考研英語一模擬試題及答案解析（6）

（1~20/共20題）完形填空

Thoughsomepeoplehavesuggestedthatwomenshouldreturntohouseworkinordertoleave

morejobsformen,theideahasbeen_1_bybothwomenandmeninpublic_2_polls.

Latelysomeunionofficialshavesuggestedthattoomanywomenare_3_intypesofwork

whichwere_4_formenandthatwomenshouldstepasidetomake_5_forunemployed

youngmen.Theyarguethatwomen,especiallywomenintheirchild-bearingyearsactually

delayeconomicdevelopmentandresult_6_lower_7_,poorqualityandinefficiency.

Tosolvetheproblem,theysuggestedthatworkingwomenstayathome_8_theirhusbands

orbrothersweregivendoublewages.Theyarguethatunderthese_9_,familieswouldremain

theirsamelevelofincome,andwomencouldrunthehouseand_10_childrenmuchbetter.

Thesuggestion,_11_zhasbeenflatlyrejectedby9outof10people_12_.

Someotherpeoplehavesuggestedanotherway_13_phasedemploymenttheory.The

theorysuggeststhatawomanworkertake_14_fromherjobwhensheissevenmonths

_15_andstayoffthejob_16_herbabyreachestheageof3,Itsuggeststhatwomenon

leavereceive75percentoftheir_17_salaryandbeallowedtoreturntoworkafterthe

three—yearperiod.Thiswill_18_children,women,theirfamiliesandthesocietyandit

_19_seemstobemore_20_thanthesuggestionthatwomenreturntotheirhomesforever.

第1題

A.refused

B.declined

C.rejected

0.inclined

第2題

A.attitude

B.reaction

C.idea

0.opinion

第3題

A.used

B.exploited

C.disused

□.employed

第4題

A.available

B.suitable

C.reliable

0.practical

第5題

A.course

B.route

C.way

D.path

第6題

A.with

B.in

C.from

D.on

第7題

A.product

B.productivity

C.production

□.produce

第8題

A.inthat

B.whereas

C.since

D.unless

第9題

A.environment

B.circumstances

C.condition

D.state

第10題

A.cultivate

B.bring

C.raise

D.feed

第11題

A.inadditionto

B.moreover

C.nevertheless

D.inaddition

第12題

A.polling

B.topoll

C.tobepolled

D.polled

第13題

A.called

B.calling

C.tocall

D.tobecalled

第14題

A.holiday

B.vocation

C.leave

0.vacation

第15題

A.fertile

B.productive

C.fruitful

D.pregnant

第16題

A.when

B.until

C.unless

D.as

第0題

A.typical

B.usual

C.normal

0.regular

第18題

A.profit

B.interest

C.benefitfrom

□.benefit

第19題

A.eventually

B.definitely

C.doubtfully

□,indefinitely

第20題

A.believable

B.acceptable

C.approvable

D.thinkable

下一題

(21~25/共20題)SectionIIReading

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.

MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

WhenDr.JohnW.Gofman,professorofmedicalphysicsattheUniversityofCaliforniaanda

leadingnuclearcritic,speaksofecocideinhisadversaryviewofnucleartechnology,hemeans

thefollowingAlargenuclearplantlikethatinKalkar,theNetherlands,wouldproduceabout200

poundsofplutoniumeachyear.Onepound,releasedintotheatmosphere,couldcause9billion

casesoflungcancer.Thiswasteproductmustbestoredfor500,000yearsbeforeitisofno

furtherdangertoman.Intheanticipatedreactoreconomy,itisestimatedthattherewillbe

10,000tonsofthismaterialinwesternEurope,ofwhichonetable—spoonfulofplutonium—239

representstheofficialmaximumpermissiblebodyburdenfor200,000people.Ratherthanbeing

biodegradable,plutoniumdestroysbiologicalproperties.

