高級中學名校試卷PAGEPAGE1廣東省廣州市2025屆普通高中畢業班2月調研考試英語試卷第二部分閱讀（共兩節，滿分50分）第一節（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ACamelcaravans(商隊)crossingdesertdunes,merchantstradingsilksandspicesatmarkets—thesearetheimagesthatcometomindwhenwethinkoftheSilkRoad.Buttherealitygoesfarbeyondthis.RatherthanasingletraderoutefromEasttoWest,theSilkRoadwasmadeupofoverlapping(重疊的)networkslinkingcommunitiesacrossAsia,AfricaandEurope,fromEastAsiatoBritain,andfromScandinaviatoMadagascar.Thismajorexhibitionunveilshowthejourneysofpeople,objectsandideasthatformedtheSilkRoadshapedculturesandhistories.TheSilkRoadwasinuseforthousandsofyears,butthisvisuallystunningshowfocusesonadefiningperiodinitshistory,fromaboutAD500to1000.Thistimewitnessedsignificantleapsinconnectivityandtheriseofuniversalreligionsthatlinkedcommunitiesacrosscontinents.Workingwith29nationalandinternationalpartnerstopresentobjectsfrommanyregionsandculturesalongsidethosefromtheBritishMuseumcollection,theexhibitionoffersauniquechancetoseeobjectsfromthelengthandwidthoftheSilkRoad.FromTangChineseceramicsexportedtotheMiddleEasttoIndiangarnetsfoundinSuffolk,theyrevealtheastonishingreachofthesenetworks.HighlightobjectsfromUzbekistanandTajikistanthathaveneverbeenseenintheUKbeforealsoemphasizetheimportanceoftheseregionstothiscontinent-spanningstory.You’llmeetfigureswhosestoriesareinterwoven(交織)withtheSilkRoad,includingWillibald,aningeniousspicesmugglerfromEngland,andalegendaryChineseprincesswhosharedthesecretsofsilkfarmingwithhernewkingdom.Crossingdeserts,mountains,riversandseas,theSilkRoadtellastoryofconnectionbetweenculturesandcontinents,centuriesbeforetheformationoftheglobalizedworldweknowtoday.1.Whichofthefollowingistheprobablenameofthisexhibition?A.SilkRoad:BeyondCamelsandSpices. B.TradeNetworks:ExploretheSilkRoad.C.SilkRoad:IntheFootstepsofHistory. D.AcrossContinents:TraveltheSilkRoad.2.Whatcanwelearnabouttheobjectspresentedatthisexhibition?A.Theycoverawholehistoricalperiod. B.Theyareexhibitedonaglobaltour.C.TheyfeatureitemsfromCentralAsia. D.Theyeachnarratealegendarystory.3.WhatdoesthisexhibitionmainlyintendtoshowabouttheSilkRoad?A.Theoveralldescriptionofitsformation. B.Itscontributiontoconnectingtheworld.C.Theculturalexchangealongitsnetwork. D.Itsimportantinfluenceonglobalization.【答案】1.A2.C3.B【語篇導讀】本文為一篇新聞報道，介紹了關于絲綢之路的展覽內容及意義。【1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據文章第二段“RatherthanasingletraderoutefromEasttoWest,theSilkRoadwasmadeupofoverlapping(重疊的)networkslinkingcommunitiesacrossAsia,AfricaandEurope,fromEastAsiatoBritain,andfromScandinaviatoMadagascar.Thismajorexhibitionunveilshowthejourneysofpeople,objectsandideasthatformedtheSilkRoadshapedculturesandhistories.(絲綢之路不是一條從東方到西方的單一貿易路線，而是由重疊的網絡組成，連接著亞洲、非洲和歐洲的社區，從東亞到英國，從斯堪的納維亞到馬達加斯加。這個大型展覽揭示了形成絲綢之路的人、物和思想的旅程如何塑造了文化和歷史)”可知，這個大型展覽揭示了除了絲綢之路貿易之外的相關人、物和思想的旅程如何塑造了文化和歷史，因此，A選項“絲綢之路：不僅僅是駱駝和香料”能最好概括展覽的主題，適合作為最佳名字。故選A。【2題詳析】細節理解題。根據文章第四段“FromTangChineseceramicsexportedtotheMiddleEasttoIndiangarnetsfoundinSuffolk,theyrevealtheastonishingreachofthesenetworks.