大學英語四級考試試題真題(附答案)

PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissectionyouwillhear10shortconversations.Atthe

endofeachconversationaquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.

Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.After

eachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepauseyoumustread

thefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasingle

linethroughthecentre.

Example:Youwillhear

Youwillread

A.AttheofficeB.InthewaitingroomC.AttheairportD.Ina

restaurant.

Fromtheconversationweknowthatthetwoweretalkingaboutsome

worktheyhadtofinishintheevening.Thisismostlikelytohavetaken

placeattheoffice.ThereforeA“Attheoffice“isthebestanswer.

YoushouldchooseAontheAnswerSheetandmarkitwitha

singlelinethroughthecentre.

SampleAnswerABCD

1.AHisfather.BHismother.CHisbrother.DHis

sister.

2.AAjobopportunity.BApositionasgeneralmanager.

CAbigtravelagency.DAninexperiencedsalesman.

3.AHavingabreak.BContinuingthemeeting.

CMovingontothenextitem.DWaitingalittlelonger.

4.ATheweatherforecastsaysitwillbefine.

BTheweatherdoesn'tcountintheirplan.

CTheywillnotdoasplannedincaseofrain.

DTheywillpostponetheirprogramifitrains.

5.AHewishestohavemorecourseslikeit.

BHefindsithardtofollowtheteacher.

CHewishestheteacherwouldtalkmore.

DHedoesn'tliketheteacher'saccent.

6.AGoonwiththegame.BReviewhislessons.

CDrawpicturesonthecomputer.DHaveagoodrest.

7.AShedoesnotagreewithJack.

BJack'sperformanceisdisappointing.

CMostpeoplewillfindbasketballboring.

DShesharesJack'sopinion.

8.AThemanwenttoawrongcheck-incounter.

BThemanhasjustmissedhisflight.

CTheplanewillleaveat914.

DTheplane'sdeparturetimeremainsunknown.

9.AAtanewsstand.BAtacardealer's.

CAtapublishinghouse.DAtanewspaperoffice.

10.AHewantstogetanewposition.BHeisaskingthe

womanforhelp.

CHehasleftthewomanagoodimpression.DHeenjoys

letterwriting.

SectionB

Directions:Inthissectionyouwillhear3shortpassage.Attheendof

eachpassageyouwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthe

questionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestionyou

mustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedAB

CandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswer

Sheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

11.ATheyareinterestedinotherkindsofreading.

BTheyareactiveinvoluntaryservices.

CTheytendtobelowineducationandinincome.

DTheyliveinisolatedareas.

12.AThereasonswhypeopledon'treadnewspapersaremore

complicatedthanassumed.

BTherearemoreuneducatedpeopleamongthewealthythan

originallyexpected.

CThenumberofnewspaperreadersissteadilyincreasing.

DTherearemorenonreadersamongyoungpeoplenowadays.

13.ALoweringthepricesoftheirnewspapers.

BShorteningtheirnewsstories.

CAddingvarietytotheirnewspapercontent.

DIncludingmoreadvertisementsintheirnewspapers.

PassageTwo

Questions14to17arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

14.AAbasket.CAnegg.BAcup.D

Anoven.

15.AToletinthesunshine.BToserveasitsdoor.

CTokeepthenestcool.DForthebirdtolayeggs.

16.ABranches.CMud.BGrasses.D

Straw.

17.ASomearebuiltunderground.BSomecanbeeaten.

CMostaresewedwithgrasses.DMostaredriedbythesun.

PassageThree

Questions18to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

18.AToexaminethechemicalelementsintheIceAge.

BTolookintothepatternofsolarwindactivity.

CToanalyzethecompositionofdifferenttrees.

DTofindouttheoriginofcarbon-14onEarth.

19.AThelifecycleoftrees.

BThenumberoftrees.

CTheintensityofsolarburning.

DThequalityofair.

20.AItaffectsthegrowthoftrees.

BIthasbeenincreasingsincetheIceAge.

CItisdeterminedbythechemicalsintheair.

DItfollowsacertaincycle.

