2019外研版必修三Unit2Makingadifference2.2Usinglanguage目標導航目標導航重點詞匯和詞轉extendvt.持續，延伸→extensionn.持續，延伸2.enablevt.使能夠→abilityn.能力→ableadj.能夠的→disabledadj.殘疾的→disabilityn.殘疾，無能3.generosityn.慷慨，大方→generousadj.慷慨的，大方的4.hesitatevt.猶豫→hesitationn.猶豫5.assistancen．幫助，援助→assistvt.幫助，援助6.confirmationn．證實，證明→confirmvt.證實，證明7.missionn.職責，使命8.diseasen.疾病9.sensitiveadj.敏感的10.cancern.癌癥11.royaladj.王室的，皇室的12.registrationn.登記，注冊重點詞組1.begeneroustosb.對某人對方2.hesitatetodosth.猶豫做某事3.withtheassistanceof...在...的幫助下4.aidsb,with/insth(在某方面)幫助某人5.majorin主修6.besensitiveto對...敏感7.enablesbtodosth使某人做某事8.havetroubledoingsth做某事有問題9.beknownas作為...而出名10.bebasedon以...為依據重點語法過去分詞作定語1...Ryanhadtroublebelievingthewordsspokenbyhisteacher...2.InUganda,Ryanatlastsawthefinishedwellwithhisowneyes.知識精講知識精講過去分詞做定語過去分詞作定語的具體用法1．意義：及物動詞的過去分詞作定語往往表示被動和完成；不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語不表示被動，只表示完成。(1)表示被動和完成apollutedriver一條被污染的河流thewateredflowers澆過水的花(2)只表示完成，不表示被動fallenleaves落葉therisensun升起的太陽2．位置：單個的過去分詞作定語時，通常放在被修飾詞的前面；過去分詞短語作定語時，通常放在被修飾詞的后面，其作用相當于一個定語從句。Thestudentdressedinwhiteismydaughter.＝Thestudentwhoisdressedinwhiteismydaughter.穿白色衣服的那個學生是我女兒。注意：過去分詞作定語和現在分詞作定語的區別：(1)語態不同：現在分詞表示主動；過去分詞表示被動。Thequestiondiscussedwasveryimportant.討論過的那個問題很重要。Thehousestandingatthecornerofthestreetwasbuiltin2016.矗立在街道角落的那所房子是2016年建的。(2)時間關系上不同：現在分詞表示動作正在進行；過去分詞表示動作已經完成。eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(thechangingworld變化著的世界,thechangedworld改變了的世界))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(boilingwater沸騰的水,boiledwater開水))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(developingcountries發展中國家,developedcountries發達國家))3．過去分詞(done)、現在分詞的被動語態(beingdone)與動詞不定式的被動語態(tobedone)作定語的區別：Thebuildingbuiltlastyearisourclassroombuilding.去年建造的樓是我們的教學樓。Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowisourclassroombuilding.現在正在建造的樓是我們的教學樓。Thebuildingtobebuiltnextmonthisourclassroombuilding.下個月將要建造的樓是我們的教學樓。意義形式語態時態done被動完成beingdone被動進行tobedone被動尚未發生考點歸納：定語表“完成”或“被動”boiledwater開水fallenleaves落葉therisensun升起的太陽selectedapples精選蘋果spokenEnglish英語口語icedbeer冰鎮啤酒cookedfood熟食friedchips炸土豆條單個的過去分詞作定語時，一般放在被修飾詞語之前(如上例)，也可以放在所修飾詞語的后面。Look!Sheiscollectingusedbooks.Hurryup,thereisonlyalittletimeleft.過去分詞短語作定語時，須將分詞放在被修飾的詞語之后，功能相當于一個定語從句。Nearthewindow,thereisabookshelffilledwithmanybooks(=whichisfilledwithmanybooks).Herdaughter,broughtupbyme(=whowasbroughtupbyme)hasbeguntoworknow.過去分詞基本用法：(一)過去分詞作定語1.前置定語(1)被動意義：anrespectedguest一位受尊敬的客人Howmanyfinishedproductshaveyougotuptonow?到現在為止，你已經得到多少成品？=Howmanyproductsthathavebeenfinishedhaveyougotuptonow?(2)完成意義：aretiredworker一位退休的工人Thechildrenarecleaningthefallenleavesintheyard.孩子們正在打掃院子里的落葉。=Thechildrenarecleaningtheleavesthathavefallenintheyard.【總結】：___________________的過去分詞作定語，通常放在被修飾的名詞之_______________,作前置定語。表示______________和________________的意義。Keys:單個；前；被動；完成。2.后置定語Thingsseenarebetterthanthingsheard.眼見最好。=Thingswhichareseenarebetterthanthingswhichareheard.Thiswillbethebestnovelofitskindeverwritten.這將是這類小說中寫得最好的。=Thiswillbethebestnovelofitskindthathaseverbeenwritten.【總結】：過去分詞短語作定語時，放在被修飾的名詞_________________，作后置定語，作用相當于一個_________________________。Keys:后；從句。【注意】：(1)如被修飾的詞是something,anything,everything,nothing,-one,-body以及those等,分詞放在被修飾詞的后面。Doyouhaveanythingunfinished?你還有什么沒完成的事嗎？Heisoneofthosekidnapped.他是那些被綁架的人之一。(2)單個分詞也可以作后置定語,用以強調動作。Theydecidedtochangethematerialused.他們決定更換使用的材料。(3)不及物動詞的過去分詞僅表示時間的完成,無被動意義。現在分詞表示動作正在進行。fallenleaves落葉fallingleaves正在下落的樹葉adevelopedcountry發達國家adevelopingcountry發展中國家theboiledwater(涼）開水theboilingwater沸水用所給詞的適當形式填空。1.Doyouknowtheboy____(lie)underthebigtree?2.“Can’tyouread?”Marysaidangrily_________(point)tothenotice.3Thewoman_____(sell)vegetableshasgone.4.Thewheatiswateredbywater_____(bring)fromapond.5.Heisaleader________(respect)bythepeople.6.______(tell)tostayinBeijing,theboydecidednottoreturnedtohisvillage.7.Welivedinthehouse__________________(我舅舅們修建的).8.Anymedicine________(服用)withouttheadviceofadoctorcancausetrouble.9.Wespenttwohoursdiscussingtheplan__________________(她制定的).10.Mostofthepeople___________________(被邀請參加宴會的)werefamousscientists.Keys：1lying2pointing3selling4brought5respected6Havingbeentold7builtbymyuncles8taken9madebyhim.10invitedtotheparty.鞏固練習鞏固練習單句填空Therearestillmanyproblems_____________(solve)beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.Todaytherearemoreairplanes____________(carry)morepeoplethaneverbeforeintheskies.AnnieSalmon,disabled,isattendedthroughoutherschooldaysbyanurse___________(appoint)toguardher.Lastnight,thereweremillionsofpeople____________(watch)theopeningceremonyliveonTV.Theproducercomesregularlytocollectthecameras___________(return)toourshopforqualityproblems.LaurawasawayinParisforoveraweek.Whenshegothome,therewasapileofmail___________(wait)forher.Insomelanguages,100wordsmakeuphalfofallwords__________(use)indailyconversations.Thewitnesses_____________(question)bythepolicejustnowgaveverydifferentdescriptionsofthefight.Theroomisemptyexceptforabookshelf____________(stand)inonecorner.Wearehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecision______________(make)atthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourcompany.Doyouknowtheboy___________(lie)underthebigtree?Jimwasabouttostandupwhenhesawsomething_____________(move)nearhisfeet.It’sasnake!13.Thereisanotepinnedtothedoor______________(say)whentheshopwillopenagain.單項選擇1.