In1972theU.S.OccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministrationruledthattheasbestoslevelin

theworkplaceshouldbeloweredto2fiberspercubiccentimeterofair,buttheeffectivedateof

therulinghasbeendelayeduntilnow.TheInternationalFederationofChemicalandGeneral

WorkersUnionsreportthatthe2-fiberstandardwasbasedprimarilyononestudyof290menat

aBritishasbestosfactory.ButwhentheworkersattheBritishfactoryhadbeenreexaminedby

anotherphysician,40-70percenthadX-rayevidenceoflungabnormalities.Accordingtopresent

medicalinformationatthefactoryinquestion,outofatotalof29deathsthusfar,sevenwere

causedbylungcancer.AnaverageEuropeanorAmericanworkercomesintocontactwithsix

millionfibersaday.Wearenow,infact,findingcancerdeathswithinthefamilyoftheasbestos

worker;statesDr.IrvingSelikoff,oftheMountSinaiMedicalSchoolinNewYork.

Itisnowalsoclearthatvinylchloride,agasfromwhichthemostwidelyusedplasticsare

made,causesafatalcanceroftheblood-vesselceilsoftheliver.However,thehistoryofthe

researchonvinylchlorideis,insomeways,moredisturbingthantheWatergatecover-up.There

hasbeenevidenceofpotentiallyseriousdiseaseamongpolyvinylchlorideworkersfor25years

thathasbeenincompletelyappreciatedandinadequatelyapproachedbymedicalscientistsand

byregulatoryauthorities,summedupDr.SelikoffintheNewScientist.Atleast17workershave

beenkilledbyvinylchloridebecauseresearchoverthepast25yearswasnotfollowedup.And

forover10years,workershavebeenexposedtoconcentrationsofvinylchloride10timesthe

safelimitimposedbyDowChemicalCompany.Notesplutonium缽asbestos石棉polyvinyl

chloride聚氯乙烯

第21題

Bytheauthorecocidemostprobablymeans

A.wasteutilization.

B.ecologicalbalance.

C.radioactivereaction.

D.massivebiodestruction.

第22題

Accordingtothetext,theauthormentionsplutoniuminparagraph1to

A.estimatetheamountofnuclearmaterialinEurope.

B.exemplifyoneofthepossiblecausesoflungcancer.

C.highlightthemeasuresneededtopreventlungcancer.

D.showthedestructivepropertiesofindustrialwastematerials.

第23題

Thestyleofthesecondparagraphismainly

A.factuaL

B.sarcastic.

C.emotional.

0.argumentative.

第24題

Accordingtoparagraph3,someworkershavebeenkilledbyharmfulpollutantsinthat

A.productioncouldnotbehalted.

B.theyfailedtakesafetymeasures.

C.researchwasnotpursuedtoasolution.

□.safetyequipmentwasnotadequatelyprovided.

第25題

Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthattheauthorbelievesthat

A.nationwideapplicationofanti-pollutiondevicescanfinallypreventcancer.

B.toughlegislationisneededtosetlowerlimitsofworkerexposuretoharmfulchemicals.

C.moreresearchisrequiredintothecausesofcancerbeforefurtherprogresscanbemade.

0.industrializationmustbesloweddowntopreventfurtherspreadofcancer-causingagents.

上一題下一題

(26~30/共20題)SectionIIReading

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.

MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

EversinceJohnBurrowsandhiswifeCarolopenedtheirfirsthairsalonin1983,theyhavebeen

takingonapprentices.

Inmygeneration,anapprenticeshipwasthewaytolearnatradesoitwastheobviouswayfor

ustogettheskilledstaffweneeded,Mr.Burrowssays.

Today,theBurrowssalon,UpperCutinWeston-super-Mare,employs35people.Ofthe16

stylists,13progressedthroughapprenticeshipsandMr.Burrowsbelievesastrongcultureof

trainingisintegraltothecompanyssuccess.

Withouttheapprenticeshipsschemeourbusinesswouldntbeanythinglikethesizeitistoday,

Mr.Burrowssays.Thehigh-qualitytrainingtheapprenticeshipsprovideguaranteesgrowth.The

moreskillsstaffhave,themoreeffectiveabusinesswillbecome.