PartIIReadingComprehension35minutes

Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedby

somequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemthereare

fourchoicesmarkedABCandD.Youshoulddecideonthebest

choiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwitha

singlelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage

Inthe1960smedicalresearchersThomasHolmesandRichard

Rahedevelopedachecklistofstressfulevents.Theyappreciatedthe

trickypointthatanymajorchangecanbestressful.Negativeeventslike

“seriousillnessofafamilymember“werehighonthelistbutso

weresomepositivelife-changingeventslikemarriage.Whenyoutake

theHolmes-Rahetestyoumustrememberthatthescoredoesnot

reflecthowyoudealwithstress——itonlyshowshowmuchyouhaveto

dealwith.Andwenowknowthatthewayyouhandletheseevents

dramaticallyaffectsyourchancesofstayinghealthy.

Bytheearly1970shundredsofsimilarstudieshadfollowed

HolmesandRahe.AndmillionsofAmericanswhoworkandliveunder

stressworriedoverthereports.Somehowtheresearchgotboiled

downtoamemorablemessage.Women'smagazinesranheadlineslike

“Stresscausesillness“Ifyouwanttostayphysicallyandmentally

healthythearticlessaidavoidstressfulevents.

Butsuchsimplisticadviceisimpossibletofollow.Evenifstressful

eventsaredangerousmany一likethedeathofalovedone一are

impossibletoavoid.Moreoveranywarningtoavoidallstressful

eventsisaprescription（處方）forstayingawayfromopportunitiesas

wellastrouble.Sinceanychangecanbestressfulapersonwho

wantedtobecompletelyfreeofstresswouldnevermarryhavea

childtakeanewjobormove.

Thenotionthatallstressmakesyousickalsoignoresalotofwhat

weknowaboutpeople.Itassumeswe'reallvulnerable（脆弱的）and

passiveinthefaceofadversity（逆境）.Butwhatabouthumaninitiative

andcreativity?Manycomethroughperiodsofstresswithmore

physicalandmentalvigorthantheyhadbefore.Wealsoknowthata

longtimewithoutchangeorchallengecanleadtoboredomand

physicalandmentalstrain.

21.TheresultofHolmes-Rahe'smedicalresearchtellsus.

Athewayyouhandlemajoreventsmaycausestress

Bwhatshouldbedonetoavoidstress

Cwhatkindofeventwouldcausestress

Dhowtocopewithsuddenchangesinlife

22.Thestudiesonstressintheearly1970'sledto.

Awidespreadconcernoveritsharmfuleffects

Bgreatpanicoverthementaldisorderitcouldcause

Canintensiveresearchintostress-relatedillnesses

Dpopularavoidanceofstressfuljobs

23.ThescoreoftheHolmes-Rahetestshows.

Ahowmuchpressureyouareunder

Bhowpositiveeventscanchangeyoulife

Chowstressfulamajoreventcanbe

Dhowyoucandealwithlife-changingevents

24.Whyis“suchsimplisticadvice”Line1Para.3impossibleto

follow?

ANoonecanstayonthesamejobforlong

BNoprescriptioniseffectiveinrelievingstress

CPeoplehavetogetmarriedsomeday

DYoucouldbemissingopportunitiesaswell

25.Accordingtothepassagepeoplewhohaveexperiencedupsand

downsmaybecome.

Anervouswhenfacedwithdifficulties

Bphysicallyandmentallystrained

Cmorecapableofcopingwithadversity

Dindifferenttowardwhathappenstothem

PassageTwo

Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage

Mostepisodesofabsent-mindedness一forgettingwhereyouleft

somethingorwonderingwhyyoujustenteredaroom-arecausedbya

simplelackofattentionsaysSchacter."You'resupposedtoremember

somethingbutyouhaven'tencodeditdeeply.”

EncodingSchacterexplainsisaspecialwayofpayingattention

toaneventthathasamajorimpactonrecallingitlater.Failuretoencode

properlycancreateannoyingsituations.Ifyouputyourmobilephonein

apocketforexampleanddon'tpayattentiontowhatyoudid

becauseyou'reinvolvedinaconversationyou'llprobablyforgetthat

thephoneisinthejacketnowhanginginyourwardrobe（衣柜）.“Your

memoryitselfisnJtfailingyou”saysSchacter."Ratheryoudidn,

tgiveyourmemorysystemtheinformationitneeded.”

