PAGE1-課時分層作業(十)SectionⅠ[高考題型練習提實力]Ⅰ.閱讀理解ATheevolution(進化)ofanimalsdependsupontheenvironmentalconditionsonEarth.HerearethetopfouroldestanimalspeciesonEarth.HorseshoeCrab—445millionyearsoldHorseshoecrabsappearedonEarth445millionyearsago.Theyliveinshallowoceanwatersacrosstheworld.Horseshoecrabshavealongtail.Theyhavenineeyesintotal，foundthroughoutthebody.Outofthenine，twolargeeyesaremainlyusedbyhorseshoecrabsandtheothersareusedtocontroltheirmovements.Nautilus—500millionyearsoldThenautilusisakindofshellfishlivingintheseathatexisted500millionyearsago.ThatislongbeforedinosaursappearedonEarth.Itissaidtobetheonlysurvivingmemberofalargegroupofshellfish.Nautilusesliveatadepthof2，200feetintheocean.Jellyfish(水母)—550millionyearsoldJellyfishwithanumbrella-likeheadcanbefoundineveryoceanintheworld.Theyhavenobrainornervoussystem.Jellyfisharefoundindifferentshapesandcolors.The90percentoftheirbodyweightiswater.Theyarealsoknowntoeatotherjellyfish.TheboxjellyfishisthemostdangerousspeciesofjellyfishonEarth.Sponge—580millionyearsoldSpongesareaspecialkindofcreaturelivingintheseathatlookslikeaplant.Theyappearedintheworld'soceans580millionyearsago.Thereare5，000differentspeciesofspongesintheworld.Theyliveatdifferentdepthsintheoceans.Spongesdon'thavearmsorhead.Theyhaveaspecialpowertogrowbackalostbodypartandanewspongewillgrowfromtheoldone.Thebodyofspongescontainsmanychannels，whichbecomeashelterformanysmallspecies.【語篇解讀】動物的進化取決于地球的環境條件。當我們挖掘地球的歷史時，我們可以看到一些動物物種在很久很久以前便出現在地球上并繁衍至今。以下列出了地球上四大最古老的動物物種。1．Howmanyeyesdoesahorseshoecrabhave?A．One. B．Two.C．Seven. D．Nine.D[細微環節理解題。依據HorseshoeCrab—445millionyearsold中“Theyhavenineeyesintotal...”可知馬蹄蟹(horseshoecrab)有九只眼睛。]2．Whatisthesimilaritybetweenthenautilusandsponges?A．Bothhavelongtails.B．Neitherofthemhasahead.C．Bothcanliveinthedeepseaonly.D．BothexistedbeforedinosaursappearedonEarth.D[推理推斷題。依據Nautilus—500millionyearsold中“ThatislongbeforedinosaursappearedonEarth.”可知鸚鵡螺(nautilus)在恐龍出現在地球上之前就已經存在了。又依據Sponge—580millionyearsold可知海綿(sponge)先于鸚鵡螺出現在地球上。]3．Whatdoweknowaboutjellyfishfromthetext?A．Theycanbefoundinmostrivers.B．Theirbodyismostlywater.C．Theirheadlookslikeaplant.D．Theydon'thavearmsorahead.B[細微環節理解題。依據Jellyfish(水母)—550millionyearsold中“The90percentoftheirbodyweightiswater.”可知水母(jellyfish)體內含有百分之九十的水分。]BWildlifefacesthreats(威逼)fromhabitatdestruction，pollution，andotherhumanactions.Althoughprotectingwildlifemayseemtoohardattimes，evensmallactionsinyourownneighborhoodcanhelpprotectmanydifferentanimals.Herearesometipsonhowtoprotectwildlifethroughsmallactions.1．Createwildlifefriendlyareasinyourbackyard.Whentryingtomakeyourgardenmorebeautiful，youcanchooseplantsthatcanprovidefoodandsheltertonativewildlife.Thiswillalsohelpcutdownonpollution.Andbirdorbathousestoyouryardorgardencanattractandshelterthesespecies.2．Avoidharmingthenaturalecosystem(生態系統)inyourarea.Someplantsfromotherplacescankillorharmnativeplantsthatprovidefoodandshelterforwildlife.3．Haveagreenerlifestyle.Byusinglesswaterandfewerfuels，youwillbehelpingtoprotectthewildlifearoundyou.Takebusesorthesubwaywhenyoucan，turnoffelectricdeviceswhenyou'renotusingthem，takeshortershowers，andkeepyourroomtemperatureatorbelow68Fahrenheitdegreesduringthewinter.4．Buyproductsthatarewildlifefriendly.Don'tbuyproductsthataremadefromendangeredanimals.Keepinmindthatsomeendangeredanimalsarekilledbytraps，catchesorhunterswhoareafterotherwildlifewithinthesamehabitat.5．