福建省南平市書坊中學(xué)2020年高一英語(yǔ)測(cè)試題含解析一、選擇題1.—IfollowedyouradviceonhowtolearnChinese,butIamstillnotgoodatit.Why?—Well,__________________.A.nopains,nogains B.nosweetwithoutsweatC.oneman’smeatisanotherman’spoison D.alliswellthatendswell參考答案：C2.Helookedaround________insearchofsomething.A.though B.asthough

C.eventhough

D.although參考答案：B3.____WhatdoyouthinkofXishuangbanna?____Great!I________theplacethemomentIgotthere.A.

fallinloveto

B.fellinlovewith

C.aminlovewith

D.wasinlovewith參考答案：B略4.Lewiswasmuchadmired______hisworkontheadvancedmedicalresearch.A.on

B.in

C.for

D.with參考答案：C5.Thatpieceofmusicsoundsquitefamiliar.Who_____thepianoupstairs?

A.hasplayed

B.played

C.isplaying

D.plays參考答案：C略6.Blackcloudsaregathering.Itlooks______itisgoingtorain.

A.eventhough

B.though

C.asif

D.if參考答案：C7.Everyonehates

inpublic.A.tolaughat

B.tolaughC.beinglaughed

D.beinglaughedat參考答案：D試題分析：動(dòng)詞hate后面既可以接不定式hatetodosth討厭做某事；也可以接動(dòng)名詞hatedoingsth；句義：每個(gè)人都討厭當(dāng)眾被嘲笑。根據(jù)句義可知使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式，故D正確。8.LookattheprideonTom'sface.He

tohavebeenpraisedbythemanagerjustnow.A.seemed B.seems C.hadseemed D.isseeming參考答案：B9.Manyexpertsholdtheview______teachers’developmentis_______thekeytobettereducationlies.

A.which;where

B.which;inwhich

C.that;where

D.that;inwhich參考答案：C10.ManypeoplewhohadseenthefilmTheShallonwswereafraidtogototheseawhentheyrememberedthescenes________Nancywasattackedbyashark.

A．that

B．bywhich C．which D．inwhich參考答案：D11.HewentontalkingwhileItriedto______whatitmeant.

A.comeout

B.setout

C.takeout

D.figureout

參考答案：D略12.—Hi,Jay,whydoyoulooksoupset?—Well,Iam

todayandIhavebroken4cupssofar.A.allthumbs B.allears C.all D.alllegs參考答案：A【詳解】考查情景交際及習(xí)慣表達(dá)。句意：——嗨，杰，你為什么看起來(lái)這么沮喪?——嗯，我今天笨手笨腳的，到目前為止我已經(jīng)打破了4個(gè)杯子。A.allthumbs笨手笨腳；B.allears洗耳恭聽；C.all全部；D.alllegs又瘦又長(zhǎng)。根據(jù)andIhavebroken4cupssofar.可知，這里意思是“我今天笨手笨腳的”。故選A。13.Heraisedhishand________thetaxi________.A.tohave,stop

B.tohave,tostop

C.having,stopping

D.having,stop參考答案：A14.Hearingthenoiseoutside,hehurriedto

andwentout.A.wear

B.getdressed

C.bedressedhimself

D.puton參考答案：B15.Ifwedon’ttakesteps,theTibetanantelopesandpandaswill

somedayjustasdinosaurs,whichisterrible.A.dieoff B.dieaway C.diedown D.dieout參考答案：D【考點(diǎn)】考察動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析解析：dieoff相繼死去；dieaway（尤指聲音、光、風(fēng)）逐漸消失，停止；昏厥；自行消失；diedown減弱；逐漸平息；dieout（指物種、家族、習(xí)慣、觀念等）絕跡，消失；絕種；絕滅；句意：如果我們不采取措施，總有一天藏羚羊和大熊貓會(huì)和恐龍一樣滅絕，這太可怕了！根據(jù)句意說(shuō)明D正確。

16.

isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.A．WhichB．WhenC．WhatD．As參考答案：D略二、完型填空17.“NatureandNurture”Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviourareformed.However,itisnoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot,orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheris____41____.Socialscientistsareofcourse____42____interestedinthesetypesofquestions.Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertaincharacteristicsandexhibitcertainbehaviour.Therearenoclearanswersyet,buttwo____43____schoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped.Asonemightexpect,thetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromeachother,andthereisagreatdealofdebatebetween____44____ofeachtheory.Thecontroversy(爭(zhēng)論)isoftenconvenientlyreferredtoas“natureandnurture”.Thosewho____45____the“nature”sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviourpatternsare____46____determinedbybiologicalfactors.Thatourenvironmenthaslittle,ifanything,todowithourabilities,characteristicsandbehaviouris____47____tothistheory.Takentoanextreme,thistheorystatesthatourbehaviourispredeterminedtosuchagreatdegreethatwearealmostcompletelygovernedbyour____48____.Supportersofthe“nurture”theory,or,astheyareoftencalled,____49____,claimthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwewillact.Abehaviorist,B.F.Skinner,seeshumansasbeingswhosebehaviourisalmostcompletely_____50_____bytheirsurroundings.Thebehaviorists’viewofthehumanbeingisquitemechanistic.Theystatethat,likemachines,humansrespondto_____51_____stimuli(刺激)asthebasisoftheirbehaviour.Sociallyandpolitically,theconsequencesofthesetwotheoriesare_____52_____.IntheUS,forexample,blacksoftenscorebelowwhitesonstandardizedintelligencetests.Thisleadssome“nature”supporterstoconcludethatblacksaregeneticallylowerinstatusthanwhitesare.Behaviorists,_____53_____,saythatthedifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftenrobbedofmanyoftheeducationalandotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhitesenjoy,andthat,asaresult,theydonotdevelopthesame_____54_____thatwhitesdo.Neitherofthesetheoriescanyetfullyexplainhumanbehaviour.Asamatteroffact,itisquite_____55_____thatthekeytoourbehaviourliessomewherebetweenthesetwoextremesandthatthecontroversywillcontinueforalongtimeiscertain.41.A.sensitive

