2021-2022學(xué)年上海市奉賢中學(xué)高二下學(xué)期期中線上教學(xué)調(diào)研檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)試題II.GrammarandvocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.AmassivefiretorethroughthemainmarketinthecityofHargeisainnorthernSomaliaovernight,injuringabouttwodozenpeopleand____1____(destroy)hundredsofbusinesses,officialshavesaid.Images____2____(post)onsocialmediashowedflamesandhugecloudsofsmokeinthenightskyoverthecity,thecapitalofthebreakawayregionofSomaliland.Thecauseoftheblaze____3____devastatedthesprawlingWaheenmarket,thelifebloodofthecityandhome____4____anestimated2,000shopsandstalls,isnotyetknown.OfficialssaiditstartedonFridayeveningbutwaslargelybroughtundercontrolbydawnonSaturday,althoughsomesmallareaswerestillburning.“Thetownhasneverwitnessedsuchamassivecalamity,”Hargeisa’smayor,AbdikarimAhmedMooge,toldreportersatthescene.“ThisplacewastheeconomiccentreofHargeisaand____5____thefirefighters’besteffortsmadetocontainthefire,themarketisdestroyed.”Hesaidtheblazecouldhavebeenbroughtundercontrolbeforecausingsuchextensivedamagebutthatthefirefighters’attempt____6____(deny)duetoaccessproblems.Thevastmarketisacrowdedwarrenofshopsandmakeshiftstalls,withnoproperstreets,onlynarrowpathways.TheSomalilandpresident,MuseBihiAbdi,saidduringavisittoWaheen____7____about28people,nineofthemwomen,wereinjured,butthatsofarnolossoflife____8____(report).Hesaidthegovernmentwouldbereleasingonemilliondollarstohelpwiththeemergencyresponsetothedisaster.HargeisachamberofcommercechairmanJamalAideedsaidthelossofthemarketwasimmense____9____itaccountedfor40%to50%ofthecity’seconomy.“Ihavelosteverythingtonight,thisfirewasthebiggestIhaveeverseeninmylife,”saidmarkettraderBashiAli.“Ihadseveralbusinessesinthemarketandallofthemburnedtoashes._____10_____wecanlearnfromthisdisasteristoplanthemarketwell,”headded.【答案】1.destroying2.posted3.that##which4.to5.despite6.wasdenied7.that8.hadbeenreported9.as##since##because10.What【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是新聞報(bào)道。文章主要講述索馬里北部城市哈爾格薩的主市場(chǎng)一夜之間發(fā)生大火的事情?！?題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：索馬里北部城市哈爾格薩的主市場(chǎng)一夜之間發(fā)生大火，造成約20人受傷，數(shù)百家企業(yè)被燒毀。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，injuringabouttwodozenpeopleand____1____(destroy)hundredsofbusinesses是and并列的兩個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。故填destroying。【2題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：社交媒體上的圖片顯示，索馬里蘭分離地區(qū)的首府城市夜空中燃起了大火，濃煙滾滾。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，動(dòng)詞post和被修飾的名詞Images是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去分詞做后置定語(yǔ)。故填posted。【3題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：大火摧毀了廣闊的瓦楞紙板市場(chǎng)，這是城市的命脈，并且估計(jì)有2000家商店和攤位，但是大火的起因目前還不清楚。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，____3____devastatedthesprawlingWaheenmarket是限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞theblaze在從句中做主語(yǔ)，指物，故填that/which?！?題詳解】考查固定短語(yǔ)。句意：見(jiàn)第3題詳解。behometo表示“是...的家”的意思，符合句意。故填to?！?題詳解】考查介詞。句意：這個(gè)地方是哈爾格薩的經(jīng)濟(jì)中心，盡管消防員們盡了最大的努力來(lái)控制火勢(shì)，市場(chǎng)還是被毀了。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格后面是名詞短語(yǔ)thefirefighters’besteffortsmadetocontainthefire，和下文themarketisdestroyed是轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系，所以用介詞表示“雖然，盡管”的意思。故填despite?！?題詳解】考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：他說(shuō)，大火在造成如此廣泛的破壞之前本可以得到控制，但是由于通道問(wèn)題，消防隊(duì)員的努力被否認(rèn)了。