課時作業(十二)必修3Unit2HealthyeatingⅠ.閱讀理解A(2018·銀川檢測)Crossingyourlegsisanextremelymonhabit;mostpeopledon'tevennoticethatthey'redoingitwhentheysitdown.Whileyoumayfinditfortabletositwithonekneecrossedovertheother,itmightbecausinghealthproblemsthatyouarenotawareof.AstudypublishedinBloodPressureMonitoringstatedthatsittingwithyourlegscrossedcanincreaseyourbloodpressure.Thereasonforthisisthatthebloodinyourlegshastoworkagainstgravitytobepumpedbacktoyourheartandthatcrossingonelegovertheotherincreasesresistance,makingitevenharderforthebloodtocirculate.Thiscausesyourbodytoincreaseyourbloodpressuretopushthebloodbacktotheheart.Youwon'tfeelanyimmediateeffects,butrepeated,drawn-outincreasesinbloodpressurecancauselong-termhealthissues.So,planningtositforalongperiodoftime?Don'tkeepyourlegscrossed.“Crossingyourlegsatthekneecanalsocausepressureonthemajornerveinyourlegthatpassesjustbelowyourkneeandalongtheoutsideofyourleg，”explainsRichardGraves,amedicalexpert.Thispressurecancausenumbnessandtemporaryparalysis(麻痹)ofsomeofthemusclesinyourfootandleg,preventingyoufrombeingabletoraiseyourankle—whatweknowasthat“pins_and_needles”sensation.Whilethefeelingofdisfortmayonlylastaminuteortwo,repeatedlycrossingyourlegsuntiltheyfeelnumbcancausepermanentnervedamage.Sonexttimeyousitdown,trytogetyourselfinthehabitofsittingwithbothofyourfeetonthefloor.Notonlywillithelpyourpostureandstability,butitwillalsosaveyourhealthinthelongrun.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了人們將一條腿放在另一條腿上(蹺二郎腿)的習慣，這種行為會導致一些健康問題。【難句分析】Thereasonforthisisthatthebloodinyourlegshastoworkagainstgravitytobepumpedbacktoyourheartandthatcrossingonelegovertheotherincreasesresistance,makingitevenharderforthebloodtocirculate.(第二段第二句)分析：本句是一個主從復合句。兩個that引導的都是表語從句，“makingit...tocirculate”為現在分詞短語作結果狀語。譯文：這是因為腿部的血液要回流到心臟，就要與重力對抗，并且把一條腿放在另一條腿上會加劇這種對抗，這使得血液循環更難了。1．Whatcanwelearnaboutcrossingone'slegs?A．Itisaverybadsocialhabit，B．Itcandoharmtopeople'shealth.C．Itisusuallypracticeddeliberately.D．Itcanmakeothersfeelunfortable.答案與解析：B'考查細節理解。根據文章前三段內容可知，人們將一條腿放在另一條腿上(蹺二郎腿)會使血壓上升，給腿部和腳部的某些神經帶來壓力，引起健康問題。故選B項“它可能對人們的健康有害處”。2．Accordingtothestudy,sittingwithyourlegscrossedcan________.A．affectyourbloodpressureB．resistgravityeffectivelyC．leadtoheartattackseasilyD．improvethefunctionoflegs答案與解析：A'考查細節理解。根據第二段第一句“AstudypublishedinBloodPressureMonitoringstatedthatsittingwithyourlegscrossedcanincreaseyourbloodpressure.”可知，一項研究表明蹺二郎腿會影響血壓。故選A。3．Inthethirdparagraph“pinsandneedles”probablymeans________.A．beinghighlyflexibleB．beingalittletiredC．seriousmuscleinjuriesD．slightsharppains答案與解析：D'考查詞義猜測。根據上文可知，將一條腿放到另一條腿上所產生的這種壓力會使得腳部、腿部某些肌肉無知覺、麻痹。故選D項“輕微的刺痛”。4．Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A．Toparemonhabits.B．Toevaluatetheeffectsofanexperiment.C．Togivereaderssomeadvice.D．Tointroduceresearchmethods.答案與解析：C'考查寫作意圖。通讀文章內容可知，文章介紹將一條腿放在另一條腿上所導致的健康問題，旨在建議讀者不要蹺二郎腿。故選C。