閱讀理解主旨大意和詞義猜測教學目標一、了解主旨大意題的命題趨勢和主旨大意題的題型特點二、了解解題方法及技巧和解題步驟三、練中找方法，練中用方法主旨大意題的題型特點考查學生對一篇文章或一段文字的深層理解程度及在速讀中準確把握文章主旨大意的能力。1.

主題型主旨大意題的題干表現形式1)Whatisthemainideaofparagraph1?2)Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?3)Whatisthemainideaofthetext?4)Whatisthetextmainlyabout?5)Themainideaofthepassageis…6)Thepassageismainlyabout…7)Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?2.標題型主旨大意題的題干表現形式1)Whatis/canbe/mightbethebesttitleforthetext?2)Whichofthefollowingcan/mightbethebesttitleforthetext?3)Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?主旨大意題屬于歸納概括題。如有標題，標題中蘊含的信息往往是關鍵信息。2)找準文章的主題句是關鍵。“主題句定位法是一種行之有效的方法。在答題時，我們可以：

讀首句抓大意

讀尾句抓大意

在中間抓大意讀首尾段抓大意3.)主題句隱含在全文中

無主題句則隱含在全文中的明顯高頻信息詞任一篇文章都是圍繞某個主題展開的，因此，有的文章中最明顯的特點之一是有一個反復出現的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。二、解題方法及技巧

解答主旨要義題的主要方法是尋找主題句。尋找主題句的方法是略讀法，即快速瀏覽首尾段、每段的首尾句，以及表達句段關系的連接性詞語，特別是but,however,though(adv.然而),infact,therefore等。有時，沒有體現段落或文章主旨的主題句，我們就要根據文章所述內容進行歸納和概括。尋找主題句的6個微技能：(1)表轉折的詞。段落中出現but,however,actually,while,infact,onthecontrary,incontrast等時，其后的內容往往是作者真正要表達的觀點。(2)表總結的詞。如therefore,thus,inshort,conclude,conclusion等詞后內容也可能是主題。(3)多次重復的詞。如果一篇文章中多次出現某個詞，該詞往往是體現文章主旨的關鍵詞。(4)若首段出現疑問句時，對該問題的回答很可能就是文章的主旨。

(5)Now（如今）…暗示本文即將要講的事很有可能與以往不同。(6)說明實驗結論或調查結果的句子。如：theirstudiesshowthat…，theexperimentshowsthat…，scientists/researchershavefoundthat…或thereisevidencesuggestingthat…中that從句的內容通常就是主旨。尋找主題句的6個微技能：

核心步驟：一讀(略讀)二找(尋找主題句)三比較(將主題句或主要內容同各選項比較)練中找方法，練中用方法Grown-upsareoftensurprisedbyhowwelltheyremembersomethingtheylearnedaschildrenbuthaveneverpracticedstilleversince.Amanwhohasnothadachancetogoswimmingforyearscanstillswimaswellaseverwhenhegetsbackinthewater...△Whatisthemainideaoftheparagraph1?A.Peoplerememberwellwhattheylearnedinchildhood.B.Childrenhaveabettermemorythangrown-ups.C.Poemreadingisagoodwaytolearnwords.D.Storiesforchildrenareeasytoremember.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________段落大意讀首句抓大意

(浙江卷)

Homestodaycouldbebuilttolastjustaslongasthoseoldhomesifpeoplewerewillingorabletopaytheprice.Forexample,morepeoplecannolongeraffordsolidoakstairways,althoughtheywereoncefairlycommoninolderhomes...Andnotonlywouldthesecarpentersknowhowtobuildthem,theywouldprobablydoabetterjobthancarpentersofold.△Whatdoesthethirdparagraphmainlydiscuss?A.Peopleinthepastpreferredtouseoaktobuildstairways.B.Itisnowexpensivetoemployacarpenter.C.Modernhouseslastaslongastheoldones.D.Goodcarpentersstillexistinmoderntimes.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________讀尾句抓大意TerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhascompleteditsfirstflight,bringingthecompanyclosertoitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear.Thevehicle—namedtheTransition—hastwoseats,fourwheelsandwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition,whichflewat1,400feetforeightminuteslastmonth,canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair.Itfliesusinga23-gallontankofgasandburns5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground,itgets35milespergallon.△Whatistheparagraphmainlyabout?A.ThebasicdataoftheTransition.B.Theadvantagesofflyingcars.C.Thepotentialmarketforflyingcars.D.ThedesignersoftheTransition.本段沒有表達段落大意的主題句，需要自己歸納在中間抓大意文章大意Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(聯系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother...

Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.B.People’slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________讀首句抓大意

Afteryearsofheateddebate,graywolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneNationalPark.FourteenwolveswerecaughtinCanadaandtransportedtothepark.Bylastyear,theYellowstonewolfpopulationhadgrowntomorethan170wolves.

Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.WildliferesearchintheUnitedStates.B.PlantdiversityintheYellowstonearea.C.Theconflictbetweenfarmersandgraywolves.D.ThereintroductionofwolvestoYellowstonePark.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________讀首句抓大意

文章標題

Adultsunderstandwhatifitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoftenassumethatmoreismorewhenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongings?ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.

Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TakeitorLeaveitB.ALessonfromKidsC.LiveMorewithLessD.ThePleasureofGiving_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________讀尾句抓大意What’stheproblem?It’spossiblethatweallhavecompromisedconversationalintelligence.It’smorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseit’sawkwardandchallenging,orwethinkit’sannoyingandunnecessary.Butthenexttimeyoufindyourselfamongstrangers,considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.Expertssayit’saninvaluablesocialpracticethatresultsinbigbenefits.

Whatisthebesttitleforthetext? A.ConversationCounts B.WaysofMakingSmallTalk C.BenefitsofSmallTalk D.UncomfortableSilence_________________________________________________________________________________________讀尾句抓大意(2018年全國Ⅰ卷·27)GoodMorningBritain’sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole–showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.

Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.KeepingFitbyEatingSmartB.BalancingOurDailyDietC.MakingYourselfaPerfectChefD.CookingWellforLess讀首句抓大意

HowtoDealwiththeProblemsonReadingComprehension一、主旨大意題（做題要領）1.干擾項

可能屬文中某個具體事實或細節。2.干擾項

可能屬從文中某些(不完全的)事實或細節片面推出的錯誤結論。3.干擾項

可能屬非文章事實的主觀臆斷。(正確答案)是根據文章意思全面理解而歸納概括出來的；但不能太籠統、言過其實或以偏概全。Summary:根據上下文推斷單詞或短語的含義閱讀文章時，常常會遇到一些過去未見過的單詞和短語，但許多這類詞語的含義可以通過上下文推斷出來。這種不使用詞典而通過閱讀上下文來推斷詞語含義的能力，是一個合格的讀者必須具備的能力，因此也是閱讀理解部分經常考查的一種能力。

每年每套題通常有一個小題，有時會有兩個小題，要求考生根據上下文推斷單詞、短語或句子的含義。這類題的題干常含mean,replace,bestexplain或referto四個詞語之一。

解答這類題時，需要考生理解劃線詞語所在句的意思，有時需要理解該句的前一句或后一句的意思，或前后句的意思；也有的需要理解前后一段或幾段的意思.要善于根據劃線詞語所在句內部各分句之間，或該句與上下句或上下段之間的邏輯關系，并結合常識，進行推斷。特別是轉折關系(but,however,though,fortunately,sadly等)、因果關系(so,because等)或條件與結果的關系。推斷單詞的含義…Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialization,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalizationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.

Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinparagraph2?A.Complex. B.Advanced.C.Powerful. D.Modern.GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStates,buttheyweregraduallydisplacedbyhumandevelopment.Bythe1920s,wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.TheywentfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada,wheretherewerefewerhumansaround.△Whatdoestheunderlinedword“displaced”intheparagraphmean?A.Tested. B.Separated.C.Forcedout. D.Trackeddown.取代,替代測試分開追查到_______________________________________________________________________IamPeterHodes,avolunteerstemcourier.SinceMarch2012,I'vedone89trips—ofthose,51havebeenabroad.Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells(干細胞)inmylittleboxbecauseI'vegottwoicepacksandthat'showlongtheylast,inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor(捐獻者)tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,we'vegot72hoursatmost.SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.

Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“courier”inParagraph1？A.providerB.deliverymanC.collectorD.medicaldoctor推斷短語的含義Therearealsovarietiesdevelopedtosuitspecificlocalconditions.OneoftheverybestvarietiesforeatingqualityisOrleansReinette,butyou’llneedawarm,shelteredplacewithperfectsoiltogrowit,soit’sapipedreamformostappleloverswhofallforit.△Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“apipedream”inParagraph3mean?A.Apracticalidea. B.Avainhope.C.Abrilliantplan. D.Aselfishdesire.Mycolortelevisionhasgivenmenothingbutaheadache....ThesetworkedsobeautifullywhenIfirstgotithomethatIwouldkeepitonuntilstationssignedoffforthenight.Fortunately,Ididn'tgetanychannelsshowingall-nightmoviesorIwouldneverhavegottentobed.

Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacethephrase“signedoff”inParagraph1?A.endedalltheirprogramsB.providedfewerchannelsC.changedtocommercialsD.showedall-nightmovies________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________TheCRF'sproduceis“green”,madewithinthecountryanddividedinto10lines,withtheAlcoholSeriesbeingthemostpopular.TheExoticSeries—withSichuanpepper,redbean(豆),cheeseandotherflavors—alsodoeswellandisfuntotaste.Andforchocolatesnobs,whothinkthattheyhaveabetterknowledgeofchocolatethanothers,theConnoisseurSeriesusescocoabeansfromTogo,Cuba,Venezuela,andGhana,amongothers.

Thewords“chocolatesnobs”inParagraph3probablyrefertopeoplewho

.A.areparticularaboutchocolateB.knowlittleaboutcocoabeansC.lookdownuponothersD.liketotrynewflavors______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoftenassumethatmoreismorewhenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongings?ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.推斷句子的含義

Whatdothewords“moreismore”inparagraph1probablymean?A.Themore,thebetter.B.Enoughisenough.C.Moremoney,moreworries.D.Earnmoreandspendmore.越多越好適而可止越多錢，越憂慮賺得越多，花得越多______________________________________________________________________________________________________________