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處是and后面的小分句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，這句話描述的是過(guò)去的事情，所以謂語(yǔ)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是thefirefighters’attempt，be動(dòng)詞用was。故填wasdenied?！?題詳解】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：索馬里蘭總統(tǒng)繆斯·比?！ぐ⒉嫉显谠L問(wèn)瓦欣期間說(shuō)，大約有28人受傷，其中9人是婦女，但是到目前為止還沒(méi)有人員死亡。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，____7____about28people,nineofthemwomen,wereinjured是said的賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中基本成分完整，上下文意思連貫，所以用連詞that引導(dǎo)。故填that?！?題詳解】考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：見(jiàn)第7題詳解。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處是sofarnolossoflife____8____的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，句子中描述的是過(guò)去的事情，而且有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)sofar，所以用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。故填hadbeenreported。【9題詳解】考查原因狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：哈爾格薩商會(huì)主席賈馬爾·艾迪德說(shuō)，市場(chǎng)的損失是巨大的，因?yàn)樗荚撌薪?jīng)濟(jì)的40%至50%。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格前后2個(gè)小分句之間是因果關(guān)系。故填as/since/because?！?0題詳解】考查主語(yǔ)從句。句意：我們可以從這次災(zāi)難中學(xué)到的就是要把市場(chǎng)規(guī)劃好。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，____10____wecanlearnfromthisdisaster是主語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少動(dòng)詞learn的賓語(yǔ)，表示“什么”的意思。故填What。SectionB從方框里選擇合適的詞語(yǔ)填空。imposemoraltoleratedangeringredientcontainloosingattitudespublishdisadvantagedexcusesAwisemanoncesaidthattheonlythingnecessaryforthevictoryofevilisforgoodmentodonothing.So,asapoliceofficer,Ihavesomeurgentthingstosaytogoodpeople.DayafterdaymymenandIstruggleto____11____anepidemicofcrimes.Somethinghasgoneterriblywrongwithouronce-proudAmericanwayoflife.Ithashappenedintheareaofvalues.Asignificant____12____isdisappearing,andIthinkIknowwhatitis:accountability.Accountabilityisn’thardtodefine.Itmeansthateverypersonisresponsibleforhisorheractionsandliablefortheirconsequences.Ofthemanyvaluesthatholdcivilizationtogether---honesty,kindness,andsoon---accountabilitymaybethemostimportantofall.Withoutit,therecanbenorespect,notrust,nolaw---and,ultimately,nosociety.Myjobasapoliceofficeristo____13____accountabilityonpeoplewhorefuse,orhaveneverlearned,toobligethemselvestodoso.Butaseverypolicemanknows,externalcontrolsonpeople’sbehaviorarefarlesseffectivethaninternalrestraintssuchasguilt,shameandembarrassment.Fortunatelytherearestillcommunities---smallertowns,usually---whereschoolsmaintaindisciplineandwhereparentsholdupstandardsthatdeclare:“Inthisfamilycertainthingsarenot____14____---theysimplyarenotdone!”Yetmoreandmore,especiallyinourlargercitiesandsuburbs,theseinnerrestraintsare____15____.Yourtypicalrobberhasnone.Heconsidersyourpropertyhisproperty;hetakeswhathewants,includingyourlifeifyou____16____him.Themaincauseofthisbreakdownisaradicalshiftin____17____.Thirtyyearsago,ifacrimewascommitted,societywasconsideredthevictim.Now,inashockingreversal,it’sthecriminalwhoisconsideredvictimized:byhisunderprivilegedupbringing,bytheschoolthatdidn’tteachhimtoread,bythechurchthatfailedtoreachhimwith____18____guidance,bytheparentswhodidn’tprovideastablehome.Idon’tbelieveit.Manyothersinequally____19____circumstanceschoosenottoengageincriminalactivities.Ifwefreethecriminal,evenpartly,fromaccountability,webecomeasocietyofendless____20____wherenooneacceptsresponsibilityforanything.WeinAmericadesperatelyneedmorepeoplewhobelievethatthepersonwhocommitsacrimeistheoneresponsibleforit.