AlthoughMr.Burrowsisanadvocateofthescheme,heconcedesthatoccasionallyhehas

sufferedproblems.

Theyhaveexperiencedepisodesoftheft,poortimekeepingandbaddiscipline,buttheseare

thesortofthingyougetwhenyouemployanynumberofstaff.

Sometimeswehavetoaskapprenticestoleavebutoftentheysortthemselvesout.Oneyear

wehad100percentcompletionrate,butouraverageisaround80percent,whichisdoublethe

nationalrate.

Thereisariskforsmallbusinessesbutyoucanhelpminimizethepotentialforproblemsby

lookingatthepersonshistoryandbackground.

IfMr.Burrowshadonecriticismofthescheme,itisthattheNationalVocationalQualification

certificatesareverydifficultformanyoftheapprenticestopass.Thequalificationsarenot

easy—manyoftheyoungstersontheschemearenotacademicallygreatandtheyfinditdifficult.

Theyneedalotofone-to-onecoachingandalotofhelptobeabletopass.Butwhentheydoit

canbeextremelygratifying.

Oneofourapprenticeswasagirlwhowasdyslexicandhadbeenexpelledfromacoupleof

schools.Shewasdifficultatfirstbuttheothergirlsinthesalonhelpedherdevelopandshewent

ontoachieveNVQlevelfour.Nowsheisworkingfull-timeandhelpingothergirlsthroughthe

scheme.

AnothersmallcompanymakinguseoftheapprenticeshipschemeistheTopiaryTree,a

floristrybusinesswithtwoshopsinMaltonandHelmsley,NorthYorkshire.Withonlythree

full-timeemployeesitisoneofthesmallestbusinessesinthecountrytohavetakenonan

apprentice.

GemmaMagson,themanagerofthebusiness,wantedanapprenticebecauseshewasonce

oneherselfandwantedtooffersomeoneelsetheopportunityshehad.Herapprentice,also

calledGemma,spendsfourdaysaweekattheshopinMaltonandonedayaweekattheAskham

BryanTrainingCollegeinYork.ThebusinesshasreallybenefitedfromhavingGemmaaround,Ms.

Magsonsays.

第26題

AccordingtoMr.Burrows,theapprenticeshipscheme

A.istheonlywaytobeginacareerinhisgeneration.

B.canhelphimfindthequalifiedstaffhewanted.

C.isthemostimportantfactortothecompanyssuccess.

0.secureshisbusinesstoconfrontnoproblemsallalong.

第27題

ThecriticismofMr.Burrowstowardtheschemeimpliesthat

A.heisveryangryformanyofhisapprenticesfailinginacquiringtheNVQcertificates.

B.thosewhohavephysicaldefectscanimpossiblypasstheexamsforNVQ.

C.theapprenticeswhohavegotNVQcertificatesalwayschoosetoleaveforanotherplace.

D.NVQissodifficultthathehastospendmoretimeinteachingtheyoungsters.

第28題

Fromthetext,wecaninferthat

A.mostoftheapprenticesinMr.Burrowsshopscancompletethescheme.

B.thereisnoappropriatewaytoavoidtheapprenticestheftorlatenessintheshop.

C.whethertheypasstheNVQornot,theapprenticesalwaysfeelcheerful.

0.duringthecourseofobtainingtheNVQ,theapprenticesarejustrivals,notfriends.

第29題

TheapprenticeshipcanbringGemmaMagsonmanybenefitsNOTbecauseit

A.makesherfreeupsometimetogetonwithotherthings.

B.bringsmanycreativeideastoherforinnovatinghershops.

C.helpshertooffersomeoneelsetheopportunitytolearnatrade.

D.savesheralotofenergiestoexpandthebusiness.

第30題

Thechiefviewpointofthetextisto

A.introducethepresentsituationofapprentices.

