2009年職稱英語真題之理工類B級（全）

含答案

第1部分：詞匯選項（第1?15題，每題1分，共15分）

下面每個句子中均有1個詞或短語劃有橫線，請為每處劃線部分確定1個意

義最為接近的選項。

1Wouldyoupleasecallnyhusbandassoonaspossible?

AvisitBphone

CconsultDinvite

2Wehadalongconversationaboutherparents.

AspeechBquestion

CtalkDdebate

3Thechairmanproposedthatwestopthemeeting.

AstatedBannounced

CdemandedDsuggested

4Obviouslythesepeoplecanbereliedoninacrisis.

AlivedonBdependedon

CbelievedinDjoinedin

5ThereisalwaysexcitementattheOlympicGameswhenanathletebreaks

arecord.

AbeatsBmaintains

CmatchesDtries

6Allthepupilsseemtobeverycheerful.

AhappyBhealthy

CnaughtyDbusy

7Thetraditionalpaintingsareexhibitedonthesecondfloor.

AlaidBdisplayed

CkeptDstored

8Shestoodthere,shakingwithfury.

AmiseryBlaughter

CangerDcry

9Maryevidentlyisthenostdi1igenlstudentamongus

AintelligentBbeautiful

CtalkativeDhardworking

10PersistentattemptstointerviewGarbowerefruitless.

AForcefulBReasonable

CContinuousDFirm

11Whycan，tyoustopyoureternalcomplaining?

AeverlastingBlong

CtemporaryDboring

12Hundredsofbuildingswerewreckedbytheearthquake.

AshakenBdamaged

CfallenDjumped

13Thesepaintingsareconsideredbymanytobeauthentic.

AfaithfulBroyal

CgenuineDsincere

14Manyeconomistshavegivenintothefatallureofmathematics.

AattractionBsimplicity

CpowerDrigor

15Tenyearsaftertheevent,herdeathstillremainsapuzzle

AmistBfog

CmysteryDsecret

第2部分：閱讀判斷（第16?22題，每題1分，共7分）

下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請根據短文的內容對每個句子做出判斷：如

果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇A;如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B;如

果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C。

RadiocarbonDating

Nowadaysscientistscananswermanyquestionsaboutthepastthrough

atechniquecalledradiocarbon（放射性碳），orcarbon-14,dating.Onekey

tounderstandinghowandbysomethinghappenedistodiscoverwhenit

happened.

Radiocarbondatingwasdevelopedinthelate1940sbyphysicist

WillardF.LibbyatheUniversityofChicago.Anatomofordinarycarbon,

calledcarbon-12,hassixprotons（中子）andsixneutrons（質子）inits

nucleus.Carbon-14,orC-14,isaradioactive,unstableformofcarbon

thathastwoextraneutrons（原子核）.Itreturnstoamorestableform

ofcarbonthroughaprocesscalleddecay（衰減）.Thisprocessinvolves

thelossofheextraneutronsandenergyfromthenucleus.

InLibby，sradiocarbondatingtechnique,theweakradioactive

emissions（放射）fromhisdecayprocessarecountedbyinstrumentssuch

asaradiationdetectorandcounter,hedecayrateisusedtodetermine

theproportionofC-14atomsinthesamplebeingdated.

Carbon-14isproducedintheEarth,satmospherewhennitrogen（氮）-14,

orN-14,

interactswithcosmicrays（宇宙射線）.Scientistsbelievesincethe

Earthwasformed,themountofnitrogenintheatmospherehasremained

constant.Consequently,C_14formationisthoughttooccurataconstant

rate.NowtheratioofC-14LOothercarbontomsintheatmosphereisknown.

Mostscientistsagreethatthisratioisusefulfordatingitemsbackto

atleast50,000years.

AlllifeonEarthismadeoforganicmolecules（分子）thatcontain

carbonatomscomingfromtheatmosphere.Soalllivingthingshaveabout

thesameratioofC-14

atomstoothercarbonatomsintheirtissues（組織）.Onceanorganism

（有機體）diesittopstakingincarboninanyform,anctheC-14already

presentbeginstodecay.OvertimetheamountofC-14inthematerial

decreases,andtheratioofC_14toothercarbontomsgoesdown.Interms

ofradiocarbondating,thefewerC-14atomsinasample,theolderthat

sampleis.