(從出口到中東的中國唐代陶瓷到在薩福克郡發現的印度石榴石，它們揭示了這些網絡的驚人范圍)”及第五段“HighlightobjectsfromUzbekistanandTajikistanthathaveneverbeenseenintheUKbeforealsoemphasizetheimportanceoftheseregionstothiscontinent-spanningstory.(來自烏茲別克斯坦和塔吉克斯坦的突出物品在英國從未見過，也強調了這些地區對這個跨越大陸的故事的重要性)”可知，在展覽上展出的展品很多來自中亞地區。故選C。【3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據文章第二段“Thismajorexhibitionunveilshowthejourneysofpeople,objectsandideasthatformedtheSilkRoadshapedculturesandhistories.(這個大型展覽揭示了形成絲綢之路的人、物和思想的旅程如何塑造了文化和歷史)”及最后一段“Crossingdeserts,mountains,riversandseas,theSilkRoadtellastoryofconnectionbetweenculturesandcontinents,centuriesbeforetheformationoftheglobalizedworldweknowtoday.(絲綢之路穿越沙漠、山脈、河流和海洋，講述了一個文化與大陸之間聯系的故事，比我們今天所知的全球化世界形成還要早幾個世紀)”可知，這項關于絲綢之路的展覽介紹了其對于連接世界的貢獻。故選B。BLastDecember,whileleavingthegym,Inoticedamessy-hairedyounggirlwholookedtobeinhermid-20s,asourdaughter,Lily,hadbeen.Iwatchedhowshewastryingtogetabrokentreadmill(跑步機)toworkbeforeshethrewupherhandsandmadeafrustratedbutcuteface,sortoflaughingtoherself.SomethingLilywouldhavedone.Iusedtobethemotherofa25-year-old.Iusedtohaveayoungpersonwholovedme,belongedtome,connectedmetotheworldofyoungpeople.It’snotthatIdon’tknowotheryoungpeople,butmineisgone,lostsuddenlytoshockfromanallergic(過敏)reaction.Laterthatday,athome,IdiscoveredaphotoonmyphonefromDecember26,2022,exactlythedayafterthelastChristmasIspentwithLily,whileshewasgettingreadytoheadhome.Shewasn’tinarush,andIsaid,“Wait,let’sgetashotofyouandme.”Inthatlastpicture,wewereinthekitchen,ourarmsaroundeachother.Myfriendpointedoutit’sreallyapictureofusthree,becauseEricisbehindthecameraandoursmilesareforhim.We’relaughingatsomethinghesaid.Itwasagoodday.Weoftendon’tgettoknowwhenit’sthelasttime.TheremusthavebeenalasttimeIplayedtenniswithmyfather,afinaltriptothemovieswithmymother,beforeIlostthembothtoacaraccident.AlastdinnerwithmyfriendJuliewhenwethoughtwehadplentyoftime,beforehercancerdiagnosischangedeverything.Iwasn’tpayingattentionthen,andIdidn’tthinkIneededto.NowItrytobesoberer.Igoouttothebeach,whereaseagullusedtojumpintheairtopickaFrenchfryoutofLily’shandwhenhesawher.“Yousawthatseagull,didn’tyou?”I’mtalkingloud,soshecanhearmeovertheroarofwaves.ItellherIwilllistenincaseshewantstosendmeamessage.Iremindmyselftopayattention.Amessagecanbeabird,abreezeorashell.Amessagecanbeanything.4.WhatisLilylikeintheauthor’simpression?A.Adorableandangelic. B.Energeticandconsiderate.C.Genuineandinnocent. D.Optimisticandhumorous.5.Whatcanweinferaboutthephotoontheauthor’sphone?A.Itwasnotofmuchsignificancethen. B.Itwasfinelyshotforaspecialpurpose.C.Itbearsherlongingforherdaughter. D.Itisasweetandamusingfamilyphoto.6.Whydoestheauthorgoouttothebeach?A.Torecallpleasantmemoriesofthepast. B.Tomakeupforthepitiesofthepast.C.Toeasethepainoflosingherdaughter. D.Tostayconnectedwithherdaughter.7.Whatdoestheauthormainlywanttotellusthroughthistext?A.Speakupourdeeploveloudly. B.Liveforthecurrentmoment.C.Cherishthosewhoarepresent. D.Keeponmovingwithregret.