【答案】11.contain12.ingredient13.impose14.tolerated15.loosing16.anger17.attitudes18.moral19.disadvantaged20.excuses【解析】【分析】這是一篇議論文。本文從一名警察的角度分析了美國(guó)社會(huì)中犯罪活動(dòng)猖獗的原因。在美國(guó)，迫切需要更多人相信，一個(gè)人犯了罪應(yīng)該為其承擔(dān)責(zé)任，責(zé)任感的缺失和人們自我約束力的松散助長(zhǎng)了犯罪的發(fā)生，作者認(rèn)為對(duì)紀(jì)律和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的堅(jiān)持才是遏制犯罪的主要手段并呼吁人們更加自律，重視責(zé)任感的價(jià)值?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：日復(fù)一日，我和我的同伴努力遏制犯罪的蔓延。這里說(shuō)的是警察的職責(zé)，struggletodo，努力做某事，此處需要填動(dòng)詞原形，contain意為遏制，符合句意，故選contain?！?2題詳解】考查名詞。句意：一個(gè)重要的因素正在消失，我想我知道它是什么：責(zé)任。根據(jù)前文“Somethinghasgoneterriblywrongwithouronce-proudAmericanwayoflife.（我們?cè)?jīng)引以為傲的美國(guó)生活方式出現(xiàn)了嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。）”可知美國(guó)一個(gè)重要的因素正在消失，ingredient意為“因素”，符合句意，故選ingredient?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：作為一名警察，我的工作就是對(duì)那些拒絕或從未學(xué)會(huì)強(qiáng)迫自己這樣做的人負(fù)責(zé)。根據(jù)句子主語(yǔ)Myjobasapoliceofficer可知，警察的職責(zé)就是將責(zé)任強(qiáng)加到不愿意承擔(dān)責(zé)任的人身上，impose意為強(qiáng)加、迫使，故選impose。【14題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：在這個(gè)家庭里，有些事情是不能容忍的——它們就是不能做!根據(jù)前面的句子“whereschoolsmaintaindisciplineandwhereparentsholdupstandards（哪里的學(xué)校維持紀(jì)律，哪里的父母機(jī)就會(huì)維持標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）”可知，在學(xué)校有規(guī)則，父母在家給孩子制定了規(guī)矩，那么一些事情是不容許做的，tolerate意為容忍、容許，用的是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，此處需要填過(guò)去分詞，故選tolerated?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：但在越來(lái)越多的地方，特別是在大城市和郊區(qū)，這些內(nèi)心的束縛正在失去。根據(jù)Yet可知，這句話的內(nèi)容與前面是相反的，即越來(lái)越多的地方，這些內(nèi)在的約束正在消減，loosing意為松動(dòng)、放寬，用的是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，此處需要填現(xiàn)在分詞，故選loosing?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：如果你激怒了他，他會(huì)拿走他想要的，包括你的生命。根據(jù)前面的句子“Heconsidersyourpropertyhisproperty;hetakeswhathewants（他認(rèn)為你的財(cái)產(chǎn)就是他的財(cái)產(chǎn)；他拿走他想要的，包括你的命）”可知，如果你激怒了他，他甚至連你的生命也不顧惜。anger用作動(dòng)詞，意為惹惱、使生氣，故選anger?！?7題詳解】考查名詞。句意：這種社會(huì)崩塌的主要原因是人們態(tài)度的根本轉(zhuǎn)變。根據(jù)“Themaincauseofthisbreakdownisaradicalshift（這種社會(huì)崩塌的主要原因是一種根本性的轉(zhuǎn)變）”可知，這種責(zé)任制的滑坡主要原因是宗教態(tài)度上的變化，即理想信念的動(dòng)搖，所以使用attitude，意為態(tài)度，此處用復(fù)數(shù)表泛指，故選attitudes。【18題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：教會(huì)沒(méi)有給予他道德上的指導(dǎo)。根據(jù)“bytheschoolthatdidn’tteachhimtoread（不教他讀書(shū)的學(xué)校）”和“bytheparentswhodidn’tprovideastablehome.（因?yàn)楦改笡](méi)有提供穩(wěn)定的家庭。）”可知，學(xué)校和父母都沒(méi)有盡到應(yīng)有的職責(zé)，那么該空指的是教堂也沒(méi)有教育他禮節(jié)規(guī)范。moral意為道德上的，故選moral。【19題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：我不相信。許多同樣處于不利地位的其他人選擇不從事犯罪活動(dòng)。“Idon’tbelieveit.”表明了作者的態(tài)度和看法，那么本句說(shuō)明的是在同樣不良的環(huán)境下許多人還是不會(huì)犯罪的，disadvantaged意為不良的、有缺陷的，故選disadvantaged?！?0題詳解】考查名詞。句意：如果我們免除罪犯的責(zé)任，即使是部分免除責(zé)任，我們的社會(huì)就會(huì)充斥著各種借口，沒(méi)有人愿意為任何事情承擔(dān)責(zé)任。此處強(qiáng)調(diào)的是縱容犯罪的后果，如果我們縱容犯罪我們的社會(huì)就會(huì)充斥著各種借口，excuses意為理由（借口），此處用復(fù)數(shù)表泛指，故選excuses?！军c(diǎn)睛】III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Thecontinuouspresentationoffrighteningstoriesaboutglobalwarminginthepopularmediamakesusunnecessarilyfrightened.Evenworse,it____21____ourkids.AlGorefamously____22____howasea-levelriseof20feetwouldalmostcompletelyfloodFlorida,NewYork,Holland,andShanghai,eventhoughtheUnitedNationssaysthatsuchathingwillnotevenhappen,____23____thatsealevelswillrise20timeslessthanthat.When____24____withtheseexaggerations,someofussaythattheyareforagoodcause,andsurelythereisnoharmdoneiftheresultisthatwefocusevenmoreonhandlingclimatechange.This____25____isastonishinglywrong.Suchexaggerationsdoplentyofharm.Worryingexcessivelyaboutglobalwarmingmeansthatweworrylessaboutotherthings,wherewecoulddosomuchmoregood.Wefocus,____26____,onglobalwarming'simpactonmalaria(瘧疾)----whichwillputslightlymorepeopleat____27____in100years-insteadofdealingwiththehalfabillionpeople____28____frommalariatodaywithpreventionandtreatmentpoliciesthataremuchcheaperanddramaticallymoreeffectivethancarbonreductionwouldbe.Exaggerationalsowearsoutthepublic's____29____tocopewithglobalwarming.Iftheplanetiscertaintobedestroyedowingtoglobalwarming,peoplewonder,whydoanything?Arecord54%ofAmericanvotersnowbelievethenewsmediamakeglobalwarmingappearworsethanitreallyis.A____30____ofpeoplenowbelieve–incorrectly–thatglobalwarmingisnotevencausedbyhumans.Butthe____31____costofexaggeration,Ibelieve,istheunnecessaryalarmthatitcauses–particularlyamongchildren.AnarticleinTheWashingtonPostcitednine-year-oldAlyssa,whocriesaboutthepossibilityofmassanimal____32____fromglobalwarming.Thenewspaperalsoreportedthatparentsare____33____effectiveoutletsfortheireight-year-olds'concernwithdyingpolarbears.Theymightbebetteroffeducatingthemandlettingthemknowthat,____34____tocommonbelief,theglobalpolarbearpopulationhasdoubledoverthepasthalf-century,toabout22,000.____35____thepossibledisappearingofsummerArcticice,polarbearswillnotbecomeextinct.21.A.exhausts B.depresses C.terrifies D.exploits22.A.dismissed B.demonstrated C.deposited D.described23.A.measuring B.justifying C.estimating D.advocating24.A.faced B.identified C.equipped D.entitled25.A.announcement B.argument C.interaction D.dialogue26.A.forexample B.inaddition C.bycontrast D.inshort27.A.peace B.leisure C.ease D.risk28.A.suffering B.evolving C.developing D.prohibiting29.A.ability B.endurance C.willingness D.preference30.A.mixture B.majority C.quantity D.crowd31.A.smallest B.worst C.fewest D.least32.A.separation B.reservation C.isolation D.extinction33.A.turningout B.takingover C.searchingfor D.pullingthrough34.A.sensitive B.contrary C.related D.accustomed35.A.Despite B.Besides C.Without D.Except【答案】21.C22.D23.C24.A25.B26.A27.D28.A29.C30.B31.B32.D33.C34.B35.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述了夸大氣候變暖引起了一些不必要驚慌的現(xiàn)象。【21題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，它嚇到了我們的孩子們。A.exhausts使筋疲力盡，用盡；B.depresses使沮喪；C.terrifies使害怕；D.exploits利用，剝削。前文表明關(guān)于氣候變暖的驚悚報(bào)道讓我們感到恐懼，由此可知，此處表示它嚇到了我們的孩子們。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：AlGore曾描述過(guò)海平面上升20英尺幾乎會(huì)完全淹沒(méi)佛羅里達(dá)、紐約、荷蘭和上海。A.dismissed開(kāi)除，解散；B.demonstrated證明；C.deposited放下，放置；D.described描述。根據(jù)后文“howasea-levelriseof20feetwouldalmostcompletelyfloodFlorida…”可知，此處指的是描述的內(nèi)容。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管聯(lián)合國(guó)說(shuō)這樣的事情根本不會(huì)發(fā)生，估計(jì)海平面上升的幅度將比這個(gè)數(shù)字低20倍。A.measuring測(cè)量；B.justifying證明；C.estimating估計(jì)；D.advocating支持，擁護(hù)。根據(jù)后文“thatsealevelswillrise20timeslessthanthat.”和背景常識(shí)可知，此處是預(yù)測(cè)的情況，需用動(dòng)詞estimate。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我們面對(duì)這些夸大其詞的時(shí)候，我們中的一些人說(shuō)，它們是為了一個(gè)好的理由，如果結(jié)果是我們更加注重處理氣候變化，那肯定沒(méi)有什么壞處。A.faced面臨；B.identified確認(rèn)；C.equipped裝備；D.entitled使符合資格。根據(jù)空后“withtheseexaggerations”可知，空處需用faced，befacedwith…面臨……，固定短語(yǔ)。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這種觀點(diǎn)大錯(cuò)特錯(cuò)。A.announcement公告；B.argument爭(zhēng)論；C.interaction相互影響；D.dialogue對(duì)話。文章前面兩段都是在講AlGore與聯(lián)合國(guó)不同的觀點(diǎn)，因此這里填爭(zhēng)論。