Lackofinterestcanalsoleadtoabsent-mindedness."Amanwho

canrecitesportsstatisticsfrom30yearsago“saysZelinski"may

notremembertodropaletterinthemailbox.vWomenhaveslightly

bettermemoriesthanmenpossiblybecausetheypaymoreattention

totheirenvironmentandmemoryreliesonjustthat.

Visualcuescanhelppreventabsent-mindednesssaysSchacter.

“Butbesurethecueisclearandavailable“hecautions.Ifyouwant

toremembertotakeamedication（藥物）withlunchputthepill

bottleonthekitchentable——don,tleaveitinthemedicinechestand

writeyourselfanotethatyoukeepinapocket.

Anothercommonepisodeofabsent-mindednesswalkingintoa

roomandwonderingwhyyou'rethere.Mostlikelyyouwere

thinkingaboutsomethingelse.Everyonedoesthisfromtimetotime

“saysZelinski.Thebestthingtodoistoreturntowhereyouwere

beforeenteringtheroomandyou'IIlikelyremember.

26.Whydoestheauthorthinkthatencodingproperlyisveryimportant

AIthelpsusunderstandourmemorysystembetter

BItenablesustorecallsomethingfromourmemory

CItexpandsourmemorycapacityconsiderably

DItslowsdowntheprocessoflosingourmemory

27.Onepossiblereasonwhywomenhavebettermemoriesthanmenis

that.

Atheyhaveawiderrangeofinterests

Btheyaremorereliantontheenvironment

Ctheyhaveanunusualpoweroffocusingtheirattention

Dtheyaremoreinterestedinwhat'shappeningaroundthem

28.Anoteinthepocketcanhardlyserveasareminderbecause.

Aitwilleasilygetlost

Bit'snotclearenoughforyoutoread

Cit'soutofyoursight

Ditmightgetmixedupwithotherthings

29.Whatdowelearnfromthelastparagraph?

AIfwefocusourattentionononethingwemightforgetanother.

BMemorydependstoacertainextentontheenvironment.

CRepetitionhelpsimproveourmemory.

DIfwekeepforgettingthingswe'dbetterreturntowherewewere.

30.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

ATheprocessofgradualmemoryloss.

BThecausesofabsent-mindedness.

CTheimpactoftheenvironmentonmemory.

DAwayofencodingandrecalling.

PassageThree

Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage

Itishardtotrackthebluewhaletheocean'slargestcreature,

whichhasalmostbeenkilledoffbycommercialwhalingandisnowlisted

asanendangeredspecies.Attachingradiodevicestoitisdifficultand

visualsightingsaretoounreliabletogiverealinsightintoitsbehavior.

Sobiologistsweredelightedearlythisyearwhenwiththehelpof

theNavytheywereabletotrackaparticularbluewhalefor43days

monitoringitssounds.ThiswaspossiblebecauseoftheNavy'sformerly

top-secretsystemofunderwaterlisteningdevicesspanningtheoceans.

Trackingwhalesisbutoneexampleofanexcitingnewworldjust

openingtocivilianscientistsafterthecoldwarastheNavystartsto

shareandpartlyuncoveritsglobalnetworkofunderwaterlistening

systembuiltoverthedecadestotracktheshipsofpotentialenemies.

Earthscientistsannouncedatanewsconferencerecentlythatthey

hadusedthesystemforcloselymonitoringadeep-seavolcaniceruption

（爆發）forthefirsttimeandthattheyplansimilarstudies.Other

scientistshaveproposedtousethenetworkfortrackingoceancurrents

andmeasuringchangesinoceanandglobaltemperatures.The

speedofsoundinwaterisroughlyonemileasecond-slowerthan

throughlandbutfasterthanthroughair.Whatismostimportant

differentlayersofoceanwatercanactaschannelsforsounds

focusingtheminthesamewayastethoscope（聽診器）doeswhenit

carriesfaintnoisesfromapatient'schesttoadoctor'sear.Thisfocusing

isthemainreasonthatevenrelativelyweaksoundsintheocean

especiallylow-frequencyones,canoftentravelthousandsofmiles.

31.Thepassageischieflyabout.

Aaneffo