話題6健康的生活方式Ⅰ.閱讀理解FromthelushgreenhillyoucanseeLjubljana，thecapitalofSlovenia，inthedistance.Populationsofdeer，rabbitsandturtlelivehere.Theairiscleanandtheonlysignsthatwearestandingabovea24－metre(79feet)deeplandfillarethemethanegaspipesrisingfromthegrass.LjubljanaisthefirstEuropeancapitaltocommittogoingzero－waste.Butfifteenyearsago，allofitsrefusewentstraighttolandfill.“Andthatisexpensive，”saysNinaSankovicofVokaSnaga，thecity’swastemanagementcompany.“Ittakesupspaceandyou’rethrowingawayresources.”Sothecitydecidedtochangecourse.Itbeganin2002withseparatecollectionofpaper，glassandpackaginginRoadsidecontainerstands.Fouryearslaterthecitybegancollectingbiodegradablewastedoortodoor；separatecollectionofbiowasteissettobecomemandatoryacrossEuropein2023，butLjubljanawasnearlytwodecadesaheadofthecurve.In2013，everydoorstepinthecityreceivedbinsforpackagingandpaperwaste.And，mostcontroversially，scheduledcollectionsoftheresidualwastewerecutbyhalf—forcingpeopletoseparatetheirrubbishmoreefficiently.Theresultshavebeenimpressive.In2008，thecityrecycledonly29.3%ofitswasteandwaslaggingbehindtherestofEurope.Todaythatfigureis68%，anditslandfillreceivesalmost80%lessrubbish，puttingitatthetopofthecyclingleaderboardofEUcapitals.TheSloveniancapitalnowproducesonly115kgofresidualwastepercapitaannually(theEuropeancitywiththelowestfigureisthemuchsmallerTreviso，Italy，at59kg).【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章主要說明了盧布爾雅那是第一個承諾實現零浪費的歐洲首都，介紹了其在垃圾處理方面所采取的措施和收獲的成效。1.Whatistheusageofthepiperisingfromthegrass?A.Asigntoshowthereisadeeplandfill.B.Toemitgasrisingfromthegrass.C.Todischargemethanefromthedeeplandfill.D.Awaterpipetowatergrass.答案C[細節理解題。根據第一段中的“Theairisclean...risingfromthegrass.”可知，從草里冒出來的管子作用是從深層垃圾填埋場排放甲烷。]2.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“mandatory”inParagraph4?A.Compulsory. B.Typical.C.Normal. D.Reasonable.答案A[詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞上文“Fouryearslaterthecitybegancollectingbiodegradablewastedoortodoor”以及畫線詞后文“acrossEuropein2023，butLjubljanawasnearlytwodecadesaheadofthecurve”可知，歐洲2023年才強制要求對生物垃圾進行單獨收集，而盧布爾雅那在這方面領先了近20年。畫線詞意思是“強制性的”。]3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothechangeofLjubljana?A.Favorable. B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.答案A[觀點態度題。根據最后一段可知，作者對盧布爾雅那的變化持支持態度。]4.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythepassageappear?A.Society.B.Geographyeducation.C.Tourism.D.Environmentalprotection.答案D[文章出處題。根據第二段中的“LjubljanaisthefirstEuropeancapital...allofitsrefusewentstraighttolandfill.”以及倒數第二段可推知，文章可能選自“環境保護”版面。]Restrictingmealstoearlyinthedaydidnotaffectweightamongoverweightadultswithprediabetesordiabetes，accordingtoresearchpresentedattheAmericanHeartAssociation’sScientificSessions2020.“Wehavewonderedforalongtimeifwhenoneeatsduringthedayaffectsthewaythebodyusesandstoresenergy，”saidstudyauthorNisaM.Maruthur，associateprofessorofmedicineinJohnsHopkinsUniversityinBaltimore.“Mostpreviousstudieshavenotcontrolledthenumberofcalories，soitwasn’tclearifpeoplewhoateearlierjustatefewercalories.Inthisstudy，theonlythingwechangedwasthetimeofdayofeating.”Maruthurandthecolleaguesfollowed41overweightadultsina12－weekstudy.Mostparticipants(90%)wereAfricanAmericanwomenwithprediabetesordiabetes，andaverageageof59years.Twenty－oneoftheadultsfollowedatime－restrictedeatingpattern，limitingeatingtospecifichoursofthedayandate80%oftheircaloriesbefore1pm.Theremaining20participantsateatusualtimesduringa12－hourwindow，consuminghalfoftheirdailycaloriesafter5pmfortheentire12weeks.Allparticipantsconsumedthesamepre－prepared，healthymealsprovidedforthestudy.Weightandbloodpressureweremeasuredatthebeginningofthestudy，thenat4weeks，8weeksand12weeks.Theanalysisfoundthatpeopleinbothgroupslostweightandhaddecreasedbloodpressureregardlessofwhentheyate.