七、定語從句1/48考點15組易混關系代詞使用方法辨析1.只用that不用which情況(1)先行詞是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等不定代詞時。*Allthatyouneedtodoisfocusononething.2/48(2)先行詞被theonly,any,few,no,very等修飾時。*Australiaistheonlycountrythatisalsoacontinent.(3)先行詞是形容詞最高級或序數詞或被形容詞最高級、序數詞修飾時。*ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatI’veeverseen.(4)先行詞為人、物并用時。*Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?3/48(5)主句主語是疑問詞who或which時。*Whichisthebikethatyoulost?(6)先行詞在主句中作表語,而關系代詞也在從句中作表語時。*Shandongisnolongertheprovincethatitusedtobe.4/482.只用which不用that情況(1)關系代詞前有介詞時。*IsthisthehouseinwhichShakespearewasborn?(2)引導非限制性定語從句時。*Beforepeopleretire,theyusuallyplantodoalotofgreatthings,whichtheyneverhadtimetodowhileworking.5/48(3)先行詞為that/those時。*What’sthatwhichwasputinthecar?(4)which用作定語時。*Hemaybelate,inwhichcaseweoughttowaitforhim.6/483.thesame...as與thesame...thatthesame...as表示相同或同類東西;thesame...that表示同一人或物①Thisisthesamebookashelentmelastweek.這與他上星期借給我那本書屬于同一類。②Thisisthesamebookthathelentmelastweek.這是他上星期借給我那本書。7/484.such/so...as與such/so...thatsuch/so...as(定語從句)像……那樣(as在從句中作主語、賓語等);such/so...that(狀語從句)如此……以至于(that在從句中不作任何成份)①ThisissuchaneasyquestionasIcananswer.②ThisissuchaneasyquestionthatIcananswerit.8/485.as與which(1)as引導非限制性定語從句既能夠放在主句前,也能夠放在主句后,有時還可插入主句中。which引導非限制性定語從句通常放在主句之后。(2)as意為“正如……”,后面謂語動詞多用see,know,expect,say,mention,report等;which意為“這一點”或“這件事”等。9/48①NeedforSpeedisaverysuccessfulfilm,asisknowntoall.②Thesportsmeetingwasputoff,whichastonishedus.10/48【典例剖析】用適當關系詞填空(·安徽高考)Theexactyear__________AngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas.11/48解題關鍵:本題先行詞為year,考生首先會想到when。但當先行詞為時間、地點名詞時,用關系副詞還是關系代詞取決于該詞在定語從句中充當什么句子成份。本題定語從句中謂語動詞spent為及物動詞,故從句中缺乏賓語,關系詞代替先行詞作其賓語。答案判定:which/that12/48【高考題組】用適當關系詞填空/改錯1.(·全國卷Ⅰ)Maybeyouhaveahabit__________isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.2.(·全國卷Ⅰ)Thecity’s“psychologycafes”,______offergreatcomfort,areamongthemostpopularplaces.3.(·全國卷Ⅰ)Trustisalearnedbehavior__________wegainfrompastexperiences.that/whichwhichthat/which13/484.(·全國卷Ⅱ)Havingteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner,thatmightnotbeserveduntil8o’clockatnight.(改錯)_____________that改為which14/48考點2關系代詞who,whom,whose1.who和whom使用方法(1)先行詞為one,ones,anyone,those指代人時或表示人名詞時。*ThepersonIwanttotalkaboutwithyouisTuYouyou,theonewhowontheNobelPrizeformedicinein.15/48(2)在Therebe結構中,修飾主語定語從句宜用關系代詞who指代人。*There’sagentlemanwhowantstoseeyou.

(3)一個句子中帶有兩個修飾人定語從句,其中一個定語從句關系代詞是that,另一個宜用who以防止重復。*Thestudentthatwaspraisedatyesterday’smeetingisthemonitorwhoisverymodestandworksveryhard.16/48(4)當關系代詞前面有介詞時,只能用whom,whom在定語從句中作介詞賓語時,介詞可放在后面,也可提前組成介詞+whom(先行詞指人)結構。*Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people,manyofwhomlefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.17/482.whose使用方法whose指人或物,作定語,表示“……”,可轉換為“of+關系代詞”,指人時可用ofwhom;指物時可用ofwhich。*Theprizewillgotothewriterwhosestory/of

whomthestoryshowsthemostimagination.18/48【點津】關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時,從句謂語動詞人稱和數要和先行詞保持一致。*Tomistheonlyoneoftheengineerswhohascomeupwiththesolution.