16Nowadaysmanyscientistsdependonradiocarbonfordatingage-old

objects

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

17Theradiocarbondatingtechniqueisonlyabout4Uyearsold

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

18Anatomofordinarycarbonhassixprotonsandeightneutrons

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

19Radarisusedtodeterminethecharacteristicsofradiocarbon

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

20Radiocarbonisreliableindatinganobjectbacktoatleast

50,000years.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

21TheC-14inanorganismbeginstodecaywhenitdies

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

22Thehalf-lifeofC-14isabout25,000years.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

第3部分：概括大意與完成句子（第23?30題，每題1分，共8分）

下面的短文后有2項測試任務：（1）第23?26題要求從所給的6個選項中為

第1?4段每段1選擇個最佳標題；（2）第27?30題要求從所給的6個選項中為每

個句子確定1個最佳選項。

Chimpanzees

1Chimpanzees（黑猩猩）willsoonbeextinct（滅絕）.Ifthepresent

rateofhuntingandhabitat（棲息地）destructioncontinues,thenwithin

20years,therewillbencchimpanzeeslivinginthewild.Butthisis

morethananenvironmentalormoraltragedy（悲居lj）.Chimpanzeeextinction

mayalsohaveprofoundimplications（含意）forthesurvivaloftheir

distantrelatives-humanbeings.

2In1975thebiologistMarie-ClaireKingandAllanWilson

discoveredthatthehumanandchimpanzeegenomes（基因組）matchbyover

98%.Comparethistotheir.ouse,usedasmodelforhumandiseaseinlab

tests,whichsharesonly60%ofitsDNAwithus.Infact,chimpanzeesare

farmoresimilartohumansthantheyaretoanyotherspeciesofmonkey.

Aswellasresemblingusgenetically,chimpsarehighlyintelligentand

abletousetools.Thesefactsaloneshouldbeenoughtomakeprotection

ofchimpsanurgentpriority（優先）.Butthereisanother,moreselfish

reasontopreservethechimp.

3Thechimpanzees'trumpcard（王牌）comesinthefieldofmedical

research.Chimpanzeesaresosimilartohumansthatveterinarians（獸

醫）oftenrefertohumanmedicaltextbookswhentreatingthem.Yet

chimpanzeesdoshowdifferencesinseveralkeyareas.Inparticular,

chimpsaremuchmoreresistanttoanumberofmajordiseases.Itisthis

abilitythatissointeresting.

4Forexample,chimpsseemtoshowamuchhigherresistancethan

humanstoHIV,thevirusthatcausesAIDS.Indeed,theiruseas

experimentalanimalsinAIDSresearchhasdeclinedbecausetheyareso

resistant.

5Bysequencingthechimpgenomeandpinpointing（找至lj）theplace

wherethechimpanzeeDNAsequencediffersfromthatofhumans,scientists

hopetobeabletodiscoverwhichpartofthegeneticcodegiveschimps

theirincreasedresistancetosomediseases.This,theyhope,willallow

themtodevelopnewandmoreeffectivetreatmentsforthehumanformsof

thesediseases.Suchtreatmentscouldincludetheproductionofnewdrugs

oreventhealteration（改變）ofthehumangeneticsequence.Therecently

completedhumangenomesequencingprojecthasshownthatsuchaneffort

isnowwellwithinourreach.

23Paragraph1

24Paragraph2

25Paragraph3

26Paragraph4

AReasonsforHIVresistance

BImplicationsofchimpanzeeextinctionforhumans

CEffectiveAIDStreatment

DGeneticsimilaritiesbetweenchimpsandhumans

EChimps'resistancetoHIV

FGeneticdifferencesbetweenchimpsandhumans

27Chimpanzeeextinctionmayaffect

28Thereisadifferenceoflessthan2%betweenthechimpand

29Scientistssuspectthatgenes.PlaYasignificantrolein

protectingchimpsfromgetting

30Thediscoveryofthegeneticcodeofchimpswillbehelpfulto

Asomehumandiseasetreatments

Bsomediseases

Chumansurvival

Dhumangenomes

Ekeyareas

Fhealthierlifestyle

第4部分：閱讀理解（第31?45題，每題3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據短文內容，為每題確定1

個最佳選項。

第一篇

Water

Thesecondmostimportantconstituent（構成成份）ofthebiosphere（生

物圈）isliquidwater.Thiscanonlyexistinaverynarrowrangeof

temperatures,sincewaterfreezesat0℃andboilsat100℃.Lifeaswe

knowitwouldonlybepossibleonthesurfaceofaplanetwhichhad

temperaturessomewherewithinthisnarrowrange.

