話題27科技發展與信息技術創新Ⅰ.閱讀理解Inthepast，videoconferencetechnologywasmainlyusedforjustafewelementsofbusinessmeetingsorhangoutswithfriendsandfamily.Now，videoconferencetoolsareessentialforourproductivity，learningandsocialinteraction.Weusethemnotonlyforfun，butmainlyasameaningfulpartofourwork.However，oncewestarttojoinendlessvideocallsforafewhourseachday，webecomeverytired.Thistermiscalled“zoomfatigue”，andit’srelatedtooverusingvirtualcommunicationplatforms.Therearesomeadvantagesofusingvideoconferencingtools.Withoutthem，itmightbeimpossibleforustoworkfromhome.Butwhatwehaven’texpectedisapricethatweneedtopayforthatsortofconvenience.Whenwearehavingaface－to－faceconversationwithothers，everythingseemsprettynatural.Whilespeaking，youlookintotheeyes，sometimesslightlymovingyourstareontosomethingelse.Youknowwhentostoptalkingandwhentospeakup.Evenifyou’reinaconferenceroomwith10people，youdon’thaveaterriblefeelingofbeingobservedallthetime.Younoticethatpeoplemostlylookatthepersonwhoisspeaking，andthentheymovetheirattentionontosomeoneelse.Butwhenyouuseateleconferencingtool，thingsaredifferent.Beingphysicallyoncameramakesyouveryawareofbeingwatchedallthetime，becauseyoudon’tknowwhoislookingatyou.Youjustseemanyfacesonyourscreen.MarissaShufflerfromClemsonUniversityoncesaid，“Whenyou’reonavideoconference，youknoweverybody’slookingatyou；youareonstage，sotherecomesthesocialpressure—afeelinglikeyouneedtoperform.Beingperformativeisstressful.”Moreover，thereisanotherinterestingtendencyasfarasvideocallsareconcerned.Whoareyoulookingatmostofthetime？Theanswerisyourself.Formostpeople，it’shardnottolookattheirownfaceiftheycanseeitonthescreen.Wearelikelytomakesurethatourheadisattherightangleandthatourshirtisn’tcreased.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章主要講述了視頻會議技術給我們帶來了便利，但與此同時也帶給我們一些意料之外的負面影響。1.Whatistheso－called“zoomfatigue”？A.Thefastpaceofourmodernlife.B.Boredomcausedbytoomanyvideocalls.C.Thewidespreadofvideotechnology.D.Burnoutassociatedwithoverusingonlineplatforms.答案D[細節理解題。根據第二段最后一句“Thistermiscalled‘zoomfatigue’，andit’srelatedtooverusingvirtualcommunicationplatforms.”可知，“zoomfatigue”是指過度使用在線平臺而引起的疲勞。]2.Whatcanvideocallsbringuswhencomparedwithface－to－faceconversations?A.Highercost. B.Morestress.C.Morefreetime. D.Betterperformance.答案B[推理判斷題。結合第四段對面對面交談的闡述及其與視頻通話的對比和第五段中的“youareonstage...Beingperformativeisstressful.”可推知，視頻通話會給人帶來更大的壓力。]3.Whydowelookatourselvesmostofthetimeonthescreen?A.Tobewell－behaved. B.Togetsomecomfort.C.Togrowself－confidence. D.Toattractothers’attention.答案A[推理判斷題。根據最后一段最后一句可知，人們在屏幕上關注自己是想確認自己表現良好，呈現出最佳的狀態。]4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Thepopularityofvideocalls.B.People’sattitudetowardsvideocalls.C.Someunforeseeneffectsofvideocalls.D.Changesinpeople’swayofcommunication.答案C[文章大意題。根據第三段最后一句并結合后文內容可知，本文主要講述視頻通話技術在給人們帶來便捷的同時，也帶來了一些始料不及的負面影響。]Youimproveyourrobot’ssoftwarebyimprovingitssoftware.AgrimGuptaofStanfordUniversity，however，begstodiffer.Hethinksyoucanalsoimprovearobot’ssoftwarebyimprovingitshardware.Heandhiscolleagueshaveinventedawayoftestingthisidea.Theybroughttotheirrobots，unimals，theprinciplesofevolution(進化)bynaturalselection.Unimals，withglobesforheadsandsticksforarmsandlegs，aresoftwarebeingsinteractingwithavirtualenvironment.Theenvironmentswheretheywanderedwereinthreevarieties：flatgrounds，groundswithhillsandsteps，andonesthathadthecomplexitiesofthesecondsort，butwithaddedobjects.Tobeginwith，theunimalswererandomlyassignedvariousshapes，butwithidenticalsoftware—derl.Newlycreatedunimalslearnedtofacethechallengesinavirtualbootcamp.Theywerethenenteredintotournamentsingroups.Eachgroupwinnerwasawardedonemutation(變異)—oneextraarmorleg，oroneextraturninginajoint.Thenewreplacedtheoldestunimalandthenwasassignedtoanewgroup，andtheprocessrepeated.About4，000varietiesofthemunderwenttraining.Theteamweresurprisedbythediversityofshapesthatevolved.Crucially，though，theresearchersfoundthemostsuccessfulunimalslearnedtasksinhalfthetimetheiroldestancestorshadtaken，andthatthoseevolvinginthetoughestgroundswerethemostsuccessful.Inthisevolutionofunimals’morphology(形態)topromotetheabilitytolearn，DrGuptaseesaversionofsomethingcalledtheBaldwineffect.In1896JamesBaldwin，apsychologist，arguedthatmindsevolvetomakethebestuseofthemorphologiesofthebodies.WhatDrGuptahasshown，thoughinsoftware，isthattheoppositecanalsobetrue—changesinbodymorphologycanimprovethewaymindswork.Eventhoughheheldthesoftwareconstant，itbecamemoreefficientatlearningastheunimals’bodiesevolved.Whetherthatdiscoverycanbeturnedtoaccountinthewayrobotsaredevelopedremainstobeseen.Butthewayoftestingiscertainlyanout－of－the－boxidea.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章主要講了人們通過改進機器人的軟件來改進它的軟設備。然而，斯坦福大學的阿格里姆·古普塔卻不這么認為。他認為還可以通過改進硬件來改進機器人的軟件。5.Howwasthetestconducted?A.Bypromotingunimals’learning. B.Byadjustingtheenvironments.C.Byprovingtheevolutiontheory. D.Bystimulatingunimals’mutation.答案B[推理判斷題。根據第二段可知，通過調整環境，來進行試驗。]6.Whatturnedouttobesurprisinginthetest?A.Thenumberoftrainedunimals.B.Thedeclineintimeforlearningtasks.C.Thevarietyofevolvedshapes.D.Thereplacementofoldunimals.答案C[細節理解題。根據第四段第一句“Theteamweresurprisedbythediversityofshapesthatevolved.”可知，測試中令人驚訝的是進化出的各種形狀。]7.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthetest?A.Mindevolutionaffectsbodyshaping.B.Bodychangesbettermindwork.C.Hardwarechangesdonotimpactsoftware.D.Thediscoveryisusefulinrobotdevelopment.答案B[推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段中的“WhatDrGuptahasshown...canimprovethewaymindswork.”可推知，身體的變化使大腦工作得更好。]8.What’stheauthor’sattitudetothefinding?A.Negative. B.Objective.C.Indifferent. D.Approving.答案B[觀點態度題。根據最后一段可推知，作者對這一發現持客觀的態度。]Ⅱ.完形填空Hello，Mr.Wi－Fi.Lifewithoutyouisnexttoimpossible.We’rehappytosingyournamefrommorningtillevening，sometimestilldawn.1Iknowyouhelpme，sometimesyou’remakingmedothingswith2attention.ManytimesIpromisemyselfthatI’ll3myfeelingstowardsyou，butyou’re4mecloserandcloser...You’veenteredbothmyhomeandmyworkplace.You’rejustawindowforour5andinformation.Butwepeoplearen’t6onlywiththewindow.Soweopenallourdoorsforyou.Isthisa(n)7orsomekindofattachment？Ifthisisanillness，isitcurable？Andifthisisanattachment，willyou8methelifelongtogetherness?Wewantyoualldays.Can’tyoutakeafewdaysoffsothatbothyouandIcan9？You’reapoison—notaslowonebutasuper－fastpoisonwhichholdsourmindandmakesusdance10yourtune.Nowadaysyou’reso11thatanyonecanbuyandmakeyoubecomeourcompanion.You’llneverbebotheredaboutourhealthbutwe’ll12beconcernedaboutyour“health”.Becauseyouaccompanyuseverywhereandneverletusbealone.Ifyouwerea13personmadeoffleshandblood，wouldweloveyouthesame？Youcontroluswithyournumeroustalentsandweevencan’tgetridofyou.Weallareyour14.SometimesIwonderhowpeopleinthepreviousgenerations15，butiftheydid，whycan’twe?