Restrictiverelativeclauses(2)Unit5LanguagesAroundtheWorldDiscoveringUsefulStructures語法思考：定語從句的關系副詞有哪些？關系副詞判定依據是什么？本節語法導讀在句子中作定語，修飾名詞或代詞的從句。這種從句由關系代詞或關系副詞引導，并作句子成分。定語從句還叫做嵌入句，因形容詞定語，所以又稱之為形容詞性從句。定語從句的位置：通常在先行詞（在主句中）后。定語從句的引導詞關系代詞關系副詞指人指物who(主語、賓語),whom(賓語)，that(主語、賓語),whose(定語)that(主語、賓語),which(主語、賓語),whose(定語)where(地點狀語)when(時間狀語)why(原因狀語)

如何判定用關系代詞還是用關系副詞1.找出定語從句中是否主語和賓語都齊全。如齊全用關系副詞。用什么關系副詞看先行詞。Iwillneverforgetthedays(_____Istayedwithyou).whenJurassicParkisaboutapark______(averyrichmankeepsdifferentkindsofdinosaurs).where1958wastheyear______(Spielbergmadehisfirstrealfilm).Pleasegivemethereason_____(youmadesuchagreatsuccess).whenwhyMorningisthebesttime______(youpractisereadingaloud).whenDoyourememberthelake_______(youfirstmetyourgirlfriend.）where2.如定語從句中缺賓語，確定定語從句的謂語動詞是不是及物動詞，如是，用關系代詞，如不是，用關系副詞。Yesterdaywewenttovisitthehouse______(thegreatwriterusedtolive).whereinwhichThehouse_________(theybuiltin1987)stayedupintheearthquake.which/thatLuckilynoneofthepeople_____________(Iknow)werekilledintheearthquake.who/whom/thatMyfatherwasbornintheyear______(theSecondWorldWarbrokeout).inwhichwhen3.如定語從句中謂語結構是被動結構，有主語，則用關系副詞。Kunmingisabeautifulplace______(flowersareseenalltheyearround).whereOctober1stistheday______(newChinawasfounded).whenThewindow(_________wasopenedthismorning)hasbeenbroken.which/thatThemeeting(_________willbeheldnextweek)isveryimportant.which/that

定語從句中關系副詞的使用精講1.定語從句中關系副詞有：

when,where,why2.關系副詞在定語從句中所作的成份：

關系副詞在定語從句中都作狀語。

when作時間狀語；where作地點狀語；why作原因狀語。Herememberthedaywhenhisfatherdied.

IwentbacktotheplacewhereIwasbornandgrewup.Pleasegivemethereasonwhyyouwerelatethistime.when作時間狀語，意為onthedaywhere作地點狀語，意為intheplacewhy作原因狀語，意為forthereason3.并非先行詞是表示時間、地點和原因的詞時都用when,where,why，若先行詞在定語從句中不作狀語，而是作主語或賓語，就必須用which或that。如：

Weoftenthinkofthedayswhichwespenttogetherinthecountryside.which在定語從句中作賓語比較:Weoftenthinkofthedayswhenweworkedtogetherinthecountryside.when在定語從句中作時間狀語，相當于onthedays。Webelievethereasonthathetoldus.

Thereasonwhy/forwhichhewasabsentyesterdayisstillunknown.Thisisthehouse(which/that)heusedtolivein.Thisisthehouseinwhich/whereheusedtolive.Iknowofaplace(which/that)wecanswimin.Iknowofaplaceinwhich/where

wecanswim.關系副詞where【即學即練】1.Thisisthefactory________Ivisitedlastyear.2.Thisisthefactory_______Iworkedlastyear.3.Thisisthefactory_______producesallkindsofTVsets.A.where B.which C.whom D.whose【答案】1和3選B.which。2選A.where。【解析】做這種題時，要看先行詞與定語從句中謂語動詞之間的關系。1.中是動賓關系，即Ivisitedthefactory，因此選which；2.中factory應在定語從句中作地點狀語，即：Iworkedinthefactory，因此選where；3.中是作定語從句中的主語，不作地點狀語，因此選which。They’llneverforgetJuly1_____HongKongreturnedtoitsmotherland.Thedays______weusedforeignoilaregoneforever.when=onwhichwhen=onwhich關系副詞when試比較：Doyoustillremembertheday___________wespenthappilytogether?Doyoustillremembertheday______wespentourholidayhappilytogether?Doyoustillremembertheday______wewenttovisittheSummerPalace?(which/that)whenwhen【即學即練】1.Iwillneverforgettheday_______wespenttogether.2.Iwillneverforgettheday_______weworkedtogether.A.which B.when C.where D.what【即學即練】ABwhy在定語從句中作原因狀語，相當于“介詞for+關系代詞which”。如：Doyouknowthereasonwhyshewaslate?Itrainedheavily,forwhichhewaslatefortheclass.關系副詞why關系副詞when,where,why可以用適當的介詞+which來替代。如：when=in/on/at/during…+which,where=in/on/at…+which,why=for+which總結