B(2018·合肥市高三調研性檢測)Theeffectsofcoffeeconsumptiononhealthhavelongbeenasubjectofconflictanduncertainty.Sincethe1980s,somehavespokenoutagainstcoffeeasit'sharmfultohealth,whileothershaveweledcoffeeforitssupposedbenefitstohealth.Accordingtoascientificreport,mildcoffeeconsumption,threetofivecupsperday,canbetakenasahealthydietarypattern,alongwithotherhealthfulbehavior.ThereportalsosaysthatcoffeeconsumptionhelpsreducetheriskofheartdiseaseanditprotectsagainstParkinson'sdisease.AccordingtoDr.DonaldHensrudofMayoClinic,highconsumptionofcoffeehashealthrisks.Dr.Hensrudmentionsthedangersofhighcoffeeconsumptionforpeoplewithacertainillnessthatslowsthebreakdownofcaffeineinthebody.Somestudiessaidthatdrinkingtwoormorecupsofcoffeedailycanactuallyincreasetheriskofheartdiseaseinthesepeople.AccordingtoconclusionsfromarecentstudyledbyDr.GregoryMarcus,adoctorfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,dailymoderateconsumptionofcaffeine,lessthan4cups,isnotassociatedwiththeseissues.Untilthescientificmunityreachesageneralagreementontheeffectsofcoffeeconsumptiononhumanhealth,itwillbeuptotheindividualtodecidewhetherthebenefitsofdrinkingcoffeearegreaterthantherisks.Wheninformedofthesepossiblehealthbenefitsandharmofdrinkingcoffee,Harwood,ahighschoolstudentstated,“Eventhoughtheremightbesomenegativeeffectsofdrinkingcoffee,forthemostpart,coffeedrinkingsoundsgoodforhealth.NottomentionIneedcoffeetostayawake.”【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了人們對咖啡是否有益于身體健康的幾種不同觀點。【難句分析】Dr.Hensrudmentionsthedangersofhighcoffeeconsumptionforpeoplewithacertainillnessthatslowsthebreakdownofcaffeineinthebody.分析：該句為主從復合句。句中thatslowsthebreakdownofcaffeineinthebody為that引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞acertainillness。譯文：Hensrud博士提到了對于患有某種疾病的人，大量飲用咖啡會有危害，(因為)這種病會減緩體內咖啡因的分解。5．Whatisthepeople'sattitudetowardstheeffectsofcoffeeonhealthaccordingtoParagraph1?A．Disapproving.B．Tolerant.C．Doubtful.D．Mixed.答案與解析：D考查細節理解。根據第一段第一句“Theeffectsofcoffeeconsumptiononhealthhavelongbeenasubjectofconflictanduncertainty.”可知，長期以來，飲用咖啡是否對健康有影響一直是有爭議的、不確定的。D項意為“混合的，混雜的”，符合題意，故D項正確。6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“moderate”inParagraph4probablymean?A．Personal.B．Slight.C．Reasonable.D．Heavy.答案與解析：C'考查詞義猜測。根據該句中的“lessthan4cups”可知，飲用的咖啡不超過4杯；據此可以判斷，該句是說，每天攝入適量的咖啡因對身體無害。據此可知，畫線詞意為“適度的”，故C項正確。7．WhatcanweinferaboutHarwood?A．He'llkeepondrinkingcoffee.B．Heloveshishighschoollife.C．Heoftenfallsasleepinclass.D．Hehassomehealthproblems.答案與解析：A'考查推理判斷。根據文章最后兩句“Eventhoughtheremightbesomenegativeeffectsofdrinkingcoffee,forthemostpart，coffeedrinkingsoundsgoodforhealth.NottomentionIneedcoffeetostayawake.”可知，Harwood認為，盡管喝咖啡可能會帶來一些負面影響，但大多數情況下，喝咖啡對健康有好處；更不用說，他需要咖啡來保持清醒。據此可以推斷，他將繼續喝咖啡，故A項正確。8．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．WhyPeopleLoveCoffee?B．HowCoffeeAffectsHealth?C．TheCultureofCoffeeDrinkingD．TheNewFindingsofHeartDisease答案與解析：B'考查標題判斷。通讀全文內容可知，文章主要介紹了人們對咖啡是否有益于身體健康說法不一。