【答案】4.A5.A6.D7.C【語篇導讀】這是一篇記敘文。作者看到與女兒年齡相仿的女孩，憶起已逝女兒。又想起失去父母和朋友的經歷，感慨應珍惜當下，如今常去海灘與女兒“對話”。【4題詳析】細節理解題。根據文章第一段中“Iwatchedhowshewastryingtogetabrokentreadmill(跑步機)toworkbeforeshethrewupherhandsandmadeafrustratedbutcuteface,sortoflaughingtoherself.SomethingLilywouldhavedone.(我看著她如何試圖讓一臺壞了的跑步機工作，然后她舉起雙手，做了一個沮喪但可愛的臉，有點自嘲。Lily會做的事。)”可知，Lily在面對跑步機壞掉時，做出沮喪又可愛的表情，還自我解嘲地笑，所以在作者印象中Lily是可愛而溫柔的。故選A。【5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據文章第三段中“Laterthatday,athome,IdiscoveredaphotoonmyphonefromDecember26,2022,exactlythedayafterthelastChristmasIspentwithLily,whileshewasgettingreadytoheadhome.Shewasn’tinarush,andIsaid,“Wait,let’sgetashotofyouandme.”Inthatlastpicture,wewereinthekitchen,ourarmsaroundeachother.Myfriendpointedoutit’sreallyapictureofusthree,becauseEricisbehindthecameraandoursmilesareforhim.We’relaughingatsomethinghesaid.(那天晚些時候，在家里，我在手機上發現了一張2022年12月26日的照片，正是我和Lily度過的最后一個圣誕節的第二天，當時她正準備回家。她并不著急，我說：“等等，讓我們拍一張你和我的照片。”在最后一張照片中，我們在廚房里，雙臂摟著對方。我的朋友指出，這真的是我們三個人的照片，因為Eric在鏡頭后面，我們的笑容都是為了他。我們因他說的話而發笑。)”可知，當時照片拍攝時，作者和Lily沒有匆忙行事，Eric給作者和女兒愉快而隨意地拍照，但當時作者并未意識到這會是和Lily的最后一張照片，所以，當時，它并沒有太大意義。故選A。【6題詳析】細節理解題。根據文章最后一段“Igoouttothebeach,whereaseagullusedtojumpintheairtopickaFrenchfryoutofLily’shandwhenhesawher.“Yousawthatseagull,didn’tyou?”I’mtalkingloud,soshecanhearmeovertheroarofwaves.ItellherIwilllistenincaseshewantstosendmeamessage.(我去了海灘，在那里，一只海鷗看到Lily時，會跳到空中，從她手里抓薯條。“你看見那只海鷗了，是嗎？”我大聲說話，這樣她就能在海浪的咆哮聲中聽到我。我告訴她，如果她想給我發信息，我會聽的。)”可知，作者去海灘是希望通過與和女兒有關的場景，與女兒保持某種聯系。故選D。【7題詳析】主旨大意題。根據文章第四段“Weoftendon’tgettoknowwhenit’sthelasttime.TheremusthavebeenalasttimeIplayedtenniswithmyfather,afinaltriptothemovieswithmymother,beforeIlostthembothtoacaraccident.AlastdinnerwithmyfriendJuliewhenwethoughtwehadplentyoftime,beforehercancerdiagnosischangedeverything.Iwasn’tpayingattentionthen,andIdidn’tthinkIneededto.(我們常常不知道這是最后一次。那一定是我最后一次和父親打網球，和母親最后一次去看電影，然后我就因為車禍失去了他們倆。最后一次和我的朋友Julie共進晚餐時，我們認為我們有足夠的時間，在她的癌癥診斷改變了一切之前。當時我沒有注意，我也不認為我需要注意。)”可知，文章通過講述作者失去女兒、父母、朋友等經歷，意識到常常在不經意間就度過了與親人朋友的最后時光，從而提醒人們要珍惜當下身邊的人。故選C。CFromPestothepenguintoBiscuitstheseal—theinternetlovestoturnadorablebabyanimalsintoviralsensations.Butwhyarewesointerestedinsharingsomethingcutewithothersonsocialmedia?“Weseekoutcutenessbecauseitfeelsgood!”explainsPaulDale,theauthorofIrresistible:HowCutenessWiredOurBrainsandConqueredtheWorld.Sohowdoesourbraindefinecuteandwhydoesitreactthisway?ThefirststopforanyoneinterestedinthephenomenonofcutenessisAustrianethologistLorenz’slandmark1943paper,whichdescribesacollectionoffeaturesthatholdthekeytocuteness.Lorenzassumedthatourbrain’sresponsetocutenessisanevolutionaryadaptation:cutenesstriggers(引發)inborncaregiving,nurturing,andprotectivebehaviorstoenhancethelikelihoodofspeciessurvival.Hebelievedourresponsetocutenesswasirresistible.ButLorenz’stheorydoesn’ttellthewholestory.AccordingtoSteinnes,aprofessorinbehavioralanalysis,there’smoreatplayherethansimplytriggeringcaregivinginstincts.