B.demonstratetheimportanceofapprenticeship.

C.showhowtochooseanexcellentapprentice.

□.comparethedifferencesbetweentwocompaniesinusingtheapprenticeship.

上一題下一題

(31~35/共20題)SectionIIReading

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.

MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Istheliterarycriticlikethepoet,respondingcreatively,intuitively,subjectivelytothewritten

wordasthepoetrespondstohumanexperienceOristhecriticmorelikeascientist,followinga

seriesofdemonstrable,verifiablesteps,usinganobjectivemethodofanalysis

Forthewomanwhoisapractitioneroffeministliterarycriticism,thesubjectivityversus

objectivity,orcritic-as-artist-or-scientist,debatehasspecialsignificance;forher,thequestionis

notonlyacademic,butpoliticalaswell,andherdefinitionwillprovokespecialriskswhichever

sideoftheissueitfavors.Ifshedefinesfeministcriticismasobjectiveandscientific-avalid,

verifiable,intellectualmethodthatanyone,whethermanorwoman,canperform-thedefinition

notonlymakesthecritic-as-artistapproachimpossible,butmayalsohinderaccomplishmentof

theutilitarianpoliticalobjectivesofthosewhoseektochangetheacademicestablishmentand

itsthinking,especiallyaboutsexroles.Ifshedefinesfeministcriticismascreativeandintuitive,

privilegedasart,thenherworkbecomesvulnerabletotheprejudicesofstereotypicideasabout

thewaysinwhichwomenthink,andwillbedismissedbymuchoftheacademicestablishment.

Becauseoftheseprejudices,womenwhouseanintuitiveapproachintheircriticismmayfind

themselveschargedwithinabilitytobeanalytical,tobeobjective,ortothinkcritically.Whereas

menmaybefreetoclaimtheroleofcritic-as-artist,womenrundifferentprofessionalriskswhen

theychooseintuitionandprivateexperienceascriticalmethodanddefense.

Thesequestionsarepoliticalinthesensethatthedebateoverthemwillinevitablybelessan

explorationofabstractmattersinaspiritofdisinterestedinquirythananacademicpower

struggle,inwhichthecareersandprofessionalfortunesofmanywomenscholarsonlynow

enteringtheacademicprofessioninsubstantialnumberswillbeatstake,andwiththemthe

chancesforadistinctivecontributiontohumanisticunderstanding,acontributionthatmightbe

animportantinfluenceagainstsexisminoursociety.

Aslongastheacademicestablishmentcontinuestoregardobjectiveanalysisasmasculineand

anintuitiveapproachasfeminine,thetheoreticianmuststeeradelicatephilosophicalcourse

betweenthetwo.Ifshewishestoconstructatheoryoffeministcriticism,shewouldbewell

advisedtoplaceitwithintheframeworkofageneraltheoryofthecriticalprocessthatisneither

purelyobjectivenorpurelyintuitive.Hertheoryisthenmorelikelytobecomparedand

contrastedwithothertheoriesofcriticismwithsomedegreeofdispassionatedistance.

第31題

Whichofthefollowingtitlesbestsummarizesthecontentofthetext

A.HowTheoriesofLiteraryCriticismCanBestBeUsed

B.ProblemsConfrontingWomenWhoAreFeministLiteraryCritics

C.AHistoricalOverviewofFeministLiteraryCriticism

D.LiteraryCriticismArtorScience

第32題

Accordingtotheauthor;thedebatehasspecialsignificanceforthewomanwhoisatheoretician

offeministliterarycriticismbecause

A.womenwhoareliterarycriticsfaceprofessionalrisksdifferentfromthosefacedbymenwho

areliterarycritics.

B.therearelargenumbersofcapablewomenworkingwithintheacademicestablishment.

C.thereareafewpowerfulfeministcriticswhohavebeenrecognizedbytheacademic

establishment.

D.likeothercritics,mostwomenwhoareliterarycriticsdefinecriticismaseitherscientificor

artistic.