有人認為適量飲用咖啡有益身體健康，有人卻認為過量飲用咖啡會增加心臟病的發病率。據此可知，B項最適合作為本文的標題。Ⅱ.七選五(2018·云南省昆明市高三復習教學質量檢測)HowtoMakeaChineseHotPotEatingaChinesehotpotisaverymonexperience.Peoplegatheraroundthepot,dippingtheirfood,waitingforittocook,mixingtheirownseasonings(調味品)andenjoyingeachother'spany.__1__Firstly，preparealargepotofsoup.Thereisnorightorwrongwaytoprepareasoup,sofeelfreetomakeyourown.Asimplesoupcanbemadebyboilingwaterwiththeadditionofmeatbonesorfishheadsandamixtureofherbs,seasoningsandvegetables.Then,cutavarietyofmeatsandfishintothinslices.__2__Chooseanyfoodthatyouenjoy.SomemonchoicesforaChinesehotpotincludethinpiecesofbeef,pork,lambandsoon.Youcanmakeyourhotpotusingthemoretraditionalmethodofusingthemeatsandseafoodthatarelocaltoyou.Meanwhile,select,washandpreparesomevegetables.__3__MushroomsofallkindsarealsomontoChinesehotpotpreparations.__4__Athome,asinglehotpotwouldworkwellupto8peopledependingonthesizeofthepot.Makesureeveryoneissittinginacircleandhaseasyaccesstoeverythingonthetable.Prepareaseparatesmalldishforeachguesttomixtheirseasonings.__5__A．Finally,arrangetheseatingreasonably.B．Nowestheturntoenjoyyourhotpot!C．Itwillguaranteethattheitemswillcookquicklyandfully.D．HerearesomeeasystepstomakeaChinesehotpotathome.E．Formorevariety，considerdumplings，ricecakesandtangyuan.F．Popularchoicesinclude：cabbage,pealeaves,wintermelonandtomato.G．Itusuallylastsacoupleofhoursbecauseyouarecookingandeatinginsmallparts.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。吃火鍋在中國是常見的，本文介紹了做火鍋的步驟。1．答案與解析：D'根據該空位置并結合本文標題“HowtoMakeaChineseHotPot”可知，空處承上啟下，引出下文對如何做火鍋的敘述，故D項與此處匹配。2．答案與解析：C'根據前一句中的“cutavarietyofmeatsandfishintothinslices”可知，要將各種肉和魚切成薄片，據此可以判斷，這樣就能保證食物能很快煮熟，故C項正確。3．答案與解析：F'根據前一句“Meanwhile，select，washandpreparesomevegetables”可知，同時要選擇、清洗并準備一些蔬菜，據此可以判斷，空處列舉常見的用于火鍋的蔬菜，故F項正確。4．答案與解析：A'根據空處所在位置可知，空處為該段主題句；根據第二、三段第一句中的“Firstly”、“Then”并結合該段內容可知，該段介紹做火鍋的最后一步：合理安排好座位，故A項正確。5．答案與解析：B'根據空處所在的位置并結合語境可知，在火鍋的各種準備工作完畢后，就應該開始享受了，故B項正確。Ⅲ.語法填空(2018·濰坊模擬)Allthepartsofthehumanbodyworktogether,althougheachonehasitsspecialparttodo.Thestomachmusthaveatime__1__(rest)betweenmeals.Theotherpartsofthebodyrequirerest,too.Thisthey__2__(usual)getwhileweareasleep.Wemustnotfailtogivethemenoughrest,ortheywillsoonget__3__(wear)outandgiveustrouble.Sometimes,whenpeoplearenotwell__4__tiredout,theyfindtheycannotsleepwell__5__night.Anumberoflittlethingscancontributetoagoodsleep.Ahotfootbath,__6__drawsthebloodawayfromthebrain,frequentlywillbefound__7__(benefit).Aglassofhotmilkorcocoa,__8__(take)justbeforegoingtobed,oftenwillhavethesameeffect.Ifthesleeplessnessisaresultofindigestion(消化不良),aplaindietwillrelieve.Sleepinguponahardbedwithoutanypillowsometimes__9__(produce)thedesiredeffect.Alwayshaveplentyoffreshairintheroom.Keepthemindfreefromthecaresoftheday.Nevertakeany__10__(sleep)tabletsexceptupontheadviceofaphysician,fortheyusuallycontaindrugsthatwillinjuretheheart.【文章大意】本文是一篇科普類說明文。人體的各個器官都需要良好的休息。本文詳細介