“Whenweseesomethingcute,itevokesawiderangeofpowerful,predominantly(主要地)positive,emotions.Ourbrainhasaunique,rapid,andspecificresponse,withactivationinareaslinkedtoemotion,reward,motivation,andpleasure.”LikeSteinnes,Daleagreesthatourresponsegoesbeyondcaregiving,writinginhisbookthat“thefeelingofcutenessencouragesaffiliation,whichissocialbondinginabroadersensethanjustnurturing.Thisiswhyfeelingthatsomethingiscutemakesuswanttogetclosertoit,evenifwehavenoparticulardesiretoprotectornurtureit.”Ourinterest,ofcourse,extendsbeyondsocialmedia.Whilecontrolledinteractionswithwildlifecanincreaseourinterestinconservation,theymayalsofuelthedesireforwildanimalownershiporconveyacceptabilityofanimalexploitation.“It’snotjustaselfishpleasure.Feelingthedesiretoprotectandcareforacuteanimal,evenifit’sonlyanimage,encouragesempathyandcompassion,”Daleassuresus.“It’sbuiltintous,partofwhatmakesuswhoweare.Cutenessmakesushuman.”8.WhyarepenguinPestoandsealBiscuitsmentionedinparagraph1?A.Toattractreaders’curiosity. B.Todisplayaphenomenon.C.Tointroducethemaintopic. D.Toillustrateanassumption.9.WhatcanwelearnaboutLorenzandhistheory?A.Hedefinedthestandardofcuteness. B.Histheoryisevolutionism-based.C.Heisapioneerincutenessresearch. D.Histheoryisoutdatednowadays.10.WhatimpactdoescutenesshaveonourbrainaccordingtoSteinnesandDale?A.Itawakensournatureofparenting. B.Itsharpensareasinchargeofemotion.C.Itstrengthensourbondwithsociety. D.Itinspiresourintimacysubconsciously.11.WhatdoesDaleconveyaboutcutenessinthelastsentenceofthetext?A.Itarousesthepositivesideinhumanity. B.Itdistinguisheshumansfromanimals.C.Itisthecommonlanguageofmankind. D.Itreflectsthevaluesofhumanbeings.【答案】8.C9.B10.D11.A【語篇導讀】本文為一篇說明文，介紹了人類對于可愛感興趣這一現象并分析了背后的原因。【8題詳析】推理判斷題。根據文章第一段“FromPestothepenguintoBiscuitstheseal—theinternetlovestoturnadorablebabyanimalsintoviralsensations.Butwhyarewesointerestedinsharingsomethingcutewithothersonsocialmedia?(從企鵝佩斯托（Pesto）到海豹比斯基茨（Biscuits）——互聯網熱衷于將那些惹人喜愛的幼小動物打造成網絡紅人。但我們為何如此熱衷于在社交媒體上與他人分享那些可愛的畫面呢)”及“Sohowdoesourbraindefinecuteandwhydoesitreactthisway?(那么我們的大腦是如何定義可愛的，為什么它會有這樣的反應呢)”可知，文章第一段提及企鵝佩斯托（Pesto）到海豹比斯基茨（Biscuits）是為了引出文章的主要話題——大腦如何定義可愛。故選C。【9題詳析】細節理解題。根據文章第二段“Lorenzassumedthatourbrain’sresponsetocutenessisanevolutionaryadaptation:cutenesstriggersinborncaregiving,nurturing,andprotectivebehaviorstoenhancethelikelihoodofspeciessurvival.Hebelievedourresponsetocutenesswasirresistible.(洛倫茲認為，我們的大腦對可愛的反應是一種進化適應：可愛觸發了天生的照顧、養育和保護行為，以提高物種生存的可能性。他相信我們對可愛的反應是不可抗拒的)”可知，Lorenz提出的理論以進化論為基礎。故選B。【10題詳析】細節理解題。根據文章倒數第二段“LikeSteinnes,Daleagreesthatourresponsegoesbeyondcaregiving,writinginhisbookthat“thefeelingofcutenessencouragesaffiliation,whichissocialbondinginabroadersensethanjustnurturing.Thisiswhyfeelingthatsomethingiscutemakesuswanttogetclosertoit,evenifwehavenoparticulardesiretoprotectornurtureit.”(和斯坦尼斯一樣，戴爾也認為，我們的反應超越了照顧，他在書中寫道：“可愛的感覺鼓勵了歸屬感，這是一種更廣泛意義上的社會紐帶，而不僅僅是養育。這就是為什么當我們覺得某樣東西很可愛時，我們會想要靠近它，即使我們沒有特別想要保護或培育它。”)”可知，根據Steinnes和Dale的觀點，可愛對于我們大腦的影響在潛意識中激發了我們的親密關系。故選D。