故選B?！?6題詳解】考查固定短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：例如，我們把重點(diǎn)放在全球變暖對(duì)瘧疾的影響上——這將在100年內(nèi)使更多的人處于危險(xiǎn)之中——而不是用比減少碳排放更便宜和更有效的預(yù)防和治療政策來(lái)對(duì)付今天的5億瘧疾患者。A.forexample例如；B.inaddition另外；C.bycontrast相比之下；D.inshort簡(jiǎn)而言之。從上下文我們可以看出這句話是舉例子，所以用forexample。故選A?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：例如，我們把重點(diǎn)放在全球變暖對(duì)瘧疾的影響上——這將在100年內(nèi)使更多的人處于危險(xiǎn)之中——而不是用比減少碳排放更便宜和更有效的預(yù)防和治療政策來(lái)對(duì)付今天的5億瘧疾患者。A.peace和平；B.leisure空閑；C.ease安逸；D.risk冒險(xiǎn)。atrisk為固定短語(yǔ)，表示“有危險(xiǎn)”。故選D。【28題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：例如，我們把重點(diǎn)放在全球變暖對(duì)瘧疾的影響上——這將在100年內(nèi)使更多的人處于危險(xiǎn)之中——而不是用比減少碳排放更便宜和更有效的預(yù)防和治療政策來(lái)對(duì)付今天的5億瘧疾患者。A.suffering遭受；B.evolving進(jìn)化；C.developing發(fā)展；D.prohibiting禁止。根據(jù)后文疾病malaria可知，空處需用suffer，sufferfrom表示“遭受；患……病”，固定短語(yǔ)。故選A?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：夸大其詞也削弱了公眾應(yīng)對(duì)全球變暖的意愿。A.ability能力；B.endurance忍耐力；C.willingness意愿；D.preference偏愛(ài)。根據(jù)后文“Iftheplanetiscertaintobedestroyedowingtoglobalwarming,peoplewonder,whydoanything?”可知，此處指公眾應(yīng)對(duì)全球變暖的意愿。故選C?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)人錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為，全球變暖甚至不是由人類引起的。A.mixture混合；B.majority大多數(shù)；C.quantity數(shù)量；D.crowd人群。根據(jù)前文“Arecord54%ofAmericanvotersnowbelievethenewsmediamakeglobalwarmingappearworsethanitreallyis.”可知，現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)人錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為，全球變暖不是人類造成的。故選B?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但我相信，夸張最糟糕的代價(jià)是它引起的不必要的恐慌，尤其是在兒童中。A.smallest最小的；B.worst最糟糕的；C.fewest最少的；D.least最少的。前面文章一直在講夸大全球變暖問(wèn)題所帶來(lái)的壞處，這里是作者想強(qiáng)調(diào)的最壞的代價(jià)，所以用worst。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：《華盛頓郵報(bào)》的一篇文章援引了9歲的Alyssa的話說(shuō)，全球變暖可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致大量動(dòng)物滅絕。A.separation分開(kāi)；B.reservation預(yù)約，預(yù)定；C.isolation孤立；D.extinction滅絕。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，全球變暖只有可能會(huì)造成大量動(dòng)物的滅絕。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：該報(bào)還報(bào)道說(shuō)，父母?jìng)冋跒樗麄?歲大的孩子尋找有效的途徑來(lái)表達(dá)他們對(duì)瀕臨死亡的北極熊的擔(dān)憂。A.turningout結(jié)果是，證明；B.takingover接管；C.searchingfor尋找；D.pullingthrough（大病后）康復(fù)。這里是說(shuō)有些小孩子擔(dān)心北極熊會(huì)滅絕，而這種擔(dān)心顯然對(duì)于他們來(lái)說(shuō)是多余的，所以一些家長(zhǎng)會(huì)尋找一些其他的東西來(lái)轉(zhuǎn)移孩子們的注意力。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他們最好是教育他們，讓他們知道，與人們普遍認(rèn)為的相反，全球北極熊的數(shù)量在過(guò)去半個(gè)世紀(jì)里翻了一番，達(dá)到了大約22000只。A.sensitive敏感的；B.contrary相反的；C.related相關(guān)的；D.accustomed習(xí)慣的。contraryto為固定搭配，表示“與……相反”，此處表示與之前看法相反。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管北極夏季的冰有可能消失，但北極熊不會(huì)滅絕。A.Despite盡管，雖然；B.Besides除……之外；C.Without沒(méi)有；D.Except除了。根據(jù)空前后句意可知，空處需用despite引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)。故選A。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.（A）OnthepristinecoastofthesouthernIndianstateofTamilNadu,asmallfishingvillagecalledMahabalipuramishometoMumuSurfSchool,oneofthemostpopularsurfingschoolsinIndia.ItisrunbyMukeshPanjanathan,alsoknownasMumu,wholivestwominutesfromtheschoolonthebeach.Everymorning,hewatchesthesunlightsparkleontheseawater,andpalmleavesswaywiththebreeze.Alongtheshorearekattumarams,whichheusedtosneakintotheseaasachildtoridethewaves.Butasbeautifulasitlooks,thebeachtownhasadarkside.Mumuwasonly12–theyoungestofsixsiblings–whenhisfather,whosufferedfromalcoholism-relatedhealthproblems,diedbysuicide.