電源控制柜工作原理Speaker主講人Zhangjia張嘉ZHENGZHOURAILWAYVOCATIONAL&TECHNICALCOLLEGE客車電氣裝置/BUSELECTRICALINSTALLATION電源控制柜工作原理早期制造目前仍在運用中的25G、25K型空調客車均采用集中供電方式，通過車端電力連接器和車下主干線，將發電車的電源傳輸到列車中的各輛客車。Theearlymanufactured25Gand25Kair-conditionedpassengercarsstilluseacentralizedpowersupplymethod.Thepowerfromthegeneratorcaristransmittedtoeachpassengercarinthetrainthroughthevehicle-sidepowerconnectorandthemainlineunderthecar.雙路主干線供電采用AC380V/220V，頻率50Hz三相四線制供電模式。ThedualmainlinepowersupplyadoptsanAC380V/220V,50Hzthree-phasefour-wirepowersupplymode.每車應急電源箱與蓄電池共同構成本車直流DC48V供電系統。Eachcar’semergencypowersupplyboxandbatterytogetherconstitutetheDC48Vpowersupplysystemforthecar.電源控制柜工作原理25G、25K型空調客車電氣裝置基本相同，按所在車輛的不同位置可分為：Theelectricaldevicesofthe25Gand25Kair-conditionedpassengercarsarethesame.Theycanbedividedintothefollowingcategoriesbasedontheirlocationsinthevehicle:車底電氣裝置Undercarriageelectricaldevices:車底兩路供電干線布置在貫穿車底架的兩條長圓型冷拔金屬線管內，通過設在車下的接線箱與車端連接器及配電室的電源控制柜相連。Twopowersupplymainlinesarrangedintwolongcylindricalmetalconduitsthattraversetheundercarriageframe.Theyareconnectedtothepowercontrolcabinetinthedistributionroomthroughthejunctionboxlocatedunderthecarandthevehicle-sidepowerconnector.軸溫報警裝置的傳感器連線。Thesensorwiringoftheaxletemperaturewarningdevice.防滑系統的速度傳感器、防滑閥線。Thespeedsensorandanti-skidvalvewiringoftheanti-skidsystem.蓄電池及其配線。Thebatteryanditswiring.1234電源控制柜工作原理25G、25K型空調客車電氣裝置基本相同，按所在車輛的不同位置可分為：Theelectricaldevicesofthe25Gand25Kair-conditionedpassengercarsarethesame.Theycanbedividedintothefollowingcategoriesbasedontheirlocationsinthevehicle:車端電氣裝置Vehicle-sideelectricaldevices:KC20A電力連接器、KTL-15G集控連接器、播音連接器、車端的一、四位各設一個尾燈插座。KC20Apowerconnector,KTL-15Gcentralizedcontrolconnector,broadcastconnectorandtaillightsocketsatpositionsoneandfourofthevehicle.車內電氣裝置與控制系統Interiorelectricaldevicesandcontrolsystems:主要包括照明系統、播音系統的主干線和分支線等，還包括照明、軸報控制單元、電源控制單元、應急電源和空調控制單元等。Maintrunklinesandbranchlinesofthelightingsystemandbroadcastsystem,controlunitsforlighting,axlealarm,powercontrol,emergencypowerandairconditioning.電源控制柜工作原理按用電裝置供電電壓制式分，可分為Basedonthevoltagestandardsoftheelectricaldevices,theycanbedividedinto：25G、25K型全列空調客車中電氣設備較多，本章將主要介紹電源控制柜、照明控制柜和應急電源等主要電氣設備的組成與原理。The25Gand25Kseriesfull-trainair-conditionedpassengercarshavemanyelectricaldevices.Inthischapter,wewillmainlyintroducethecompositionandprinciplesofthemainelectricaldevicessuchasthepowercontrolcabinet,lightingcontrolcabinetandemergencypowersupply.交流（AC380V/220V）用電裝置ACelectricaldevices:空調機組、通風機、電茶爐、電熱溫水箱等Airconditioningunits,ventilationfans,electrickettles,electricwaterheaters,etc.直流（DC48V）用電裝置DCelectricaldevices:軸溫報警裝置、防滑器、應急燈、尾燈和共線電話電源等。Axletemperaturealarmdevices,anti-skiddevices,emergencylights,taillightsandtelephonepowersupplies.電源控制柜工作原理客車電源控制柜的主要作用Themainfunctionofthebus’spowercontrolcabinet為防止短路Topreventshortcircuits電源控制柜主回路Maincircuitofpowercontrolcabinet一、電源控制柜PowerControlCabinet是對來自發電車的一路和二路供電進行選擇，并分配輸出交流電供空調控制柜、應急電源箱、照明控制箱、電熱、電茶爐、排風扇、電插座等用電負載使用。具有過載、短路、機械互鎖保護以及電流和電壓指示功能。Themainfunctionofthebus’spowercontrolcabinetistoselectanddistributetheACpowersupplyfromthegeneratorcartotheairconditioningcontrolcabinet,emergencypowersupplybox,lightingcontrolbox,electricheaters,electrickettles,exhaustfansandelectricaloutlets.Ithasoverloadprotection,shortcircuitprotection,mechanicalinterlockprotectionandcurrent-voltageindicationfunctions.輸入切換采用KM1、KM2主接觸器輔助觸頭互鎖和KA1轉換開關互鎖，同時對兩路輸入分別加入空氣開關加以隔離和保護。TheinputswitchingusestheKM1andKM2maincontactorswithauxiliaryinterlockingcontactsandtheKA1transferswitchwithinterlock.Thetwoinputsarealsoisolatedandprotectedbyairswitches.電源為三相交流380V、50Hz，控制回路電源為單相交流220V、50Hz，其組成與原理(長春客車廠YZ25K型客車)如圖4-1所示。柜內各主要電氣元件的型號規格見表4-1。Themaincircuitpowersupplyofthepowercontrolcabinetisthree-phaseAC380V,50Hz,thecontrolcircuitpowersupplyissingle-phaseAC220V,50Hz.Thecompositionandprinciplesareshowninthediagram.Themodelspecificationsofthemainelectricalcomponentsinsidethecabinetarelistedinthetable.電源控制柜工作原理圖4-1電源控制柜原理圖電源控制柜工作原理順號代號名稱數量型號規格附注1KA1萬能轉換開關1LW12