“Wethoughtthatthetime－restrictedgroupwouldlosemoreweight，”Maruthursaid.“Yetthatdidn’thappen.Wedidnotseeanydifferencesinweightlossforthosewhoatemostoftheircaloriesearlierversuslaterintheday.Wedidnotseeanyeffectsonbloodpressureeither.”Theresearchersarenowcollectingmoredetailedinformationonbloodpressurerecordedover24hours，andtheywillbecompilingthisinformationwiththeresultsofastudyontheeffectsoftime－restrictedfeedingonbloodsugar，insulinandotherhormonesandmakinganalysesonthefindings.“Together，thesefindingswillhelpustomorefullyunderstandtheeffectsoftime－restrictedeatingoncardiometaboliehealth，”Maruthursaid.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。一項新的研究表明，能量攝入時間的早晚對減肥沒有什么影響。文章介紹了研究過程以及研究的發現。5.Whatmadethestudydifferentfromearlierones?A.Participants’age.B.Participants’dailyeatingtime.C.Thenumberofparticipants.D.Theresearchmembers.答案B[細節理解題。根據第二段中的“Inthisstudy，theonlythingwechangedwasthetimeofdayofeating.”可知，參與者每日進食時間讓這項研究與之前的研究不同。]6.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Theresearchprocedure. B.Theresearchresult.C.Theresearchpurpose. D.Theresearchinstitution.答案A[段落大意題。根據第三段內容可知，它主要講的是研究過程。]7.Whatcanwelearnfromthestudy?A.Bloodpressureisconnectedwitheatingtime.B.Absorbinglesscaloriesearliermakesforweightloss.C.Eatingtimedeterminestheeffectoflosingweight.D.Takingincaloriesearlierdoesn’timpactweightloss.答案D[推理判斷題。根據第四段中的“Wethoughtthatthetime－restrictedgroup...Wedidnotseeanyeffectsonbloodpressureeither.”可推知，早吸收卡路里不會影響減肥。]8.Whatmaytheresearchersdonextaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Stopresearch. B.Announcefindings.C.Analyzedata. D.Writeessays.答案C[推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“Theresearchersarenowcollecting...andotherhormonesandmakinganalysesonthefindings.”可推知，研究人員下一步可能分析數據。]Ⅱ.完形填空(2024·山東省煙臺市一模)Someyearsago，Iwasstuckonacrosstownbusduringrushhour.Thebuswasfilledwithcold，tiredpeople1withoneanother.Twomen2ateachotherforanunintentionalpush.Anelderlywomangoton，andnobodyofferedhera3.Angerwasintheair；no4couldbefoundhere.AsthebusapproachedSeventhAvenue，thedriver’swordscamefromthespeaker.“Folks，”hesaid.“Iknowyou’vehada(n)5dayandthatyouaredepressed，butIwill6.Wheneachofyouwalksbybeforegettingoff，dropyour7intomypalm(手掌).MyroutegoesrightbytheHudsonRiver，intowhichI’ll8them.”Itseemedasifaspellhadlifted.Everyoneburstoutlaughing，theirfacesshiningwith9.Thepassengerswhohadbeen10eachother’sexistenceweresuddenlygrinning(咧嘴笑)ateachother—isthisguyserious?Atthenextstop，justas11，thedriverheldouthishand，palmup，andwaited.Allthe12passengersperformedthegestureofdroppingsomethingintohispalm.Thedriver13thesameactionateverystopthatfollowed.Occasionallywemaysinkintoagreyworld，butsomeonecan14itlikearayoflight，showingushope.Whatifwearethelight？15，anyonepossessesthepowertoshineonothers’darkdays.【語篇解讀】本文是記敘文，主要講的是一位公交車司機通過讓乘客在下車前把煩惱放在他的掌心里，然后他把煩惱拿去扔掉來點亮乘客們的一天，使他們充滿希望。1.A.satisfied B.associatedC.impressed D.annoyed答案D[satisfied滿意的；associated聯合的；相關的；impressed印象深刻的；annoyed生氣；惱怒。