Theearth,ssupplyofwaterprobablyremainsfairlyconstantin

quantity.Thetotalquantityofwaterisnotknownveryaccurately,but

itisaboutenoughtocoverthesurfaceoftheglobetoadepthofabout

twoandthree-quarterkilometers.Mostofitisintheformofthesalt

wateroftheoceans-about97percent.Therest

isfresh,butthree-quartersofthisisintheformoficeatthePoles

andonmountains,andcannotbeusedbylivingsystemsuntilmelted.Of

theremainingfractionalwhichissomewhatlessthanonepercentofthe

whole,thereis10-20timesasmuchstoredundergroundwaterasthereis

actuallyonthesurface.Thereisalsoatiny,butextremelyimportant

fractionofthewatersupplywhichispresentaswatervaporinthe

atmosphere.

Watervaporintheatmosphereisthechannelthroughwhichthewhole

water

circulation（循環）ofthebiospherehastopass.Waterevaporated（蒸

發）fromthesurfaceoftheoceans,fromlakesandriversandfrommoist

（潮濕的）earthisaddedtoit.Fromitthewatercomesoutagainasrain

orsnow,fallingoneithertheseaortheland.Thereis,asmightbe

expected,amoreintensiveevaporationperunitareaovertheseaand

oceansthanovertheland,butthereismorerainfalloverthelandthan

overtheoceans,andthebalanceisrestoredbytherunofffromtheland

intheformofrivers.

31Liquidwateronlyexists

Ainthecenteroftheearth.

Bonthesurfaceofourplanet.

Cinaverynarrowrangeoftemperatures.

Dinthecoastalareasoftheearth.

32ThetotalquantityofwateronEarth

Aremainsalmostunchanged.

Bhasgreatlyincreasedinrecentyears.

Cisdecreasingconstantly.

Disaffectedbyglobalwarming.

33MostofthefreshwateronEarth

Aisstoredunderground.

BisintheformoficeatthePolesandonmountains.

Cisfoundinriversandlakes.

Dcomesfromtherain.

34Theword"fraction"inthesecondparagraphmeans

Aaverysmallamount.

Balargearea.

Canimportantsystem.

Damajorsourceofinformation

35Thereismoreofrainfall

Aoverthemountainsthanovertherivers.

Bovertheriversthanoverthemountains

Covertheoceansthanovertheland.

Doverthelandthanovertheoceans.

第一篇

Mind-readingMachine

AteamofresearchersinCaliforniahasdevelopedawaytopredict

whatkindsofobjectspeoplearelookingatbyscanning（掃描）what,s

happeningintheirbrains.

Whenyoulookatsomething,youreyessendasignalaboutthatobject

toyourbrain.Differentregionsofthebrainprocesstheinformationyour

eyessend.Cellsinyourbraincalledneurons（神經元）areresponsible

forthisprocessing.

ThefMRI（functionalMagneticResonanceImaging）（功能性磁振造影）

brainscanscouldgenerallymatchelectricalactivityinthebraintothe

basicshapeofapicturethatsomeonewaslookingat.

Likecellsanywhereelseinyourbody,activeneuronsuseoxygen.

Bloodbringsoxygentotheneurons,andthemoreactiveaneuronis,the

moreoxygenitwillconsume.Themoreactivearegionofthebrain,the

moreactiveitsneurons,andinturn,themorebloodwilltraveltothat

region.AndbyusingfMRI,scientistscanvisualize（使???顯現）whichparts

ofthebrainreceivemorecxygen-richblood-andtherefore,whichparts

areworkingtoprocessinformation.

AnfMRImachineisadevicethatscansthebrainancmeasureschanges

inbloodflowtothebrain.Thetechnologyshowsresearchershowbrain

activitychangeswhenapersonthinks,looksatsomething,orcarriesout

anactivity1ikespeakingorreading.Byhighlightingtheareasofthe

brainatworkwhenapersonlooksatdifferentimages,fMRImayhelp

scientistsdeterminespecificpatternsofbrainactivityassociatedwith

differentkindsofimages.

