D。11.Whatcanweinferabouttheverticaltower?A.Itisofftheground.B.Itdrainsveryimproperly.C.Itusesbambooforcontainers.D.Itisunfitforgrowingvegetables.答案A解析推理推斷題。依據最終一段前兩句“Thefarmersalsogrowvegetablesincontainersmadefromlarge，thinpiecesofplasticsupportedbybamboo.This‘verticaltower’measuresmorethanameterwide.”可知，農夫們也在由竹子支撐的大而薄的塑料片制成的容器里種植蔬菜。這個“verticaltower”有一米多寬。故選A。題組訓練三1話題：科技獨創難度：★★建議用時：8分鐘EvenwhentheruggedexpansesoftheGreatSmokyMountainswereburstingwiththeirfamousfallcolors，theyalwayslookeddullblackandyellowishtoVanLewfromthe3,590-foot-highperchofMountHarrison.For20-year-oldVanLew，whohasbeencolor-blindhiswholelife，somecolorshavejustbeenlefttotheimagination.Helovespainting，buthiswifeMollyhastohelphimpickandmixcolors.Lastweek，however，whenVanLewvisitedthescenicmountaintopagainandlookedthroughaspecialviewfinder，forthefirsttimehesawyellows，orangesandredsexplodingacrossthelandscape.“Redisthebiggestdifference.Imean，Ican’tdescribeit，”saidVanLew.“It’sthemostbeautifulthingI’veeverseeninmylife.Thatred，it’sjustlovely.It’sunbelievable.”Acolor-blindviewfinderwhichletspeopleenjoycolorsthattheymayhaveneverseenbeforewasfixedonthetopoftheOberGatlinburgresort(旅游勝地)bytheTennesseeDepartmentofTouristDevelopmentlastWednesday.Itisoneofthreeinthestate.TheothertwoviewfindersareatscenicareasofBigSouthForkNationalRiverandRecreationAreanearOneida，andattheWestboundInterstate26overlooknearErwininUnicoiCounty.Althoughthetechnologyisn’tnew—eyeglassesthatletcolor-blindpeopleseecolorsarealreadyavailable—stateofficialsbelievethisisthefirsttimeit’sbeenincludedinaviewfinder，atacostof$2,000each，tohelppeoplewithred-greencolor-blindness.Howclearlytheviewfindersshownewcolorscanvaryfrompersontopersonamongthe13millionorsopeoplewithcolor-blindnessinthecountry.StatetourismofficialsinvitedpeopletotryitoutlastThursdayatOberGatlinburg.Theybroughtthemupbyskilift，butleftthedetailssomewhatvaguetomaintaintheelementofsurprise.Acameracrewfilmedtheirreactionsformarketingmaterial.Theirfirstlookdrewtears，smilesandastonishedfaceswithwonderandawe.“Myheartjuststartedbeatingfast，”saidToddHeil，whogenerallysawalotofgreen.“Ifeltlikecrying，man.Toomanypeoplearound.”ForVanLew，nothinglooksthesamenow.Itcanbealittlediscouragingtoknowwhathe’sbeenmissing，butthepossibilityoftappingintoalong-unseenworldoflivelycolorsisuplifting.“It’sgoingtoenablemorepeopletoexperiencethebeautythatwelivein，thatIdidn’tknowwelivedin，”hesaid.語篇解讀本文是說明文。OberGatlinburg最近安裝了色盲取景器，使色盲者能看到五彩世界。1.WhydoestheauthorrefertoVanLew’swife?A.Totellushehasahappymarriagelife.B.Tostresstheimportanceofcolorsinpainting.C.Toshowtheinconveniencehisconditioncaused.D.Toletusknowhowoptimisticheistowardslife.答案C解析細微環節理解題。依據第一段中的“20-year-oldVanLew，whohasbeencolor-blindhiswholelife”可知，VanLew是色盲者，緊接著本段最終一句就提到“Helovespainting，buthiswifeMollyhastohelphimpickandmixcolors.”