Most

of

the

artists

_____

to

the

party

were

from

South

Africa.

A.

invited

B.

to

invite

C.

being

invited

D.

had

been

invited

2.

The

computer

center,

_____last

year,

is

very

popular

among

the

students

in

this

school.

A.

open

B.

opening

C.

having

opened

D.

opened

3.

Cleaning

women

in

big

cities

usually

get

_____

by

the

hour.

A.

pay

B.

paying

C.

paid

D.

to

pay

4.—How

do

you

deal

with

the

disagreement

between

the

company

and

the

customers?

—The

key

_____

the

problem

is

to

meet

the

demand

_____

by

the

customers.

A.

to

solving;

making

B.

to

solving;

made

C.

to

solve;

making

D.

to

solve;

made

5.

Don’t

use

words,

expressions,

or

phrases

_____

only

to

people

with

specific

knowledge.

A.

being

known

B.

having

been

known

C.

to

be

known

D.

known

6

_______

English

is

different

from

______

English

in

many

ways.

A.

Spoken;

written

B.

Speaking;

written

C.

Spoken;

writing

D.

Speak;

write

7

The

woman

________

there

under

the

tree,

_______

in

a

blue

shirt,

is

our

headmaster.

A.

sitting;

wearing

B.

sitting;

dressed

C.

seating;

dressed

D.

seated;

dressing

8

Linda

worked

for

the

Minnesota

Manufacturing

Mining

Company,

_____

as

3M.

A.

knowing.

B.

known.

C.

being

known.

D.

to

be

known

9

The

_____

dishes

lay

on

the

floor.

A

breaking.

B.

broken.

C.

broke.

D.

break

10

the

ship,______

by

a

huge

piece

of

iceberg,

cam

to

a

sudden

stop.

A.

hitting.

B.

hit.

C.

hitted.

D.

to

hit.