“Alcoholaddictionisanimmensechallengeforfishingcommunities.”VincentJain,thedeputychiefoftheSouthIndianFederationofFishermenSocieties,toldVICE.“Mostofthemstartdrinkingwhentheyreachtheirteensandstartearningsomemoney.”Itiscommonforfishermentodrinkuptothreetimesaday,andpayingfortheiraddictionusesupmuchofthemoneytheymake.Asthingsstand,theirincomehasbeendecreasingbecauseoflarge-scalecommercialfishingactivitiesandtheclimatecrisis.Mumu,now36,saidfishermenusealcoholasa“painkiller”becauseoftheexhaustingnatureoftheirjobs.Theypaddle（用槳?jiǎng)潱﹖heirboatsintotheseaasearlyasthreeinthemorning,sometimesinveryharshconditions,andreturnwithabatchoffishatsunrise.Thatis,ifthey’reinluck,therestofthedayleavesthemwithnothingtodo.“Drinkingmakesthemfeelbetter.Slowly,itbecomesahabit,”hesaid.“Butthingsarechanging.”O(jiān)verthelast15years,theriseofsurfcultureinMahabalipuramhasnotonlytransformeditintooneofIndia’stopwatersportsdestinations,butalsoopeneddoorsfortheyoungtopursuealternativecareers.“Thecominggenerationshavemuchmorefreedomtochoosewhattheywanttodo,insteadofsittingaroundandgettingdrunk.”saidMumu,whoisamongthefirstsurferstoemergefromthelocalfishingcommunity.36.Accordingtoparagraph2,theunderlineword“kattumaarams”probablyrefersto.A.thealternativefortheword“wave”inMahabalipuramB.akindofboatusedinMahabalipuramC.theanimalslivingalongtheshoreD.thefriendsofMumuwithwhomhewenttothesea37.WhydoestheauthorthinkMahabalipuramhasadarkside?A.Thedrinkingcultureherecausesalotoftrouble.B.Manypeoplediedyounginthisplace.C.Thepeopleherearetooaddictedtosurfing.D.Thenighthereislongerthanotherplaces.38.WhichofthefollowingisnotthereasonwhysomefishermeninMahabalipuramareaddictedtodrinking?A.Theyhavenothingtodoafterfinishingtheirjob.B.Drinkingreducestheirphysicalpaincausedbytheirjob.C.Theyaresousedtodrinkingthattheycan’tquitit.D.Drinkingrelievesthemofthetirednesscausedbytheirjob.39.Inthefollowingparagraphstheauthorisprobablygoingtowriteabout.A.howMumubecameasurferinthevillageandstartedMumuSurfSchoolB.thenewalternativecareerstheyoungcanchooseinthevillageC.howsurfingculturehelpsfishermeninthevillagegetridofdrinkingD.otherwatersportsdestinationsinIndia【答案】36.B37.A38.B39.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。介紹了印度南部一個(gè)名叫Mahabalipuram的小漁村——Mumu沖浪學(xué)校的所在地，曾經(jīng)酗酒對(duì)這個(gè)海濱小鎮(zhèn)來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)巨大的挑戰(zhàn)，現(xiàn)在由于沖浪文化的興起，不僅使其成為印度頂級(jí)水上運(yùn)動(dòng)目的地之一，而且為年輕人尋求其他職業(yè)打開(kāi)了大門(mén)。【36題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二自然段“Alongtheshorearekattumarams,whichheusedtosneakintotheseaasachildtoridethewaves.（沿著海岸是kattumarams，他小時(shí)候經(jīng)常用它們潛入大海乘風(fēng)破浪。）”可知，關(guān)系代詞which指代先行詞kattumarams，在定語(yǔ)從句中作used的賓語(yǔ)。由此可知，kattumarams是他潛入大海的一種工具。B項(xiàng)“akindofboatusedinMahabalipuram（Mahabalipuram使用的一種船）”與劃線詞詞義接近。故選B?！?7題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三自然段“Mumuwasonly12–theyoungestofsixsiblings–whenhisfather,whosufferedfromalcoholism-relatedhealthproblems,diedbysuicide.（Mumu只有12歲，是六個(gè)兄弟姐妹中最小的一個(gè)，他的父親因酗酒導(dǎo)致的健康問(wèn)題而自殺身亡。）”和第四自然段““Alcoholaddictionisanimmensechallengeforfishingcommunities.”（“酗酒對(duì)漁業(yè)社區(qū)來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。”）”可知，作者認(rèn)為這個(gè)海濱小鎮(zhèn)也有陰暗的一面是因?yàn)檫@里的飲酒文化帶來(lái)了很多麻煩。故選A。【38題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Thatis,ifthey’reinluck,therestofthedayleavesthemwithnothingtodo.（也就是說(shuō)，如果他們運(yùn)氣好的話，剩下的時(shí)間他們將無(wú)所事事。）”可知，A項(xiàng)“Theyhavenothingtodoafterfinishingtheirjob.（他們完成工作后無(wú)事可做。）”