，目的是表明色盲這種疾病給他帶來了不便，故C項正確。2.WhatcanweknowabouttheGreatSmokyMountains?A.Itisdullblackandyellowishallyearround.B.ItiswheretheOberGatlinburgresortlies.C.Itisequippedwiththreecolor-blindviewfinders.D.Itisthefirstplaceinthestatetouseaviewfinder.答案B解析推理推斷題。依據其次段的內容可知，VanLew再次上了山頂，這次他看到了各種顏色；第三段告知我們在OberGatlinburg旅游勝地安裝了色盲取景器。由此可推斷OberGatlinburg旅游勝地在GreatSmokyMountains，故B項正確。3.Whydidthestatetourismofficialsgivefewdetails?A.Becausetheytriedtomakeafilm.B.Becausetheyhadnowaytodescribethem.C.Becausethefantasticbeautywasbeyondwords.D.Becausetheywantedagreateffectofadvertisement.答案D解析推理推斷題。依據第五段中的“...tomaintaintheelementofsurprise.Acameracrewfilmedtheirreactionsformarketingmaterial.”可知，州旅游部門的官員們之所以模糊處理細微環節是為了達到好的廣告宣揚效果，故D項正確。4.HowdoesVanLewfindhisseeingtherealworldofcolors?A.Bittersweet. B.Thrilling.C.Regrettable. D.Calming.答案A解析推理推斷題。依據最終一段中的“ForVanLew...Itcanbealittlediscouragingtoknowwhathe’sbeenmissing，butthepossibilityoftappingintoalong-unseenworldoflivelycolorsisuplifting.”可知，VanLew既為之前所錯過的感到懊喪，又為能看到以前沒看到的感到快樂，故bittersweet“甜中有苦的，既有快樂又有哀痛的”正確。2話題：壓力大的負面影響難度：★★建議用時：7分鐘Stressinmiddleagecanmakeyourbrainshrinkandmakeyourmemoryworse，scientistshavediscovered.Thebrain-reducingeffectsofstress，identifiedinpeopleintheir40sfreefromdementia—aseriousmentaldisordercausedbybraindiseaseorinjury，werefoundtobesetoffbycortisol(皮質醇).Thehighlevelsofthestresshormonemaybeanearlywarningsignthatsomeonemayendupwithdementia，theresearchsuggests.Stressalsomadepeople’sthinkingskillsworse，theHarvardMedicalSchoolstudy，publishedinthejournalNeurology，found.Fortheresearch，scientistsledbyDrJustinB.Echouffo-Tcheuguistudied2,231peoplewithanaverageageof49andfreeofdementia.Hesaid，“Ourresearchdetectedmemorylossandbrainshrinkageinmiddle-agedpeoplebeforesymptomsstartedtoshow.Soit’simportantforpeopletofindwaystoreducestress，suchasgettingenoughsleep，takingpartinmoderate(適度的)exercise，makingrelaxationtechniquespartoftheirdailylives，oraskingtheirdoctorabouttheircortisollevelsandtakingacortisol-reducingmedicationifneeded.”Healsoadded，“It’simportantforphysicianstogiveprofessionaladvicetoallpeoplewithhighercortisollevels.”Atthestartofthestudy，eachparticipantdidtestsontheirmemoryandthinkingskills.Theneightyearslatertheyrepeatedtheexercises.Asubsetofthegroup,2,018people，alsohadanMRIbrainscantomeasurethevolumeoftheirbrain.Oncetheresultswereadjustedforage，sex，smokingandthebodymassindex(BMI)，researchersfoundlowerscoresontestsofmemoryandthinkinginpeoplewithhigherlevelsofcortisolthanthosewithaveragelevels.Inaddition，peoplewithhighercortisollevelshadasmallerbrainvolume，withthosewithhighcortisollevelshavingbrainsthatwere88.5percentofthetotalcranialvolume.Thiswascomparedto88.7percentofthetotalcranialvolumeforpeoplewithnormallevelsofthehormone.Nolinkswerefoundbetweenlowlevelsofcortisolandbrainsize.Cortisolhelpsthebodyrespondtostressandwhenwearestressed，cortisollevelsincreasebecausethatisourfight-or-flightresponse.Itcanalsohelpreduceinflammation(發炎)，controlbloodsugarandbloodpressure，regulatemetabolismandhelpwithimmuneresponse.Highcortisollevelscanbecausedbystress，medicalconditionsormedications.