TheCaliforniaresearcherstestedbrainactivitybyhavingtwo

volunteersviewhundredsofpicturesofeverydayobjects,likepeople,

animals,andfruits.ThescientistsusedanfMRImachinetorecordthe

volunteers，brainactivitywitheachphotographtheylookedat.Different

objectscauseddifferentregionsofthevolunteers，brainstolightup

onthescan,indicatingactivity.Thescientistsusedthisinformation

tobuildamodeltopredicthowthebrainmightrespondtoanyimagethe

eyessee.

Inasecondtest,thescientistsaskedthevolunteerstolookat120

newpictures.Likebefore,theirbrainswerescannedeverytimethey

lookedatanewimage.Thistime,thescientistsusedtheirmodeltomatch

thefMRIscanstotheimage.Forexample,ifascaninthesecondtest

showedthesamepatternofbrainactivitythatwasstronglyrelatedto

picturesofapplesinthefirsttest,theirmodelwouldhavepredicted

thevolunteerswerelookingatapples.

36Whatisresponsibleforprocessingtheinformationsentbyyour

eyes?

AThemagneticsysteminthebrain.

BThecentralpartoftheheart.

COxygen-richblood.

DNeuronsinthebrain.

37ThefunctionofanfMRImachineis

Atoshowhowneutronstakeinoxygen-richblood.

Btomeasurehowdensethebloodisinthebrain.

Ctorecordhowmuchoxygenthebrainconsumes.

Dtoidentifywhichpartsofthebrainareprocessinginformation

38Theexpression'"highlightingtheareasofthebrainatwork'in

paragraph5means

Agivinglighttothepartsofthebrainthatareprocessing

information.

Bmarkingthepartsofthebrainthatareprocessinginformation.

Cputtingthepartsofthebraintowork.

Dpreventingthepartsofthebrainfromworking.

39Theresearchersexperimentedon

Aanimalsandobjects.

BfMRImachines.

Ctwovolunteers.

Dthousandsofpictures.

40Whichofthefollov/ingcanbestreplacethetitleofthepassage?

ARecentDevelopmentinScienceandTechnology.

BYourThoughtsCanBeScanned.

CATechnologicalDream.

DAnIntelligentRobot.

第三篇

YouthEmancipationinSpain

TheSpanishGovernmentissoworriedaboutthenumberofyoungadults

stilllivingwiththeirparentsthatithasdecidedtohelpthemleave

thenest.

Around55percentofpeopleaged18-34inSpainstillsleepintheir

parents，homes,saysthelatestreportfromthecountry，sstate-run

InstituteofYouth.

Tocoax（勸誘）youngpeoplefromtheirhomes,theInstitutestarted

a"Youth

Emancipation（解放）〃programthismonth.Theprogramoffersguidance

infindingroomsandjobs.

Economistsblameyoungpeople*sfamilydependenceontheprecarious

（不穩定的）labormarketandincreasinghousingprices.Housingprices

haverisen17percentayearsince2000.

Culturalreasonsalsocontributetotheproblem,saysociologists（社

會學家）.FamilytiesinsouthEurope-Italy,PortugalandGreece-are

strongerthanthoseinmiddleandnorthEurope,saidSpanishsociologist

AlmudenaMorenoMinguezinherreport"TheLateEmancipationofSpanish

Youth:KeyforUnderstanding77.

general,youngpeopleinSpainfirmlybelieveinthefamilyas

themainbodyaroundwhichtheirprivatelifeisorganized,“saidMinguez.

InSpain-especiallyinthecountryside,itisnotuncommontofind

entiregroupsofaunts,uncles,cousins,niecesandnephews（外侄/侄子）

alllivingonthesamestreet.TheyregularlygettogetherforSunday

dinner.

Parents，toleranceisanotherfactor.Spanishparentsaccept

late-nightpartyingandarewaryofsettingbedtimerules.

〃Achildcanarrivehomeatwhatevertimehewants.Ifparentscomplain

he'llputupafightandcallthefatherafascist,saidJoseAntonio

G6mezYanez,a

sociologistatCarlosIIIUniversityinMadrid.