是漁民飲酒上癮的原因之一；根據(jù)第五自然段“Itiscommonforfishermentodrinkuptothreetimesaday,andpayingfortheiraddictionusesupmuchofthemoneytheymake.（漁民每天最多喝三次酒是很常見(jiàn)的，為他們上癮買(mǎi)單會(huì)消耗掉他們賺的大部分錢(qián)。）”可知，C項(xiàng)“Theyaresousedtodrinkingthattheycan’tquitit.（他們太習(xí)慣喝酒了，戒不掉。）”也是漁民飲酒上癮的原因之一；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段第一句“Mumu,now36,saidfishermenusealcoholasa“painkiller”becauseoftheexhaustingnatureoftheirjobs.（現(xiàn)年36歲的Mumu說(shuō)，漁民使用酒精作為“止痛藥”，因?yàn)樗麄兊墓ぷ骱芾邸＃笨芍?，D項(xiàng)“Drinkingrelievesthemofthetirednesscausedbytheirjob.（飲酒可以減輕他們因工作而產(chǎn)生的疲勞。）”是漁民飲酒上癮的原因之一，且該句及全文都不能推斷出“Drinkingreducestheirphysicalpaincausedbytheirjob.（飲酒可以減輕他們因工作引起的身體疼痛。）”。故選B?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段““Butthingsarechanging.”（“但情況正在改變?！保币约白詈笠欢巍癘verthelast15years,theriseofsurfcultureinMahabalipuramhasnotonlytransformeditintooneofIndia’stopwatersportsdestinations,butalsoopeneddoorsfortheyoungtopursuealternativecareers.“Thecominggenerationshavemuchmorefreedomtochoosewhattheywanttodo,insteadofsittingaroundandgettingdrunk.”saidMumu,（在過(guò)去15年中，Mahabalipuram沖浪文化的興起不僅使其成為印度頂級(jí)水上運(yùn)動(dòng)目的地之一，而且為年輕人尋求其他職業(yè)打開(kāi)了大門(mén)?！昂蟠懈嗟淖杂蛇x擇他們想做的事，而不是坐在那里喝得酩酊大醉。”Mumu說(shuō)，）”可知，接下來(lái)作者要談?wù)摏_浪文化如何幫助村里的漁民戒酒的。故選C。（B）Gettingyourchildrentostoplyingischallenging.Therearemanyinfluences(TV,movies,videogamesandsomegreatbooks)inwhichliesarecommon.Childrenseeparentslietoothers,ifonlytobepolite.MostparentsaddtothatwithtalesaboutthelivesandactivitiesofSantaClausortheToothFairy,ortorelievefears.(“Thiswillnothurt!”)Parentsdothisoutoflove,butforsomechildren,lyingcanbecomeaproblem.Themostcommonreactionstochildrenwholieareexplainingwhyitiswrongandpunishment.Aswaysofchangingbehavior,theseareineffective.Herearethreebettertoolssupportedbyresearchtouseinstead.PRAISE:Youcouldaskyourchildtosaysomethingthathappenedatschoolthatistrue.Itisnotcriticalwhatthatis.Thisisaboutpractice.Whenyourchilddoesso,praisehimenthusiastically.Bespecific:“Thatwasgreat!YoutoldmewhathappenedjustlikeIasked.Wow!”andgiveyourchildahugorahighfive.Ifyourchildsayssomethingtrueinthecourseofherday,praisethatbehaviortoo.Aimforoneortwointeractionslikethisaday.Ifyouhappento“catch”yourchildinalie,bematter-of-factinyourdisapproval.Saysomethinglike,“Thatisnottrueandcouldgetyouintroubleoutsideofthehome;itisbettertosaythetruth.”MODEL:Tellthetruth.Thiscouldbeaboutsomethingthathappenedwhenyouwereachildorsomethingthathappenedduringtheday.Itneednotbedramatic.Anotheroptionistoplayagameatdinner.Eachpersontellsonethingthatwastruethatday.Again,givealittlepraisetothechildwhonormallyliesifsheplaysalong.DE-EMPHASIZEPUNISHMENTANDMORALIZING:Theyareunlikelytochangebehaviorordeveloptheconductyouwant.Thatdoesnotmeanignoringlyingorlettingitgo.Rather,useverylightpunishment(lightcriticism,abrieftime-out).Moresevere,harshorenduringpunishments(shouting,takingawaysomethingforaweek,hitting)arenotmoreeffectiveinactuallychangingthefrequencyoflying.Trytheseproceduresfortwoorthreeweeksandseewhereyouare.Usuallytheycanbedroppedbythen.Itisunlikelythatlyingwillbecompletelyeliminated,butwiththerightencouragement,itcanbedramaticallylessened.40.Accordingtothepassage,whyisitachallengetogetkidsnottolie?A.Theyhaveproblemstellingtruthfromlies.B.Theyarenotcriticizedproperlyforlying.C.Theyaremuchexposedtoliesinlife.D.Theytendtotellliesbynature.41.Accordingtothepassage,whatareparentsrecommendedtodo?A.Pretendnottohaveseenyourkidslieeveniftheylie.B.Praiseyourkidsiftheytellfewerliesinaday.C.Playagameofmakingupstoriesatdinner.D.Punishkidsforlyinginamildway.42.