Keys:1-5ADCBD6-10ADBBB能力提升能力提升C.語法填空I’mgoingtothesupermarketthisafternoon.Doyouhaveanything___________(buy).Hisfirstbook_______________________(publish)nextmonthisbasedonatruestory.Willthose___________________(teach)thechildrenfromabroadcometotheheadmaster’soffice?Throughouthistory,thelanguage_____________(speak)byapowerfulgroupspreadsacrossacivilization.Atthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdesks______________(make)couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.Thisisanarticle________________(consist)offiveparts.Thisisastory_____________(date)fromtheTangDynasty.__________(Judge)fromhiswords,hedidwellinhisexam.Thecomputer____________(belong)toourclassshouldbeusedforstudying.Thespeechwhichhemade___________(concern)thefootballmatchboredalotoffanstodeath.語法填空：HaveyouheardofLakeTiticaca?ItisafamouslakeinSouthAmerica,whichislocatedontheborderbetweenBoliviaandPeru.Butthelivesoftheancientpeoplewhooncelivedaroundthelakeand__1__culturewasthoughttobehighlyadvanced,havelongremainedasecret.Recently,However，scientists____2___(take)partinanexplorationprojectatthelakehavefound__3__theybelievetobea1000-year-oldtemple__4__thewater.Diversfromthestudygrouphavediscovered__5__buildingscientiststhinkistheremainsofatemplebuiltbythepeoplewhooncelivedbesidethelake.Theprojectleadershopetobeginraisingimportantmaterialsfromthesitelaterthisweek__6__badweatherforcesachangeintheirplans.“Thescientistshavenotyethadtheopportunitytostudythematerialscarefully，”saidprojectdirector,JohnAubi.“Butsome__7__(put)forwardtheideathattheremainsdatefromthisperiodbecauseoftheir__8__(similar)tothosefoundelsewhere.”Theresearchteamhassofarthisyearmademorethan200divesintowater30metresdeep.Duringthesedives,__9__havebeenrecordingtheancientremainsonfilm.Therewillbeameeting__10__(start)laterthisyeartoreviewthefilm.1．______2.______3.______4.______5.______6．______7.______8.______9.______10.______E.閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當的內容（1個單詞）或括號內單詞的正確形式。Althoughfailing61（qualify）fortheFIFAWorldCupfinalssoccertournamentinQatar，Chinamadeahugecontributiontothe62（large）globalsportingeventintheworld．China-builtstadiums，roadsandmanyotherMade-in-Chinaproductshavewonpraise．63manyfansandpotentialcustomers．Inrecentmonths，LuoYang，asalesmanagerattheoverseasbusinessunitofHigerBusCo，abusandtruckmaker．64（base）inSuzhou，Jiangsuprovince，haskeptacloseeyeonthe1，815busesthatthecompany．65（sell）toQatarlastyear．Thesevehiclesoperatedshuttleservicesforthethousandsoffans，fficialsandjournalistsfromdifferentcountriesduringthetournament，66wasstagedfromNov20toDec18．“AftertheWorldCup，thebuseswillbeusedtotakechildrentoandfromschool，”Luosaid，67（add）thatchildmonitoringsystemsinthevehicleswillgiveasignalwhenabusarrivesatitsdestination．Thedriverthenmovesthroughthevehicletoensurethechildrenleave68（safe），beforepressingabuttontoturnoffthesound．69widerangeofChineseitemswereavailableatthetournament，includingkeyrings，horns，flags，clothingandshoesfromYiwu，Zhejiang，andJinjiang，Fujianprovince，aswellasfireworksfromLiuyang，Hunanprovince．