根據上文“Someyearsago，Iwasstuckonacrosstownbusduringrushhour.”和下文“Angerwasintheair”可知，因交通高峰期被堵在路上，公共汽車上擠滿了又冷漠又累的人，他們對彼此很生氣。]2.A.waved B.noddedC.barked D.shot答案C[wave揮手；招手；nod點頭；bark厲聲質問；shoot射擊。根據下文“anunintentionalpush”和“Angerwasintheair”可知，乘客都惱怒對方，兩名男子因無意推搡而互相咆哮。]3.A.reminder B.seatC.ride D.choice答案B[reminder引起回憶的事物；seat座位；ride(乘車或騎車的)短途旅程；choice選擇。根據上文“Thebuswasfilledwithcold，tiredpeople”和“Anelderlywomangoton”可知，公共汽車上擠滿了又冷漠又累的人，一位老婦人上了車，沒人給她讓座。]4.A.mercy B.fortuneC.courage D.security答案A[mercy仁慈；寬恕；fortune運氣；courage勇氣；security安全。根據上文“Anelderlywomangoton，andnobodyofferedhera”可知，這里沒有慈悲可言。]5.A.tough B.averageC.important D.fruitful答案A[tough艱難的；棘手的；average平均的；important重要的；fruitful富有成效的。根據上文“tiredpeople”可知，句子表示“我知道你們今天過得很艱難”。]6.A.makecomments B.showupC.helpout D.takerisks答案C[makecomments發表評論；showup出現；顯露；helpout幫助……做事；takerisks冒險。根據上文“youaredepressed”可知，此處表示“我會幫你們的”，空格處是“幫助……做事”，呼應下文講司機想辦法讓乘客們開心。]7.A.memories B.troublesC.faults D.tips答案B[根據上文語境可知，疲倦的乘客們因堵車心煩意亂，導致車上彌漫著憤怒情緒，司機想緩和這種情況，所以司機是讓乘客把他們的煩惱丟在他的掌心。]8.A.transform B.stretchC.accompany D.cast答案D[transform使改變形態；stretch拉長；伸展；accompany陪伴；cast投射；扔。根據上文“dropyourintomypalm”可知，此處表示把煩惱扔進河里。]9.A.envy B.greedC.pleasure D.pride答案C[envy羨慕；忌妒；greed貪婪；貪心；pleasure快樂；滿意；pride自尊；自豪。根據上文“Everyoneburstoutlaughing”可知，每個人都笑了起來，臉上洋溢著喜悅的光彩。]10.A.suspecting B.ignoringC.expecting D.appreciating答案B[suspect懷疑；ignore忽視；不予理睬；expect預料；期待；appreciate欣賞；感激。根據上文“Thebuswasfilledwithcold，tiredpeople”和下文“weresuddenlygrinning(咧嘴笑)ateachother”可知，乘客們一開始都很冷漠，不太可能會注意身邊的人，司機提議后，一直無視對方存在的乘客們突然互相笑了。]11.A.ordered B.promisedC.requested D.reported答案B[order命令；訂購；promise允諾；答應；request要求；report報告。根據上文“WheneachofyouwalksbybeforegettingowhichI’llthem”和下文“thedriverheldouthishand，palmup，andwaited”可知，到了下一站，就像答應過的那樣，司機伸出手，掌心朝上，等待著接乘客們的煩惱。]12.A.chosen B.fooledC.sitting D.exiting答案D[chosen精選的；fooled受愚弄的；sitting坐的；exiting正在離去的。根據上文“beforegettingoff”和下文“performedthegestureofdroppingsomethingintohispalm”可知，所有要離開的乘客都做了一個把什么東西扔到他的手掌里的手勢。]13.A.repeated B.designedC.interpreted D.evaluated答案A[repeat重復；design設計；interpret領會；說明；evaluate評估；估計。根據下文“thesameactionateverystopthatfollowed”可知，司機在接下來的每一站都重復同樣的動作。]14.A.divide B.exploreC.reward D.brighten答案D[divide分割；explore探索；reward獎賞；獎勵；brighten(使)更明亮。根據下文“likearayoflight”可知，總有人能像一線光明一樣照亮我們的灰暗世界。]15.A.However B.InsteadC.Actually D.Consequently答案C[根據下文“anyonepossessesthepowertoshineonothers’darkdays”可知，事實上，任何人都有能力照亮別人的黑暗日子，就像司機所做的一樣。]Ⅲ.語法填空(2024·浙江省紹興市高三二模)EatingChinesefoodcanbebeneficialforyourhealth.Chinesedishesareoftenpackedwithvegetables，leanproteins，andhealthygrainslikericeandnoodles，which1.(make)themagreatsourceofvitamins，nutrients，andotheressential2.(mineral).Chinesefoodisalso3.(relative)inexpensive，makingitagreatoptionforeaters.Manydishescanbeeasilycustomizedtomeetdietaryrestrictionsorpreferences，andtakeoutoptionsmakeiteasy4.(enjoy)adeliciousmealwithoutspendingmuchtimeinthekitchen.Chinesefoodisoftenthoughtofasasingletypeofcuisine，5.thereareactuallymanydifferentregionalvariations.Cantonesecuisine6.(characterize)bylightandflavorfuldishesthatoftencontainseafoodwhileSzechuandishesareknown7.theirspicy(辛辣的)flavorings.Hunancuisineistypically8.(heavy)thanothers，incorporatingingredientslikechiliesandgarlic.Inconclusion，eatingChinesefoodcanbeanutritiousandeconomicwaytogetavarietyofflavorsandtexturesonyourplate.Withalittlebitofresearchandknowledge，