【11題詳析】推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段““It’snotjustaselfishpleasure.Feelingthedesiretoprotectandcareforacuteanimal,evenifit’sonlyanimage,encouragesempathyandcompassion,”Daleassuresus.“It’sbuiltintous,partofwhatmakesuswhoweare.Cutenessmakesushuman.”(“這不僅僅是一種自私的快樂。感受保護和照顧可愛動物的欲望，即使它只是一個形象，也會激發同理心和同情心，”戴爾向我們保證。“這是我們與生俱來的，是我們成為自己的一部分。可愛使我們成為人類。”)”可知，戴爾認為可愛激發了人性積極的一面。故選A。DParentshavealwaysblamedtheirteens’misbehaviorontheirkids’friends:theymaysaytheirkids“fellintobadcompany”or“gotinwiththewrongcrowd”.Topreventwhattheyseeasnegativeinfluences,parentshaverespondedwithstrategiesrangingfromcriticizingthewayward(任性的)companionstoforbiddinganycontactaltogether.Infact,however,parentslabelingakid’sfriendabadimpactactuallymakesbehaviorproblemsworse.Previousresearchhasprovidedapartialexplanationthatfitswithmostparents’experience.Themoreparentsprohibittheirchildrenfromassociatingwithfriendswhoareintrouble,themorethesekidsseekoutandsticktotheiroff-limitsfriends.Meanwhile,theirowntroublemaking,definedasbehaviorsincludingfightingandstealing,increases.Suchrebelliousbehaviorprovidesonlyapieceoftheanswer.Laursen,withhiscolleagues,setsoutabroaderexplanationinanewstudy.Researcherstrackedalmost600studentsaged9to14atthebeginning,middleandendofaschoolyear.Ateachpoint,thestudentsansweredaseriesofquestionsincludingtheiremotions,theirbehavior,theirrelationshipwiththeirmother,andtheirmother’sattitudestowardsthefriendstheyhad.Researchersalsoaskedthestudentstolistclassmatestheylikedordisliked—animportantdimensionthathadnotbeenconsideredinpriorresearch.Thenaclearpatternemerged.Wheneverachildhadbehaviorproblems—andtheirmotherdisapprovedoftheirfriends—thesepeers,inturn,dislikedthechildandthekid’sbehaviorgotworse.Whydidmom’sdisapprovalleadtomoreproblems?“It’sbecausetheclassmateshateit.Kidshatetheirparentsinterveninginpeerrelationships.”Laursensays.“Rejectedkidstendtohangoutwithotherexcludedkidswhothemselvesarelikelytohavebehaviorproblems.”“Theideathatparentalinterferenceinpeerfriendshipscanmakeachildseem‘uncool’topeersandsetthemoffonadisruptivetrackisareallynewinsight.”saysdevelopmentalpsychologistNinaMounts.“Ifparentswanttobeeffectiveinmiddleschool,theyhavetofosteraclose,warmrelationshipwiththeirkids.Inotherwords,youhavetostayinthegame—bytryingtocutyourkidsofffromtheirfriends,youareautomaticallyremovingyourselffromit.”12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“rebellious”inparagraph3mean?A.Criminal. B.Resistant. C.Abnormal. D.Dangerous.13.WhatadvantagesdoesLaursen’sexplanationhaveovertheformerone?A.Itchallengesparents’generalexperience. B.Itnoticesthechangeinparents’attitudes.C.Ittakeschildren’sfeedbackintoaccount. D.Itinquiresintochildren’ssocialnetwork.14.Whatisthedirectcausethatworsenschildren’sbehaviorproblems?A.Theinterventionoftheirparents. B.Themisguideofwaywardcompanions.C.Theisolationoftheirclassmates. D.Thepoorself-disciplineofthemselves.15.WhatdoesNinawarnaboutparents’interventionintheirchild’sfriendship?A.Itmakesthechildfeelunfairlytreated. B.Itimpairsthechild’simageamongpeers.C.Ittearstheirfamilyrelationshipapart. D.Itreducestheirweightinchild’sgrowth.