Marketobserverssaidthe70（abundant）ofsuchproductsisduetoChina'sindustrialupgradingboom，well-developedsupplychains，andgreentransformation．答案：61.toqualify62.largest63.from64.based65.sold66.which67.adding68.safely69.A70.abundanceF.完形填空閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。MolaigrewupinatinyvillageinIndia.Thevillagelaynearsomewetlandswhichbecamehissecond_____21_____.Helearnedthevalueandbeautyof____22____therefromaveryyoungage.Whenhewas16,Molaibegantonoticesomething____23____happeningaroundhishome.Afloodhadhittheareaearlierthatyearandthe____24____itcausedhaddrivenawayanumberofbirds.____25____,thenumberofsnakeshaddeclinedaswell.He____26____thatitwasbecausethereweren’tenoughtreestoprotectthemfromthe____27____.Thesolution,ofcourse,wastoplanttreessotheanimalscouldseek____28____duringthedaytime.Heturnedtothe____29____departmentforhelpbutwastoldthatnothingwouldgrowthere.However,Molaiwentlookingonhisownand_____30_____anearbyislandwherehebegantoplanttrees.____31____youngplantsinthedryseasonwas______32______foraloneboy.Molaibuiltatthe_____33_____ofeachsapling(幼樹)abambooplatform,whereheplacedearthenpotswithsmallholesto______34______rainwater.Thewaterwouldthendrip(滴落)ontheplantsbelow.Molai_____35_____toplanttreesforthenext37years.Hiseffortshaveresultedin1,360acresofnaturally-grownlandthathasbecomehometomanyplantsandanimals.21.A.dream B.job C.home D.choice22.A.nature B.youth C.culture D.knowledge23.A.precious B.interesting C.disturbing D.awkward24.A.waste B.tension C.pain D.damage25.A.Besides B.However C.Therefore D.Otherwise26.A.agreed B.realized C.remembered D.predicted27.A.noise B.heat C.disease D.dust28.A.directions B.partners C.help D.shelter29.A.labor B.police C.forest D.finance30.A.rebuilt B.discovered C.left D.managed31.A.Decorating B.Observing C.Watering D.Guarding32.A.tough B.illegal C.fantastic D.beneficial33.A.back B.top C.foot D.side34.A.cooldown B.keepoff C.purify D.collect35.A.returned B.learned C.failed D.continued【答案】21.C22.A23.C24.D25.A26.B27.B28.D29.C30.B31.C32.A33.B34.D35.D【解析】這是一篇記敘文。Molai在印度的一個小村莊長大。16歲的時候，一場洪水導致他的家園遭受巨大損失。樹木的缺乏導致這些動物失去了遮蔽物，很多鳥兒離開，蛇類數量減少。Molai決定改變這一切，他經過努力，在附近找到了一個小島，開始種樹。在30多年的時間里，他的努力使1360英畝的天然土地成為許多動植物的家園。【21題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:這個村莊位于一些濕地附近，那里成了他的第二個家。A.dream夢想；B.job工作；C.home家；D.choice選擇。根據空前的second可知，他出生的村莊是他的家，村莊附近的一些“濕地”成為了他的第二個“家”。故選C。【22題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:他從小就在那里了解到了大自然的價值和美麗。A.nature自然；B.youth青春，年輕；C.culture文化；D.knowledge知識。濕地展現了“大自然”的價值和美。故選A。【23題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:16歲時，Molai開始注意到他的家周圍發生了一些令人不安的事情。A.precious寶貴的；B.interesting有趣的；C.disturbing令人不安的，引起煩惱的；D.awkward尷尬的，笨拙的。該段后半部分提到:洪水侵襲，很多鳥兒離開，蛇的數量減少。這些情況都不正常，令人不安。故選C。【24題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:那年早些時候，一場洪水襲擊了這個地區，洪水造成的損害趕走了很多鳥類。A.waste廢物；B.tension緊張；C.pain疼痛，痛苦；D.damage損害，傷害。洪水侵襲這個地區，它會“損害”莊稼、樹木，這些都會導致鳥兒們離開。故選D。【25題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意:此外，蛇的數量也減少了。A.Besides此外，另外；B.However但是；C.Therefore因此；D.Otherwise否則。根據aswell可知，洪水不僅導致很多鳥兒離開。而且，它還導致蛇的數量