Donatemoneyortimetoorganizationsthatprotectwildlifeandtheirhabitats.Youcangivemoneytoorganizationsorgroupsthatprotectwildlifespeciesinyourneighborhood.【語篇解讀】本文主要講的是愛護野生動物，從身邊做起。4．Wecaninferthatthepurposeofthispassageisto．A．telluswhyprotectingwildlifeisextremelyimportantnowB．suggestthatweprotectwildlifethroughactionsC．explainwhyprotectingwildlifeisnotashardaspeoplethinkD．giveussometipsonhowtoprotectwildlifethroughsmallactionsD[寫作目的題。依據第一段最終一句和下文的小標題可知D項正確。]5．WhichofthefollowingthreatstowildlifeisNOTmentionedinthepassage?A．Animaldiseases. B．Lossofhabitat.C．Pollution. D．Hunters.A[細微環節理解題。依據文中的第一段第一句可知B、C兩項提到了；D項是在第四條中其次句提到的。綜觀全文，只有A項沒提到。]6．Whatbehaviourdoyouthinktheauthorcandisagreewith?A．Plantingrighttreesingardens.B．Buyinganivoryvaseforagift.C．DonatingsomemoneytoWWF.D．Readingbooksaboutwildlife.B[細微環節理解題。比較選項，并結合常識可知B項就是作者所不能同意的。]7．Inwhichsectionofanewspaperwouldyoumostprobablyreadthispassage?A．Environment. B．Teaching.C．Business. D．Geography.A[文章出處題。本文主要講了野生動物愛護的一些建議。這些建議與環境有關系。]Ⅱ.閱讀七選五Youneedtodresswarmlywhenyouplayinthesnow.Andtogetaroundindeepsnow，youmightneedsnowshoes.Animalsneedwintercoatsandsnowshoestoo.Amuskox(麝牛)wearstwocoatsinwinter.1Itkeepstheinnercoatofsoftfurwarmanddry.Thefurryundercoatfallsoffeachspringandtheoxgrowsanewoneeverywinter.Asnowshoerabbitchangesitscoattomatchtheseason.2In3Aseal(海豹)hasanextralayerunderitsfurcoattoo.Thisthicklayeroffatliesundertheseal'sskinandisgreatatholdinginheatTheArcticfoxhasfuronthebottomsofitsfeetandoneofthewarmestdoublecoatsofanyanimal.Butonverycoldandwindydays，itaddssomething.4Apolarbear'sbigfeetactlikesnowshoes.5Thebottomofeachfootisprotectedbyfurandthefurhelpsthebearwalkonthesnowyground.A．Itcanrunveryquickly.B．Doyouwearasweaterunderyourcoat?C．Theycanmovequicklyacrossthesnow.D．Theoutercoatreachesalmosttotheground.E．Itusesitsthicktaillikeascarftocoveritsnoseandface.F．Insummeritsbrownfurhelpsithideamongdirtandrocks.G．Theyspreadoutthebear'sweightsoitcanwalkeasilyonthesnow.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章介紹了動物如何抵擋寒冷以及在冰天雪地里行走。1．D[依據下一句“Itkeepstheinnercoatofsoftfurwarmanddry.”可知，D項“外面的皮毛垂到地面”符合語境。D項中的outercoat與下一句中的innercoat相呼應。]2．F[依據該空前的“changesitscoattomatchtheseason”和該空后的“Inwinteritgrowswhitefurtomatchthesnow.”可知，雪兔的皮毛為了和不同的季節保持協調而發生改變，因此F項介紹雪兔的皮毛在夏天時的狀況符合語境。F項中的Insummer和下一句中的Inwinter形成對比。]3．B[依據該空后的“anextralayerunderitsfurcoattoo”可知，B項“你在外套里面穿毛衣嗎？”符合語境。B項中的“asweaterunderyourcoat”與下一句中的“anextralayerunderitsfurcoat”相呼應。]4．E[依據該空前的“itaddssomething”可知，北極狐的尾巴還可當作圍巾運用，包袱鼻子和臉。]5．G[依據該空前的“Apolarbear'sbigfeetactlikesnowshoes.”可知，北極熊寬大的腳可以分攤自身的重量并且保證它們在雪上輕松行走。]Ⅲ.語法填空Animalscanbecomeendangeredforanumberofreasons，butmanyexpertsbelievethatlossofhabitatisthemaincause.Someanimalsareput1.dangerwhenpeopletakeovertheirhabitats.Thisoften2.(occur)becausepeoplewantoneormoreoftheresources(資源)inthoseareas.Someforests，forexample，providewood3.isusedforthingslikepaperandfurniture，etc.Manytrees4.(cut)downeverydayforsuchpurposesbutnotenougharebeingplanted.Ithasseriouslydecreasedthepopulationofmanyspecies.Insomecases，lossofhabitatarisesfromforestfiresorfloodingofland.Environmentalistsandzoologistsare5.(frequent)tryingtodowhattheycantopreventthenumberofpopulationsfrom6.(drop)tooseriously.Sometimes，peopleinfluencenature，indi