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Reasonswhyit’sdifficulttostoplying.B.Toolswithwhichtofindoutifyourkidslie.C.Properwaystopreventtourkidstellinglies.D.Proceduresofgivingyourkidsencouragement.【答案】40.C41.D42.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹3種讓孩子改掉撒謊行為的方法?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Gettingyourchildrentostoplyingischallenging.Therearemanyinfluences(TV,movies,videogamesandsomegreatbooks)inwhichliesarecommon.Childrenseeparentslietoothers,ifonlytobepolite.MostparentsaddtothatwithtalesaboutthelivesandactivitiesofSantaClausortheToothFairy,ortorelievefears.”(讓你的孩子停止撒謊是很有挑戰(zhàn)性的。有很多影響因素(電視、電影、視頻游戲和一些偉大的書(shū)籍)，其中謊言是很常見(jiàn)的。孩子們看到父母對(duì)別人撒謊，即使只是出于禮貌。大多數(shù)父母還會(huì)講述圣誕老人或牙仙的生活和活動(dòng)，或者是為了減輕恐懼。)可知，讓你的孩子停止撒謊是很有挑戰(zhàn)性的原因是他們?cè)谏钪械暮芏嗲闆r都暴露在謊言里。故選C?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Theyareunlikelytochangebehaviorordeveloptheconductyouwant.Thatdoesnotmeanignoring,lyingorlettingitgo.Rather,useverylightpunishment(lightcriticism,abrieftime-out).”(他們不太可能改變行為或發(fā)展成你想要的樣子。這并不意味著忽視、撒謊或放手。相反，使用非常輕微的懲罰(輕微的批評(píng)，短暫的暫停)。)可知，當(dāng)孩子撒謊時(shí)，父母?jìng)儽唤ㄗh使用輕微溫和的懲罰手段。故選D。【42題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Themostcommonreactionstochildrenwholieareexplainingwhyitiswrongandpunishment.Aswaysofchangingbehavior,theseareineffective.Herearethreebettertoolssupportedbyresearchtouseinstead.”(對(duì)于說(shuō)謊的孩子，最常見(jiàn)的反應(yīng)是解釋為什么說(shuō)謊是錯(cuò)誤的和懲罰。作為改變行為的方式，這些都是無(wú)效的。這里有三個(gè)由研究支持的更好的方法可以使用。)可知，這篇文章主要介紹讓孩子改掉說(shuō)謊的行為的方法。故選C。（C）Formillionsofyears,Arcticseaicehasexpandedandshrunkinarhythmicdancewiththesummersun.Humansevolvedinthisicyworld,andcivilizationreliedonitforclimatic,ecologicalandpoliticalstability.Butnowtheworldcomeseverclosertoafuturewithoutice.TheNationalSnowandIceDataCenterreportedthat2019’sminimumarcticseaiceextentwasthesecondlowestonrecord.Arcticsummerscouldbecomemostlyice-freein30years,andpossiblysoonerifcurrenttrendscontinue.Asthenorthernseaicedeclines,theworldmustunitetopreservewhatremainsoftheArctic.Althoughmostpeoplehaveneverseentheseaice,itseffectsareneverfaraway.Byreflectingsunlight,ArcticiceactsasEarth’sairconditioner.Oncedarkwaterreplacesbrilliantice,Earthcouldwarmsubstantially,equivalenttothewarmingcausedbytheadditionalreleaseofatrilliontonsofcarbondioxide(CO2)intotheatmosphereanddecliningseaicethreatenswildlife,fromthepolarbeartoalgaethatgrowbeneaththeseaice,supportingthelargeamountofmarinelife.Toavoidtheconsequencesthescientificcommunityshouldadvocatenotjustforloweringgreenhousegasemissions,butalsoforprotectingtheArcticfromexploitation.TheAntarcticshowstheway.Inthe1950s,countriesracedtoclaimtheAntarcticcontinentforresourcesandmilitaryinstallations.Enterthescientists.The1957-1958InternationalGeophysicalYearbroughttogetherscientistsfromcompetingcountriestostudyAntarctica,andcountriestemporarilysuspendedtheirterritorialdisputes(爭(zhēng)議).In1959,12countriessignedtheAntarcticTreatytopreservethecontinentforpeacefulscientificdiscoveryratherthanterritorialandmilitarygain.Sixtyyearslater,wemustnowsavetheArctic.AnewMarineArcticPeaceSanctuary(MAPS)TreatywouldprotecttheArcticOceanasascientificpreserveforpeacefulpurposesonly.SimilartoAntarctica,MAPSwouldprohibitresourceexploitation,commercialfishingandshipping,andmilitaryexercises.Sofar,only2non-ArcticcountrieshavesignedMAPS;97moreneedtosignontoenactitintolaw.Scientistscanhelp—justastheydidfortheAntarctic—bygivingstatementsofsupport,askingscienti