19/48【典例剖析】用適當關系詞填空(·全國卷Ⅲ)SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,______livedfromroughly551to479B.C.,influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.20/48解題關鍵:該句為非限制性定語從句,先行詞是Confucius,定語從句中缺乏主語,應用who引導定語從句。答案判定:who21/48【高考題組】用適當關系詞填空1.(·北京高考)Ilivenextdoortoacouple______childrenoftenmakealotofnoise.2.(·全國卷Ⅱ)Thisyear,25,310students____haveacceptedplacesinhighereducationinstitutionshaveputofftheirentryuntilnextyear.whosewho22/483.(·全國卷Ⅱ)Students____takeawell-plannedyearoutaremorelikelytobesatisfiedwith,andcomplete,theirchosencourse.4.(·陜西高考)Asalesman____isnotpunctualmaynotmakeasaleifhearriveslateforanappointment.

whowho23/48考點3關系副詞when,where,why1.when使用方法先行詞為“時間名詞”,可用when引導定語從句,when在定語從句中作狀語,也可用“介詞+which”結構代替。*Thedaysaregonewhenphysicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.

24/482.where使用方法(1)先行詞是“地點名詞”,定語從句可用where引導,where在從句中作狀語,也可用“介詞+which”結構代替。*Theupperfloorisaquietzonewithoverathousandplacesforsilentreading,andplaceswhereyoucansitandworkwithyourowncomputer.25/48(2)假如定語從句修飾point,situation,position,condition和case等表示抽象意義詞,慣用where引導,意思是“到了某種地步,在某種境況下”(前提是從句中缺乏狀語)。*Youreachapointwheremedicinecan’thelp.26/483.why使用方法先行詞是表示原因名詞reason時,能夠用why引導定語從句,why在定語從句中作原因狀語,也可用forwhich替換。能夠把此時句子切記為一個固定句型,即Thereasonwhy...is/wasthat...,意為“……原因是……”。27/48*Thereasonwhy/forwhichhedidn’tattendthemeetingwasthathewasill.28/48【點津】(1)選擇關系代詞或關系副詞標準:在選擇關系詞時,最主要是分析定語從句中所缺成份。若從句中缺主語、賓語、定語或表語,必須用關系代詞;若從句中不缺主語、賓語、定語或表語,必須用關系副詞。29/48*Thisisthemountainvillagethat/whichIvisitedlastyear.(關系詞在從句中作賓語)*IwillneverforgetthedaywhenmyfatherreturnedfromAmerica.(關系詞在從句中作狀語)30/48(2)當way表示方法、方式作先行詞,且后面定語從句缺方式狀語時能夠用that或inwhich引導,也能夠省略關系詞。假如后面定語從句中缺乏賓語,要用that或which引導,也能夠省略關系詞。*Idon’tlikethewaythat/inwhich/不填hespeakstohismother.31/48【典例剖析】用適當關系詞填空(·全國卷Ⅰ)ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,______IwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermittedtofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.32/48解題關鍵:此處表示當初我是第一個西方記者,依據句子結構可知,本句是一個非限制性定語從句,其先行詞為mid-1980s,故應該使用when表示時間。答案判定:when33/48【高考題組】用適當關系詞填空1.(·天津高考)Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,_____theweathermaybebetter.2.(·湖北高考)Thereason____theponiesherearenaughtyisthatHaytorisatourist-heavyarea.whenwhy34/483.(·廣東高考)Whenharvestcamearound,hewasalreadysellingherbs,vegetablesandcottoninthemarket______peoplefromthetownsmetregularly.4.(·全國卷Ⅰ)Thehardwoodforests______passengerpigeonsnestedhadbeendamagedbyAmericans’needforwood.

wherewhere35/48考點4介詞+關系代詞6個考查點1.考查定語從句中動詞與介詞搭配*Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergytowhichwemayreturninthenearfuture.2.考查定語從句中形容詞與介詞搭配習慣*HereferredmetosomereferencebookswithwhichIamnotveryfamiliar.

36/483.考查依據句意或者先行詞與介詞搭配習慣確定介詞*Iamlookingformyglasses,withoutwhichIcan’twatchTVclearly.37/484.考查表示所屬關系ofwhich/whom*Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstructionof

which/whoseconstructionhadtakenmorethanthreeyears.注意:the+n.+ofwhich(whom)可與whose+n.交換。38/485.考查表示整體與部分關系ofwhich/whom*Thebuses,mostofwhichwerealreadyfull,weresurroundedbytheangrycrowd.6.考查表示同位關系ofwhich/whom*Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneofwhomIhadevermetbefore.39/48【點津】選擇介詞3個標準:①依據句子意思表示需要;②依據從句中動詞或形容詞與介詞搭配習慣;③依據先行詞和介詞搭配習慣。40/48【辨析】定語從句與幾個句式和從句區分與并列句區分假如兩個句子之間是分號,或有and,but,so等連接詞,則這兩個句子為并列句;假如兩個句子之間是逗號,且沒有上述連接詞,則這兩個句子之間就是主從關系,須有一個引導詞引導定語從句與強調句型區分判斷強調句型關鍵在于把強調結構“Itis/was...that/who...”去掉后,主句意思和結構是完整41/48與狀語從句區分狀語從句通常沒有先行詞,整個從句在復合句中作時間、地點或原因等狀語,而定語從句是對先行詞起修飾限定作用42/48與同位語從句區分①定語從句對先行詞起修飾、限定作用;而同位語從句對先行詞起解