介詞的位置介詞的位置非常靈活，有時放在關系代詞之前，有時放在動詞之后。eg.1.Iwon’tforgetthedate

when(onwhich)Iwasborn.2.Thisistheroom

where(inwhich)Ilived.=Thisistheroom

whichIlivedin.3.Idon’tknowthereason

why(forwhich)hehaven’tcometoday.4.Tomstillremembersthedays

when(inwhich)theylivedinTianjin.Thefilm(____________Ifellasleep)wasveryboring.Thepainting(________Ilooked)waspaintedbyme.atwhichThebook(___________Iheard)waswrittentwentyyearsago.aboutwhichThepen(__________shewrotethatbook)cannowbeseeninamuseum.withwhichKunmingisabeautifulplace______________(flowersareseenalltheyearround).where/inwhichIwillneverforgottheday______________(Ifirstmetyouontheship).when/onwhichduringwhich結論：只有當介詞+關系代詞充當地點狀語、時間狀語或原因狀語時，才能用關系副詞代替。【即學即練】

介詞的選用原則1.Thepersonwhom/who/thatyoushouldwritetoisMr.Ball.2.Thepenwhichheiswritingwithnowwasboughtyesterday.3.Thegaswhichwecannotlivewithoutiscalledoxygen.preposition+relativepronounsThepen_________heiswritingnowwasboughtyesterday.Thegas____________wecannotliveiscalledoxygenTheperson________youshouldwriteisMr.Ball.towhomwithwhichwithoutwhich根據定語從句中謂語動詞的習慣搭配來決定。如：①Thisisthebookonwhich

Ispent8yuan.

②Thisisthebookforwhich

Ipaid8yuan.

spendmoneyonsth.為固定搭配paymoneyforsth.為固定搭配2)根據先行詞的搭配習慣來決定。如：①IrememberthedayonwhichIjoinedtheLeague.②IrememberthedaysduringwhichIlivedhere.③IrememberthemonthinwhichIstayedthere.強調在具體某一天要用介詞on強調在某幾天時間內要用介詞during在month前介詞要用in3)根據從句中動詞與先行詞的邏輯關系。

Isthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles?4)根據從句中形容詞的習慣搭配。

Canyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhich

I’mnotsure？5)含有介詞的短語動詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在短語動詞的后面。

如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。如：①Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.

這是我正在找的手表。

ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.正誤②Thebabies(whom/who/that)thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.

那個保姆照看的小寶寶們都很健康。

Thebabiesafterwhomthenurseislookingareveryhealthy.正誤6)以theway為先行詞的限制性定語從句通常由inwhich或that引導，而且通常可以省略。如：

Theway

(that/inwhich/--)

heansweredthequestionswassurprising.

他回答這些問題的方式令人驚奇。

Idon’tliketheway

(that/inwhich/--)

youlaughather.

我不喜歡你嘲笑她的樣子。7)“介詞+關系代詞”前或后還可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代詞或者數詞。如：①Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothof

whom

areverykindtohim.

他深深地愛著他的父母，他們倆待他都很好。②Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhich(=ofwhichsome)havegonebad.

籃子里有好些蘋果，有些已經壞了。③Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhom(=ofwhommost)arefrombigcities.

我們班總共有40個學生，大多數來自大城市。④Uptonow,hehaswrittentenstories,threeofwhich(=ofwhichthree)areaboutcountrylife.

迄今為止，他寫了10部小說，其中三部是關于農村生活的。Haveyoumettheperson___________hewasspeaking?Heistheman________youcanturnforhelp.Thefarm____