【語篇解讀】本文是記敘文。文章以擬人手法描述了Wi－Fi無處不在，它在給人們帶來幫助的同時，也分散了人們的注意力。人們對它欲罷不能，又愛又恨。1.A.Nowthat B.OnlyifC.Though D.When答案C[根據語境并結合常識可推知，此處表示盡管作者知道Wi－Fi幫助了自己，但是有時候它分散了作者的注意力。]2.A.praised B.increasedC.focused D.divided答案D[參見上題解析。]3.A.keepon B.bringbackC.approve D.giveup答案D[keepon繼續進行；bringback帶回；使恢復；approve同意；贊成；giveup放棄。根據下文的“butyou’remecloserandcloser...”可推知，很多次作者想戒網，但最終卻事與愿違。]4.A.drawing B.pushingC.forcing D.observing答案A[draw吸引；push推；force強迫；observe遵守；觀察。根據空后的“closerandcloser...You’veenteredbothmyhomeandmyworkplace”可推知，Wi－Fi離作者越來越近了，它進入了作者的家和工作場所。]5.A.entertainment B.argumentC.expansion D.struggle答案A[entertainment娛樂；argument爭論；expansion擴張，擴大；struggle斗爭；奮斗。根據空后的“andinformation”并結合選項和常識可推知，此處表示Wi－Fi只是一個娛樂和信息的窗口。]6.A.strict B.satisfiedC.generous D.busy答案B[strict嚴格的；satisfied滿意的；generous慷慨大方的；busy繁忙的。根據下文的“Soweopenallourdoorsforyou”可推知，人們對Wi－Fi的窗口作用并不滿足，于是為Wi－Fi打開了所有的門。]7.A.disease B.inspirationC.routine D.situation答案A[inspiration靈感；妙計；routine日常工作；慣例。根據下文的“Ifthisisanillness”可推知，作者疑惑這種行為是否是一種病。]8.A.recommend B.instructC.promise D.adapt答案C[recommend推薦；instruct指示；指導；promise答應；允諾；adapt適應；改編。根據語境并結合選項可推知，此處表示如果這是一種依戀，Wi－Fi是否會“承諾”和作者一輩子在一起。]9.A.persist B.relaxC.progress D.balance答案B[persist堅持；持續；relax放松；progress進行，進展；balance平衡。根據上文“Wewantyoualldays.Can’tyoutakeafewdaysoff”可推知，作者覺得和Wi－Fi聯系太緊密了，因此想讓Wi－Fi離開幾天，彼此都放松一下。]10.A.to B.againstC.from D.within答案A[dancetosb’stune是固定搭配，意為“聽從某人的指揮，唯命是從，言聽計從”。]11.A.affordable B.valuableC.conventional D.attractive答案A[affordable付得起的；valuable值錢的；有價值的；conventional傳統的。根據空后的“anyonecanbuy”可推知，現如今任何人都負擔得起Wi－Fi。]12.A.sometimes B.alwaysC.never D.seldom答案B[but與句中的never形成對比，Wi－Fi從來不擔心我們的健康，但我們將一直擔心Wi－Fi的“健康”。]13.A.selfish B.dishonestC.responsible D.real答案D[selfish自私的；dishonest不誠實的；responsible負責的；real真實的。根據空后的“madeoffleshandblood”可推知，此處表示假如Wi－Fi是一個有血有肉的真人的話，我們是否會同樣地喜歡它。]14.A.friends B.slavesC.colleagues D.employers答案B[根據空前一句“Youcontroluswithyournumeroustalentsandweevencan’tgetridofyou.”并結合選項可推知，Wi－Fi控制了我們，因此我們都是Wi－Fi的奴隸。]15.A.suffered B.connectedC.survived D.surfed答案C[suffer受難；connect連接；survive幸存；surf沖浪。根據上文的“weevencan’tgetridofyou”可知，我們無法擺脫Wi－Fi，因此作者很困惑以前的人沒有Wi－Fi是如何活下來的。]Ⅲ.語法填空(2024·江西省南昌市高三一模)Asmalldevice，Moxie，hasproducedoxygenonthesurfaceofMars，1.(bring)thechancesofsurvivingontheredplanetastepcloser.Researchpublishedin2.journalScienceAdvancesreportedthatMoxieproducedbreathableoxygeninseven－hour－longtestsconductedinvariousweatherandatmospheric(大氣的)conditionslastyear.Theresearchalsofoundthateveninextreme3.(temperature)andafteraMartianduststorm，Moxie4.(continue)toproducehigh－purityoxygen.“ThisisthefirstdemonstrationofactuallyusingresourcesonthesurfaceofMarsandtransforming5.(they)chemicallyintosomethingusefulforahumanmission，”JeffreyHoffman，a6.(retire)astronaut，said.“ThethinatmosphereonMarsis96percentcarbondioxideandmuchmore7.(change)thanonEarthandthetemperaturecanvaryby100degrees，”Hoffmansaid.“OneaimistoshowwecanrunMoxieinallseasons.”Thedevice，Moxie，usessomespecialpumps，8.suckincarbondioxide.Thegas9.(heat)to800℃andpressedtoseparatethecarbonandoxygen.Carbonmonoxideissentoutaswastewhilethepureoxygenisleftbehind.Despitethechallenges，MoxiehasproveddurableintheextremeconditionsonMarsandscientistsregardthetestresults10.agreatachievement.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章介紹了一種名為Moxie的小型裝置是如何在火星的極端溫度下產生氧氣的。科學家們認為這是一項偉大的成就。1.br