【答案】12.B13.D14.C15.D【語篇導讀】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項研究，表明很多父母在孩子行為出現問題時，會認為孩子交往的伙伴不好，限制孩子的交往，結果孩子行為問題得不到解決，甚至變得更糟，建議家長不要過多干預孩子交友。【12題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據Suchrebelliousbehavior所指代的上文“Themoreparentsprohibittheirchildrenfromassociatingwithfriendswhoareintrouble,themorethesekidsseekoutandsticktotheiroff-limitsfriends.Meanwhile,theirowntroublemaking,definedasbehaviorsincludingfightingandstealing,increases.(父母越是禁止他們的孩子與有麻煩的朋友交往，這些孩子就越會尋找并堅持與那些不受限制的朋友交往。與此同時，他們自己制造麻煩的行為，包括打架和偷竊，也在增加)”可知，這些行為是叛逆行為，對父母的管束表示抗拒。resistant意為“抗拒的”意思相近。故選B項。【13題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第二段“Previousresearchhasprovidedapartialexplanationthatfitswithmostparents’experience.(之前的研究提供了符合大多數父母的經歷的部分解釋)”及第四段“Researchersalsoaskedthestudentstolistclassmatestheylikedordisliked—animportantdimensionthathadnotbeenconsideredinpriorresearch.(研究人員還要求學生列出他們喜歡或不喜歡的同學——這是之前研究中沒有考慮到的一個重要方面)”可知，以前的研究僅僅調查了孩子及其父母，而勞森的研究還調查了關于孩子的同學，調研內容增加了孩子的社交關系。故選D項。【14題詳析】細節理解題。根據倒數第二段“Wheneverachildhadbehaviorproblems—andtheirmotherdisapprovedoftheirfriends—thesepeers,inturn,dislikedthechildandthekid’sbehaviorgotworse.(每當一個孩子有行為問題——而他們的母親就不喜歡他們的朋友——這些同齡人反過來也不喜歡這個孩子，孩子的行為就會變得更糟)”及“It’sbecausetheclassmateshateit.Kidshatetheirparentsinterveninginpeerrelationships.(那是因為同學們討厭它。孩子們討厭父母干預同伴關系)”和“Rejectedkidstendtohangoutwithotherexcludedkidswhothemselvesarelikelytohavebehaviorproblems.(被拒絕的孩子傾向于和其他被排斥的孩子一起出去玩，而這些孩子自己也可能有行為問題)”可知，一些孩子行為問題惡化的直接原因是其他孩子對他們的孤立。故選C項。【15題詳析】細節理解題。根據最后一段“Ifparentswanttobeeffectiveinmiddleschool,theyhavetofosteraclose,warmrelationshipwiththeirkids.Inotherwords,youhavetostayinthegame—bytryingtocutyourkidsofffromtheirfriends,youareautomaticallyremovingyourselffromit.(如果父母想在中學階段發揮作用，他們必須與孩子建立親密、溫暖的關系。換句話說，你必須留在游戲中——如果你試圖把你的孩子和他們的朋友隔離開來，你就自動把自己從游戲中剔除了)”可知，妮娜建議家長減少自己在孩子成長過程中的比重，不要過多干預孩子。故選D項。第二節（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。InvisibleHabitsAreDrivingYourLifeAroundthenewyear,countlesspeopleresolvetoreformtheirbadhabitsandintroducebetterones.___16___.“Weliketothinkthatwe’redoingthingsforareason,thateverythingisdrivenbyagoal,”DavidNeal,apsychologistspecializinginbehaviorchange,toldme.Butgoalsseemlikeourprimarymotivationonlybecausewe’remoreconsciousofthemthanofhowstrongourhabitsare.Researchhassuggestedthathabitsarepracticallyautomatic“context-responseassociations”—afteryourepeatanactionenoughtimes,you’lldoitmindlesslyifyouencounterthecueandtheenvironment.“___17___,”Davidsays.“Itjustindicatesthatyourconsciousminddoesn’tneedtoparticipateintheinitiationorexecution(執行)ofthebehavior.”Ourconsciousgoalsmightmotivateustorepeataparticularbehavior,andsoserveasthesparkthatgetsthehabitenginegoing.___18___,becauseoncetheysolidify,theycanbreakawayfromthegoalsthatinspiredthem.Ifourgoalsshift,contextcueswillstilltriggerhabitualbehavior.