第33題

Theauthorspecificallymentionsallofthefollowingasdifficultiesthatparticularlyaffectwomen

whoaretheoreticiansoffeministliterarycriticismEXCEPTthe

A.tendencyofapredominantlymaleacademicestablishmenttoformpreconceptionsabout

women.

B.limitationsthatareimposedwhencriticismisdefinedasobjectiveandscientific.

C.likelihoodthattheworkofawomantheoreticianwhoclaimstheprivilegeofartwillbe

viewedwithprejudicebysomeacademics.

□.tendencyofmembersoftheacademicestablishmenttotreatallformsoffeministliterary

theorywithhostility.

第34題

Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorwoulddefineaspolitical(line1,Para.3)thequestionsthat

A.cannotberesolvedwithoutextensivedebate.

B.areprimarilyacademicinnatureandopentoabstractanalysis.

C.arecontestedlargelythroughcontentionoverpower.

D.willbedebatedbybothmenandwomen.

第35題

Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytobeoneoftheutilitarianpoliticalobjectivesmentionedby

theauthor

A.Toforgeanewtheoryofliterarycriticism.

B.Tbpursuetruthinadisinterestedmanner.

C.Todemonstratethatwomenareinterestedinliterarycriticismthatcanbeviewedeither

subjectivelyorobjectively.

D.Toconvincetheacademicestablishmenttorevisethewaysinwhichitassesseswomen

scholarsprofessionalqualities.

上一題下一題

(36~40/共20題)SectionIIReading

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.

MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Anthropologyisthestudyofhumanbeingsascreaturesofsociety.Itfastensitsattentionupon

thosephysicalcharacteristicsandindustrialtechniques,thoseconventionsandvalues,which

distinguishonecommunityfromallothersthatbelongtoadifferenttradition.

Thedistinguishingmarkofanthropologyamongthesocialsciencesisthatitincludesfor

seriousstudymoreothersocietiesthanourown.Foritspurposesanysocialregulationofmating

andreproductionisassignificantasourown,thoughitmaybethatoftheSeaDyakszandhave

nopossiblehistoricalrelationtothatofourcivilization.Totheanthropologist,ourcustomsand

thoseofaNewGuineatribearetwopossiblesocialschemesfordealingwithacommonproblem,

aridinsofarasheremainsananthropologistheisboundtoavoidanyweightingofoneinfavor

oftheother,lieisinterestedinhumanbehavior;notasitisshapedbyonetradition,ourown,but

asithasbeenshapedbyanytraditionwhatsoever.Heisinterestedinawiderangeofcustomthat

isfoundinvariouscultures,andhisobjectistounderstandthewayinwhichthesecultures

changeanddifferentiated,thedifferentformsthroughwhichtheyexpressthemselvesandthe

mannerinwhichthecustomsofanypeoplesfunctioninthelivesoftheindividuals.

Nowcustomhasnotbeencommonlyregardedasasubjectofanygreatmoment.Theinner

workingsofourownbrainswefeeltobeuniquelyworthyofinvestigation,butcustom,wehavea

wayofthinking,isbehavioratitsmostcommonplace.Asamatteroffact,itistheotherway

round.Traditionalcustomisamassofdetailedbehaviormoreastonishingthanwhatanyone

personcaneverevolveinindividualactions.Yetthatisarathertrivialaspectofthematter.The

factoffirstrateimportanceisthepredominantrolethatcustomplaysinexperienceandbelief,

andtheverygreatvarietiesitmaymanifest.

第36題

Accordingtothepassage,wecansaythatanthropology.

A.candealwithhumanbeingsasonegroupofthecreaturesinthelivingworld

B.canrevealanenormousdiversityoftraditions

C.canprovideinsightsintotherelationshipbetweenhumanbeingsandnature

D.candistinguishthehumanracefromothercreatures

第37題

Forseriousstudy,ananthropologist.