2KA2萬能轉換開關1LW12

3PA交流電流表1441-A0-100A

4PV交流電壓表1441-V0-400V

5TA電流互感器11N1-05100/5A

6KM1、KM2交流接觸器23TF50AC220V無水213廠7FU1、FU2、FU4、FU5熔斷器4熔斷體1ART18型

8HL1、HL2指示燈2AD11,220V綠色9Q9空氣開關1C45N3P25A

10Q1、Q2空氣開關2NC100H3P100A

11Q3、Q4空氣開關2C45N3P16A

12Q5空氣開關1C45AD3P1A

13Q6空氣開關1C45N3P10A

14Q7空氣開關1C45N3P16A

15DC電開水爐15kW

16DRⅠ、DRⅡ客室電熱器Ⅰ、Ⅱ

各6.05kW

17M排風異步電動機190W表4-1電源控制柜主要電氣元件電源控制柜工作原理使用時按以下方法操作Whenusing,followthefollowingsteps:閉合空氣開關Q1、Q2，將Ⅰ、Ⅱ路供電選擇開關KA1置Ⅰ路供電位或Ⅱ路供電位。CloseairswitchesQ1andQ2andsettheKA1selectorswitchtothepositionofeitherthe"Route1"or"Route2"powersupply.1Ⅰ路供電時,接觸器KM1得電吸合，指示燈HL1點亮；WhenRoute1isselected,contactorKM1isenergizedandtheindicatorlightHL1lightsup.Ⅱ路供電時,接觸器KM2得電吸合，指示燈HL2點亮。WhenRoute2isselected,contactorKM2isenergizedandtheindicatorlightHL2lightsup.電源控制柜工作原理2當選擇Ⅰ或Ⅱ路供電時，將電壓測量選擇開關KA2打到相應位置，可實現Ⅰ路或Ⅱ路電壓測量。WhenselectingRoute1orRoute2powersupply,setthevoltagemeasurementselectorswitchKA2tothecorrespondingpositionforvoltagemeasurement.Q9Q4Q3Q5Q6Q7電源控制柜工作原理3閉合空氣開關Q3，Ⅰ路電熱器工作；CloseairswitchQ3forRoute1electricheateroperation.閉合空氣開關Q4，Ⅱ路電熱器工作；CloseairswitchQ4forRoute2electricheateroperation.Q3、Q4同時閉合，Ⅰ、Ⅱ路電熱器同時工作。CloseQ3andQ4simultaneouslyforsimultaneousoperationofRoute