___19___.Ifyoudon’tlikesomethingthefirsttimeyoutryit,youprobablywon’trepeattheexperience.Buthabitscanpersisteveniftheiroutcomestopsbeingpleasing.InDavid’sstudy,peoplewiththehabitofeatingpopcornatthemoviesatemorestale(變質的)popcornthanthosewithoutthehabit.It’snotsoterribletoenduresomestalepopcorn,butconsidertheconsequencesifmorecomplexhabitualactions—work-lifebalance,orinterpersonalrelationships—hangaroundpasttheirexpirationdate(過期).Neutralhabits,suchasthetimingofmyyogasession,canbehardesttoassess.Butbecausehabitswon’talwayshaveyourlatestintentionsinmind,it’sworthkeepinganeyeonthemtomakesuretheywon’tworkagainstyou.___20___.Butknowinghowtheywork—simplybecomingawareofhowunawareofthemwecanbe—canhelpgetyoutoalifewithaslittlestalepopcornaspossible.A.Likeitornot,peoplearedestinedtobebundledupwithhabits.B.Thatdoesn’tmeanthatpeoplehavenorecollectionofwhattheydid.C.Onceanactionbecomesahabit,youcanlosesightofwhatpromptsit.D.Yetthescienceofhabitsrevealsthattheyarenotsubjecttoourdesires.E.Habitsalsomaintaintheirindependencebynotbeingassensitivetorewards.F.Butevenhabitsthataredeliberatelybegunareworthreevaluatingeverysooften.G.However,peopletendtoexplaintheirhabitualbehaviorbyappealingtotheirdesires.【答案】16.D17.B18.F19.E20.A【語篇導讀】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了無形的習慣是如何影響我們的生活的。【16題詳析】根據上文“Aroundthenewyear,countlesspeopleresolvetoreformtheirbadhabitsandintroducebetterones.(新年前后，無數人決心改掉壞習慣，養成更好的習慣。)”可知，上文告訴我們人們決心改掉壞習慣，養成更好的習慣，D項意為“然而，習慣科學表明，它們不受我們欲望的支配。”，選項與上文構成轉折關系，人們決心改掉壞習慣，養成更好的習慣，但習慣不受我們欲望的支配。故選D。【17題詳析】根據下文“Itjustindicatesthatyourconsciousminddoesn’tneedtoparticipateintheinitiationorexecution(執行)ofthebehavior.(它只是表明你的意識不需要參與行為的發起或執行。)”可知，下文告訴我們習慣表明你的意識不需要參與行為的發起或執行，B項意為“這并不意味著人們不記得他們做了什么。”，選項能夠引起下文，習慣并不意味著人們不記得他們做了什么，只是表明你的意識不需要參與行為的發起或執行。故選B。【18題詳析】根據上文“Ourconsciousgoalsmightmotivateustorepeataparticularbehavior,andsoserveasthesparkthatgetsthehabitenginegoing.(我們有意識的目標可能會激勵我們重復一種特定的行為，從而成為啟動習慣引擎的火花。)”可知，上文告訴我們有意識的目標有利于養成習慣，F項意為“但即使是刻意養成的習慣，也值得偶爾重新評估。”，選項與上文構成轉折關系，雖然有意識的目標有利于養成習慣，但這種刻意養成的習慣也需要偶爾重新評估。故選F。【19題詳析】根據下文“Ifyoudon’tlikesomethingthefirsttimeyoutryit,youprobablywon’trepeattheexperience.Buthabitscanpersisteveniftheiroutcomestopsbeingpleasing.(如果你第一次嘗試時不喜歡某件事，你可能不會重復這種經歷。但即使結果不再令人愉快，習慣也會持續下去。)”可知，下文告訴我們即使你做某事時結果不令人愉快，習慣也會持續下去，習慣是具有獨立性的，E項意為“習慣也通過對獎勵不那么敏感來保持獨立性。”，選項能夠引起下文，下文具體解釋習慣是如何保持獨立性的。故選E。【20題詳析】根據下文“Butknowinghowtheywork—simplybecomingawareofhowunawareofthemwecanbe—canhelpgetyoutoalifewithaslittlestalepopcornaspossible.(但是，了解它們是如何起作用的——只是意識到我們對它們的無知程度——可以幫助你過上盡可能少吃變質爆米花的生活。)”可知，下文告訴我們應該了解它們是如何起作用的，這對我們的生活有益，A項意為“不管你喜不喜歡，人們注定要和習慣捆綁在一起。”，選項能夠引起下文，正因為人們注定要和習慣捆綁在一起，所以我們要了解它們是如何影響我們的。故選A。第三部分語言運用（共兩節，滿分30分）第一節（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。IwassoexcitedabouttheLondonOlympicsandwantedtobeapartofit.AyearbeforetheGames,Ithought,they’regoingtoneedlifeguards,andGoogled“London2012volunteers”.I___21___therewouldbethousandsofapplicantsfortheOlympiclifeguardrole,soIdidn’texpecttohearback.But,afewweekslater,Iwasinvitedtoatwo-dayexamandsurprisinglypassed.I’veheardpeoplesay,“WhoneedslifeguardsattheOlympics?”