A.mustnotstudyhisownculture

B.isnotsupposedtohaveaprejudiceagainstanysociety

C.shouldfocusonthosesocietieswhicharehistoricallyrelatedtoeachother

D.isobligedtoworkonlyonthosesocietieswhichhavenohistoricalrelationshiptoeachother

第38題

Inthethirdparagraph,theauthoristrying.

A.tobecriticalofcustom

B.tosaythatanthropologyismoreimportantthanpsychology

C.tostrengthentherolecustomplaysinexperienceandbelief

D.todrawourattentiontotheimportanceofcustom

第39題

Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthormostprobablyagreewith

A.Thegoaloftheanthropologististounderstandthewayinwhichpeopleexpressthemselves.

B.Theanthropologisttriestounderstandwhyculturesarecarriedonwithoutanychange.

C.Theanthropologistsprofessionalinterestisaswideasthevarietyofcustoms.

D.AIIoftheabove.

第40題

Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage

A.Humanbehavior.

B.CreaturesofSociety.

C.TheScienceofCustom.

D.TheFunctionsofCultures.

上一題下一題

（41~45/共5題）PartB

Directions:

Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethe

mostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextra

choices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.

[A]Usediesel-electrichybridbusesinruralareas.

[B]Talkaboutthebenefitsofwalkingtoschool.

[C]Talkaboutthepricesoftraditionalschoolbuses.

[D]Findnewwaystocutbuscostsinruralareas.

[E]Compareschoolbuseswithprivatecarsinsafety.

[F]Discussthedisadvantageofdrivingtoschool.

[G]Discusswalkingtoschoolfromtheperspectiveofparents.

Untillastspring,NiaParkerandtheotherkidsinherneighborhoodcommutedtoschoolon

Bus59.Butasfuelcostshaverisen,theColumbiaschooldistricthasneededtofindawaytocut

itstransportationcosts.SotheschooKsbusingcompanyredrewitsroutemap,eliminatingNia's

busaltogether;andadvocatedstudentstowalktoschool.

_41_

Instead,Niaandherneighborstravelthehalfmiletoschoolviaawalkingschoolbus-agroup

ofkids,supervisedbyanadultortwo,whomakethetrektogether.Itzshealthierforthemtowalk,

Niazsmom,whoapprovesofthechange.Nia,a9-year-oldwho'sinfourthgrade,seesother

advantages.Sincethebususedtopickupmanychildrenalongacircuitousroute,walkingto

schoolisactuallyquicker.IlikeitbecauseIgettosleeplate,andIdonztgetasgrouchy,Niasays.

Liketherestofus,schooldistrictsarefeelingpinchedbyrisingfuelcosts—andfindingnew

waystoadapt.Thedieselfuelthatpowersschoolbusesnowcostsanaverageof$4.28agallon,

up34percentinthepasttwoyears.AccordingtoasurveydonebytheAmericanAssociationof

SchoolAdministratorsinJuly,morethanonethirdofschooladministratorshaveeliminatedbus

stopsorroutesinordertostaywithinbudget.

_42_

Manyparentsaredelightedtoseetheirkidswalkingtoschool,partlybecausemanydidso

themselvesin1969,accordingtotheNationalHouseholdTravelSurvey,nearlyhalfofschoolkids

walkedorbikedtoschool,comparedwithonly16percentin2001.Modernparentshavebeen

leeryoflettingkidswalktoschoolforfearoftraffic,crimeorsimplebullying,butwithorganized

adultsupervision,thoseconcernshavediminished.

Schoolsandbusingcompaniesarefindingotherwaystosavebycuttingfieldtripsand

redrawingathleticschedulestoreducethedistancesofawaysportingevents.

