Unit3DiscoveringUsefulStructurePresentPerfectPassiveVoice完成時時態現在完成時：have/hasdone1.過去的動作一直持續到現在IhavelivedinChinafor5years.我在中國住了5年。（從5年前到現在，現在還在中國）2.過去的動作對現在產生影響Someone

hasbroken

thewindow.(窗戶現在是壞的)Ihavealreadylost

thekey.(我現在沒有鑰匙)I

haven'tread

thebookyet.(不了解書的內容)現在完成時主動：

被動：1)動作或狀態從過去開始,一直持續到現在,常與下列時間狀語連用:sofar,uptonow,uptillnow,bynow,recently,lately,inrecentyears;(ever)since+一般過去時,in/during/overthepast/last...years/months/days/weeks,overtheyears1.Hisfirstnovelhasreceivedgoodreviewssinceitcameoutlastmonth.2)動作或狀態發生在過去,但對現在有影響或結果2.Igotcaughtintherainandmysuithasbeendamaged.

have/hasdone

have/hasbeendone

現在完成時主動：

被動：3)固定句型:It/This/Thatisthefirst(second,third…)timethat…+現在完成時，表示“第幾次做某事”3.Thisisthefirsttimewehaveseenafilminthecinematogetherasafamily.

have/hasdone

have/hasbeendone

Whatispresentperfecttense?present(now)futurepast現在完成時

have/hasdone（過去分詞）表示說話時已經完成的動作，而且這個動作的結果對現在仍有影響;表示動作發生在過去，但一直持續到現在，并且有可能繼續持續下去。練習1.Everymeans______(try)toprotectpandasoverthepast10years.2.Manykindsofapps______(create)toattractyoungpeopletoplaygamessofar.3.Manywords_____(add)tothelanguagesinceitwaspublished.

hasbeentriedhavebeencreatedhavebeenadded肯定式：have/hasbeendone...否定式：have/hasnotbeendone...一般問句：Have/Has+主語+beendone特殊疑問句：疑問詞+have/has+主語+beendone現在完成被動語態的基本結構Thesingerhasbeeninvited(byTom).Thesingerhasnotbeeninvited(byTom).Hasthesingerbeeninvited(byTom)?Whohasbeeninvited(byTom)?

否定一般疑問對賓語提問過去完成時主動：

被動：1)過去的過去。常與過去完成時連用的時間狀語有by/before+一般過去時BythetimeJackreturnedfromhomefromEngland,hissonhadgraduatedfromcollege.2)固定句型:It/Thiswasthefirst/second/third...timethatsb.haddonesth..到過去某一時間某人第幾次做某事Itwasthefirsttimethathehadlefthisnativeland.haddone

hadbeendone

練習1.The

youngman,whenquestionedwhyhe_______(break)thelaw,justlookedatthepolicemanandsaidnothing.2.Nosooner________

MoYan________

(step)onthestagethantheaudiencebrokeintothunderousapplause.3.—DidyouhavedifficultyfindingAnn'shouse?—Notreally.She________(give)uscleardirectionsandwewereabletofinditeasily.4.Itisthefirsttimehe________(visit)thiscity.5.I_________(intend)tocallyou,butwaspreventedfromsomethingunexpected.練習6.Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhentheaudience________(interrupt)him7.ThoughI________(explain)thetextthreetimes,theboystillcouldn’tunderstandit.8.Iamsoupsetthatthehousewe_______(live)inforsomanyyearswasconsumedbythefire.9.Thecoffeeiswonderful!It

doesn’ttastelikeanythingI________(have)before.10.Ijumpedwithjoythemoment

I__________(receive)mydriver’slicense.練習【答案】1.hadbroken;2.hadstepped;3.hadgiven;4.hasvisited;5.hadintended;6.interrupted;7.hadexplained;8.hadlived;9.havehad;10.receivedYouhaveslainanenemy.Yourteamhasdestroyedtheturret.slay–slew-slainhave/hasdonehave/hasbeendoneAnallyhasbeenslain.Anenemyhasbeenslain.Youhavebeenslain.Yourturrethasbeendestroyed.現在完成時現在完成時的被動語態防御塔

殺死敵人盟友slay-slain-slain思考：什么時候用被動語態?

語態用來表示主語與謂語之間的關系，它是動詞的一種形式。英語中有兩種語態：主動語態和被動語態。主動語態表示主語是動作的執行者，而被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者。不知道動作的執行者沒有必要指出動作的執行者強調動作的承受者Presentperfectpassivevoice1.MuchhasbeenwrittenaboutthewondersoftheWorldWideWeb.2.People’sliveshavebeenchangedbyonlinecommunitiesandsocial

networks.3.Manypeoplehavebeenhelpedbytheclub.4.Jan’slifehasbeengreatlyimprovedbytheInternet.5.Thesoftwarehasbeendownloadedtohelpmyphonebatterylastlonger.6.HastheWi-Fipasswordbeenconfirmed?

7.Hasthebuttonbeenpressedyettocopythefile?8.Anidentitycardhasbeenlost.思考：現在完成時的被動語態有什么意義？Presentperfectpassivevoice主語和謂語是被動的關系：

表示動作從過去一直持續到現在，有可能還會繼續進行

動作已經完成，強調對現在造成的影響或結果例句現在完成時被動語態句式Theresearchhasbeendonesuccessfully.Theauthor’snewstoryhasnotbeenpublished.Has

hiswashingmachinebeenrepaired?

Whohasbeeninvited?肯定式：have/hasbeendone否定式：have/hasnotbeendone一般疑問句：把have/has提到主語的前面

特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+have/hasbeendonePresentperfectpassivevoice“三變”例：Theyhavesolvedtheproblem.原句主語(by+sb)賓語主語

謂語由主動被動“三不變”原句意思不變原句時態不變原句主謂賓以外成分不變Theproblem________________________bythem.hasbeensolved被動語態Ihavedownloadedthesoftwaretohelpmyphonebatterylastlonger.Someonehaslostanidentitycard.Thesoftwarehasbeendownloadedtohelpmyphonebatterylastlonger.Anidentitycardhasbeenlost.Changethesentencesintothepresentperfectpassivevoice.HaveyouconfirmedtheWi-Fipassword?Haveyoupressedthebuttonyettocopythefile?Hasanyonemadeacommentabouttheonlinedatabase?HastheWi-Fipasswordbeenconfirmed?Hasthebuttonbeenpressedyettocopythefile?Hasa/anycommentbeenmadeabouttheonlinedatabase?Theworld__________________________(turnupsidedown)sincetheinventionoftheInternetandtheintroductionofpersonalcomputersintonearlyeveryhome.ThetwininventionsofthepersonalcomputerandtheInternet___________________(consider)tobeamongthetwomostimportanteventsofthelastcentury.Theinternetisbringinggreatchangestomodernlife.Completethetextwiththecorrectformsof