“It’sthe___22___jobintheworld.”It’sbelittling(輕視).You’renota___23___,butyoumustbeprepared.Ifyoudon’tknowhowtopullsomebodyoutofthewater___24___,you’vedonethe___25___beforetheygetrealtreatment.Idon’tgetstarstruck,butyou’dbe___26___whenyou’restandingnexttosomeonelikeMichaelPhelps.OnedayIwaswaitingtostartmy___27___,whenhewalkedpassedandgaveusallhighfives.Whenyouseeathleteswin,youcelebratewiththem.Whentheyfail,yourheartbreaksforthem.That’snottosayit’snot___28___whenyou’reinthechair.Youdon’t___29___theracebecauseyou’resofocusedoncheckingeachathlete’s___30___toseeifanythingdoesn’tlookright.Whyishisarmdoingthat?What’shappeningwithhisfoot?Ishegettingcramp?Evennow,I’mstill___31___whilelifeguarding.Youcouldhaveapoolfullofthefittest-lookingpeople,butonecouldhaveahistoryofheartdisease.AttheParisOlympics,aSlovakianswimmer___32___afterherevent—shehadhadanasthma(哮喘)attack.Notallmedicalissuesare___33___.InowworkasalifeguardatapoolnearTelford.WheneverIwatchtheOlympics,Ialways___34___thelifeguards.There’sstuffgoingonbehindthescenesthatnoonerealize.We___35___andkeepcalm.Butifthere’saproblem,we’llstepforward.21.A.worried B.noticed C.checked D.figured22.A.humblest B.luckiest C.simplest D.dullest23.A.competitor B.paramedic C.volunteer D.superhero24.A.appropriately B.immediately C.successfully D.proficiently25.A.favour B.response C.damage D.survey26.A.dreaming B.suffering C.doubting D.marveling27.A.shift B.break C.trail D.round28.A.demanding B.professional C.accountable D.complicated29.A.appreciate B.understand C.withdraw D.remember30.A.performance B.movements C.difference D.conditions31.A.serious B.thrilled C.strained D.occupied32.A.wornout B.droppedout C.passedout D.brokeout33.A.predictable B.curable C.avoidable D.visible34.A.lookoutfor B.getthroughto C.standupfor D.turnbackto35.A.standby B.blendin C.carryon D.settledown【答案】21.D22.C23.B24.A25.C26.D27.A28.B29.D30.B31.C32.C33.D34.A35.B【語篇導讀】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講的是作者在倫敦奧運會期間擔任救生員的經歷和感受。【21題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我估計會有成千上萬的人申請奧運會救生員的職位，所以我沒有想到會收到回復。A.worried擔心；B.noticed注意到；C.checked查看；D.figured認為，估計。根據下文“therewouldbethousandsofapplicantsfortheOlympiclifeguardrole”可知，空后內容是作者的估計。故選D。【22題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這是世界上最簡單的工作。A.humblest最卑微的；B.luckiest最幸運的；C.simplest最簡單的；D.dullest最愚鈍的。根據下文“It’sbelittling”可知，此處是說這個工作是最簡單的工作。故選C。【23題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：你不是醫護人員，但你必須做好準備。A.competitor競爭者；B.paramedic護理人員；C.volunteer志愿者；D.superhero超級英雄。根據第一段“needlifeguards”和下文“beforetheygetrealtreatment”可知，此處是說雖然救生員不是醫護人員，但是也要做好準備。故選B。【24題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：如果你不知道如何恰當地把人從水里拉出來，你在他們得到真正的治療之前就已經造成了傷害。A.appropriately恰當地；B.immediately立刻；C.successfully成功地；D.proficiently精通地。根據上文“Ifyoudon’tknowhowtopullsomebodyoutofthewater”可知，救生員應該知道恰當地把人從水里拉出來。故選A。【25題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如果你不知道如何恰當地把人從水里拉出來，你在他們得到真