_43_

Inruralareaswherebusingisamust,someschoolshaveevenoptedforfour-dayschool

weeks.FirstStudentTransportation,theleadingUSschoolbusprovider,istrainingdriversto

eliminateextrastopsfromroutes,toturnofftheenginewhileidlingandtochecktirepressure

everytimetheyleavethelot.FirstStudentisalsousingroute-optimizationsoftwaretodetermine

themostfuel-efficientroutes,whicharenztalwaystheshortestones.Afewschoolsnowuse

diesel-electrichybridbuses,whichachieve12milespergallon(comparedwith7mpgfora

traditionalbus).Butat$180,000,hybridscostmorethantwiceasmuchasatraditionaldieselbus,

sofewschoolshaveswitched.

_44_

Therecouldbedownsides,however,tothebusingcutbacks.Ifeveryformerlybusedstudent

beginshoofingittoschool,itzsanenvironmentalwin—butiftoomanyoftheirparentsdecideto

drivetheminstead,theoverallcarbonfootprintcangrow.

_45_

Onaverage,oneschoolbusreplaces36privatevehicles,saysMikeMartinoftheNational

AssociationforPupilTransportation,apro-busingadvocacygroup.Replacingbuseswithmany

moreparent-drivenminivanscanalsoincreasesafetyrisksMartincitesa2002reportbythe

NationalAcademyofSciencesthatconcludedstudentsare13timessaferonaschoolbusthanin

apassengercar,sincebuseshavefeweraccidentsandwithstandthembetterduetotheirsize.

第41題

第42題

第43題

第44題

第45題

上一題下一題

(46~50/共5題)PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto

Chinese.(10points)

Innovationdiedin2008,killedoffbyoveruse,misuse,narrowness,incrementalismandfailureto

evolve.ItwasdoneinbyCEOs,consultants,marketeers,advertisersandbusinessjournalistswho

degradedanddevaluedtheideabyconflatingitwithchange,technology,design,globalization,

trendiness,andanythingnew.Itwasdoneinbyanobsessionwithmeasurement,metricsand

mathandademandforpredictabilityinanunpredictableworld.(46)Theconceptwasalsodonein,

strangelyenough,byamale-dominatedeconomicleadershipthatrejectedtheextraordinary

progressinuncertaintyplanningandstrategybeingdoneatkeyschoolsofdesignthatcouldhave

givennewlifetoinnovation.Tothem,designissomethingtheirwivesdowithcurtains,nota

methodologyorphilosophytodealwithlifeinconstantbeta-lifein2009.Intheend,Innovation

provedtobeweakasbothatacticandstrategyinthefaceofeconomicandsocialturmoil.It

couldntgetussafelythroughthetroublesof08(indeed,financialinnovationwastolargedegree

responsiblefortheeconomictrainwreck).Mostimportantly,innovationcannotguideusintoan

uncertainandtumultuousfuture.(47)ltistoonarrowtogenerateradicalalternativeoptionsand

buildrisk-takingfrontierskillsneededtoremakeandrestructureourlives,oureconomiesand

ourcountries.Weneedadeeper,morerobustconcept.Transformationcapturesthekeychanges

alreadyunderwayandcanhelpguideusintothefuture.(48)ltimpliesthatourliveswill

increasinglybeorganizedarounddigitalplatformsandnetworksthatwillreplacelargeimpressive

buildingsandbigorganizations.Globalnetworksoftrustedrelationshipsworkingwithin

ecosystemsplatformswillmakeupoursocio-economicandpoliticalworlds.Itisalready

underway.TheconceptofTransformationtakesthesechangesmuchfurther.(49)Most

importantly,Transformationacceptsthenotionthatweareinapost-consumersociety,defined

bytwogroupsofeconomicplayersmanufacturersandconsumers.Transformationdealswitha

newCreativitySociety,inwhichweareallbothproducersandconsumersofvalue.Lookaround

andyoucanseeGenYinparticularcreatingpracticallyfrombirth,mashingmusic,designing

FacebookorMySpacepages,doingvideosandpodcasts-creatingvalue.FrankComesatMcKinsey,

putsitthiswayInthepast,economicvaluewasgeneratedbytransaction.Increasingly,economic

valueisgeneratedthroughinteractions.Thekeyismonetizingthoseinte