Mothers'willingnesstodochildren'shouseholdchores（家務）worsens

theproblem.DionisioMasso,a60-year-oldinMadrid,hasthreechildren

intheir20s.Theeldest,28,hasagirlfriendandajob.Butlifewith

mumisgood.

〃Hismumdoesthewashandcooksforhim;intheend,heliveswel1,〃

Massosaid.

41The“YouthEmancipation*programaimsathelpingyoungpeople

Afightforfreedom.

Bliveinanindependentway.

Cfightagainstsocialinjustice.

Dgetridoffamilyresponsibilities.

42Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph5thatfamilytiesarestronger

inPortugalthanin

AFinland.

BGreece.

CSpain.

DItaly.

43Youngpeople*sfamilydependencecanbeattributedtoallthe

followingfactorsEXCEPT

Aparents'tolerance.

Bhousingproblems.

Cculturaltraditions.

Dunwillingnesstogetmarried.

44WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueofDionisioMasso?

ASheis60yearsold.

BShehasaboyfriend.

CShehasthreechildren.

DShelivesinMadrid.

45Thephrase“waryof〃inparagraph8couldbebestreplacedby

Atiredof.

Bafraidof.

Ccautiousabout.

Dworriedabout.

第5部分：補全短文(第46?50題，每題2分，共10分)

下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個句子，其中5個取自短文，請根據短

文內容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復文章原貌。

ReducePackaging

PressureincreasedrecentlyonBritishsupermarketsandretailersto

reduce

packagingaspartofananti-wastecampaign.(46)Britain

generates4.6milliontonsofhouseholdwasteeveryyearbypackaging.

Dozensofpeoplehaveexpressedangerattheexcessofplastic

wrapping.

CampaignershavecalledonBritaintolearnfromotherEuropean

countries.(47)Whenreturnedbottlesareputinavendingmachine

(自動售貨機)，thedepositisrefunded.Environmentalistswarnthat

Britainlagsbehindinthis.

Therewerereportsofgrowinguneaseamongconsumersovertheamount

ofpackagingtheyhavetodealwith.Tradestandardsofficersalsoobject

toexcessive

packaging.(48)

InresponsetoacampaignbyBritain,sTheIndependentnewspaper,

leading

supermarketshavepointedtovariousinitiativestowinthepublic

confidence.(49)

Butcampaignerssaidretailersandthegovernmentcouldlearnmuch

fromanti-wastepracticesontheContinent.InSweden,non-recyclable

batterieshavebeen

taxedsince1991toencourageaswitchtoalternatives.(50)

InGermany,plasticbagsareunheardofinsupermarketsanddepositsare

paidforreusableplasticandglassbeveragebottles.

AInBelgium,whenyoubuysomethinginaplasticorglasscontainer,

youmakeadeposit.

DThisisbecausetoomuchpaddingcangivebuyersafalseimpression

ofwhattheyarebuying.

CThishasresultedina74percentreductioninsales.

DTescosaiditwassaving112,000tonsofcardboardayearby

switchingtoreusableplasticcrates(裝貨箱)fortransportingitsfresh

produce.

EThecampaignwasinitiatedbyTheIndependentnewspaper.

FIfaproductisover-packaged,don,tbuyit.

第6部分：完形填空（第51?55題，每題1分，共15分）

下面的短文有15處空白，請根據短文內容為每處空白確定一個最佳選項。

TakingaNapduringtheDay

MedicalexpertssaymostAmericansdonotgetenoughsleep.Theysay

more

Americansneedto(51)forashortperiodinthemiddleofthe

day.Theyare

advisingpeopletosleeplightly(52)continuingwithother

activities.

Onestudyearlierthisyearfoundthatpersonswhosleepforafew

minutesduring

thedaywerelesslikelytodieof(53)disease.Thestudy

followedmorethan

2,300Greekadults(54)aboutsixyears.Adultswhorestedfor

halfanhour

atleastthreetimesaweekhada37percent1ower(55)ofdying

fromheartdiseasethanthosewhodidnotnap.

Studyorganizerssaidthestrongest(56)wasinworkingmen.

Theysaid

napsmightimprovehealthbymitigating(減低)tension(57)by

work.

SomeEu