“Cortisolaffectsmanydifferentfunctionssoitisimportanttofullyinvestigatehowhighlevelsofthehormonemayaffectthebrain，”DrEchouffo-Tcheuguisaid.“Whileotherstudieshaveexaminedcortisolandmemory，webelieveourlarge，community-basedstudyisthefirsttoexplore，inmiddle-agedpeople，cortisollevelsandbrainvolume，aswellasmemoryandthinkingskills.”語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。探討表明，中年壓力過大會導致記憶力下降和大腦萎縮。5.WhatmayDrEchouffo-Tcheuguisuggestpeopledoaboutstress-reducing?A.Gotothedoctor’sregularly.B.Rideabicyclearoundalake.C.Earlytobedandearlytorise.D.Strengthenthesocialnetwork.答案B解析推理推斷題。依據其次段中的“suchasgettingenoughsleep，takingpartinmoderate(適度的)exercise，makingrelaxationtechniquespartoftheirdailylives”可知，DrEchouffo-Tcheugui給人們供應的減壓方法有獲得足夠睡眠，適度熬煉，把放松技巧融入日常生活等。再結合四個選項可知，“沿湖騎自行車”屬于“適度熬煉”的范疇。故選B。6.Whichstatementaboutcortisolmaytheauthoragreewith?A.Themorestressedonefeels，thehigherhiscortisollevelsare.B.Highercortisollevelsareassociatedwithlargerbrainvolume.C.Ageandgenderplayabigroleintheparticipants’cortisollevels.D.Peoplewithhighcortisollevelswillsufferfromhighbloodpressure.答案A解析細微環節理解題。依據倒數其次段中的“Cortisolhelpsthebodyrespondtostressandwhenwearestressed，cortisollevelsincrease”可知，當人們感受到壓力時，人體內的皮質醇水平會上升。由此可知，人們感受到的壓力越大，體內的皮質醇水平就會越高。故選A。7.What’sthepossibledirectionforfutureresearchimpliedinthepassage?A.Howhighcortisollevelsaffecthumanbrains.B.Thelinkbetweencortisollevelsandmemory.C.Howcortisolaffectspeople’sbodilyfunctions.D.Thelinkbetweencortisollevelsandbrainsize.答案A解析細微環節理解題。依據最終一段中的“soitisimportanttofullyinvestigatehowhighlevelsofthehormonemayaffectthebrain”可知，本文示意的一個將來的探討方向可能是高皮質醇水平是如何對人腦產生影響的。故選A。8.Whydoestheauthorwritethispassage?A.Tosuggesttheefficientwaystoreducestress.B.Topresentthefeaturesandfunctionsofcortisol.C.Toexplainhowcortisolaffectspeople’sstresslevel.D.Toshowstresscancausememorylossandbrainshrinkage.答案D解析寫作意圖題。縱觀全文，尤其是第一段中的“makeyourbrainshrinkandmakeyourmemoryworse”以及其次段中的“Ourresearchdetectedmemorylossandbrainshrinkageinmiddle-agedpeople”可知，本文主要介紹了一項探討發覺，即中年壓力過大會導致記憶力下降和大腦萎縮。而作者寫作本文就是為了告知讀者這一項探討發覺，故D項最能概括寫作意圖。3話題：寵物肥胖的緣由難度：★★★建議用時：8分鐘Untillastyear，Borriswouldneverturndownaporksteak.HewaspartialtoicecreamduringthesummerandlovedtheSundayroastinthewinter—includingbeef，pigsinblankets，mashedpotatoes，andaselectionofvegetables.Bythetimehisowner，AnnemarieFormoy，enteredhiminthePDSAPetFitClubcompetition，whichhelpsov