B.productive

C.competitive

D.aggressive42.A.moderately

B.extremely

C.reluctantly

D.scarcely43.A.distinct

B.reliable

C.relevant

D.equal44.A.objectors

B.operators

C.opponents

D.advocates45.A.claim

B.support

C.resolve

D.inherit46.A.completely

B.largely

C.thoroughly

D.merely47.A.sensitive

B.open

C.central

D.subject48.A.abilities

B.capacities

C.personalities

D.instincts49.A.experts

B.scientists

C.environmentalists

D.behaviorists50.A.shaped

B.dominated

C.oppressed

D.restricted51.A.environmental

B.biological

C.genetic

D.psychological52.A.temporary

B.slight

C.fatal

D.far-reaching53.A.onthecontrary

B.asawhole

C.afterall

D.forinstance54.A.habits

B.responses

C.characteristics

D.advantages55.A.necessary

B.impossible

C.unreasonable

D.likely參考答案：41.C

42.B

43.A

44.D

45.B

46.B

47.C

48.D

49.D

50.A

51.A

52.D

53.A

54.B

55.D本文是一篇議論文。主要討論了人的個(gè)性和智力是先天形成的還是受環(huán)境影響的兩種理論。【41題詳解】考查形容詞。A.sensitive敏感的；B.productive多產(chǎn)的；C.competitive競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的；D.aggressive侵略性的，有進(jìn)取心的。根據(jù)orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheris____1____與前面的whyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot是并列的，根據(jù)前面的句子可知，anotheris____1____空格處填的是與前面cooperative相對(duì)的詞，故選C。【42題詳解】考查副詞。A.moderately適度地；B.extremely極其，非常；C.reluctantly不情愿地；D.scarcely幾乎不，簡(jiǎn)直不。根據(jù)Socialscientistsareofcourse____2____interestedinthesetypesofquestions.可知，社會(huì)科學(xué)家當(dāng)然對(duì)這類問題非常感興趣。故選B。【43題詳解】考查形容詞。A.distinct明顯的；B.reliable可靠的；C.relevant相關(guān)的；D.equal平等的。根據(jù)Therearenoclearanswersyet,buttwo____3____schoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped.可知，目前還沒有明確的答案，但在這個(gè)問題上已經(jīng)形成了兩種截然不同的思想流派。結(jié)合句意可知答案為A。【44題詳解】考查名詞。A.objectors反對(duì)者；B.operators操作者；C.opponents對(duì)手；D.advocates提倡者。根據(jù)Asonemightexpect,thetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromeachother,andthereisagreatdealofdebatebetween____4____ofeachtheory.可知，正如人們可能預(yù)期的那樣，這兩種方法截然不同，而且每種理論的支持者之間存在著大量的爭(zhēng)論。根據(jù)文中的debate可知，應(yīng)該是“支持者”之間的爭(zhēng)論，故選D。【45題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。A.claim要求，聲稱；B.support支持；C.resolve溶解；D.inherit繼承。根據(jù)Thosewho____5____the“nature”sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviourpatternsare____6____determinedbybiologicalfactors.可知，那些支持沖突“本性”一面的人認(rèn)為，我們的個(gè)性和行為模式在很大程度上是由生物因素決定的。根據(jù)文中的believe可知，這里應(yīng)該是指“支持者”，結(jié)合句意可知答案為B。【46題詳解】考查副詞。A.completely完全地；B.largely主要地，大部分；C.thoroughly徹底地；D.merely僅僅，只不過。根據(jù)Thosewho____5____the“nature”sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviourpatternsare____6____determinedbybiologicalfactors.可知，那些支持沖突“本性”一面的人認(rèn)為，我們的個(gè)性和行為模式在很大程度上是由生物因素決定的。結(jié)合句意答案為B。【47題詳解】考查形容詞。A.sensitive敏感的；B.open公開的；C.central中心的；D.subject服從的。根據(jù)Thatourenvironmenthaslittle,ifanything,todowithourabilities,characteristicsandbehaviouris____7____tothistheory.可知，我們的環(huán)境與我們的能力、特征和行為幾乎沒有任何關(guān)系，這對(duì)這一理論是極為重要的。becentralto“對(duì)……極為重要的”，故選C。【48題詳解】考查名詞。A.abilities能力；B.capacities性能；C.personalities人格，個(gè)性；D.instincts本能。根據(jù)Takentoanextreme,thistheorystatesthatourbehaviourispredeterminedtosuchagreatdegreethatwearealmostcompletelygovernedbyour____8____.可知，極端地說(shuō)，這個(gè)理論認(rèn)為，我們的行為在很大程度上是預(yù)先決定的，以至于我們幾乎完全受本能的支配。byourinstincts“通過我們的本能”，故選D。【49題詳解】考查名詞。A.experts專家；B.scientists科學(xué)家；C.environmentalists環(huán)保人士；D.behaviorists行為主義者。根據(jù)Supportersofthe“nurture”theory,or,astheyareoftencalled,____9____,claimthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwewillact.可知，“后天培養(yǎng)”理論的支持者，或者如他們通常所說(shuō)的，行為主義者，聲稱在決定我們?nèi)绾涡袆?dòng)時(shí)，我們的環(huán)境比我們基于生物學(xué)的本能更重要。故選D。【50題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。A.shaped發(fā)展，成形，塑造；B.dominated控制，統(tǒng)治；C.oppressed壓迫，折磨；D.restricted限制。根據(jù)Abehaviorist,B.F.Skinner,seeshumansasbeingswhosebehaviourisalmostcompletely____10____bytheirsurroundings.可知，行為學(xué)家B.F.Skinner認(rèn)為，人類的行為幾乎完全是由周圍環(huán)境塑造的。此處shape的意思是“塑造，成形”，故選A。【51題詳解】考查形容詞。A.environmental環(huán)境的；B.biological生物的；C.genetic遺傳的；D.psychological心理學(xué)的。根據(jù)Theystatethat,likemachines,humansrespondto____11____stimuli(刺激)asthebasisoftheirbehaviour.可知，他們指出，就像機(jī)器一樣，人類對(duì)環(huán)境刺激的反應(yīng)是其行為的基礎(chǔ)。故選A。【52題詳解】考查形容詞。A.temporary臨時(shí)的；B.slight輕微的；C.fatal致命的，重大的；D.far-reaching深遠(yuǎn)的。根據(jù)Sociallyandpolitically,theconsequencesofthesetwotheoriesare____12____.可知，在社會(huì)和政治上，這兩種理論的影響是深遠(yuǎn)的。故選D。【53題詳解】考查詞組。A.onthecontrary相反；B.asawhole總的來(lái)說(shuō)；C.afterall畢竟，終究；D.forinstance例如。根據(jù)Behaviorists,____13____,saythatthedifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftenrobbedofmanyoftheeducationalandotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhitesenjoy,andthat,asaresult,theydonotdevelopthesame____14____thatwhitesdo.可知，相反，行為主義者認(rèn)為，分?jǐn)?shù)上的差異是由于這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，即黑人常常被剝奪了白人享有的許多教育和其他環(huán)境方面的優(yōu)勢(shì)，因此，他們的反應(yīng)與白人不同。故選A。【54題詳解】考查名詞。A.habits習(xí)慣；B.responses回應(yīng)；C.characteristics特性；D.advantages優(yōu)勢(shì)。根據(jù)Behaviorists,____13____,saythatthedifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftenrobbedofmanyoftheeducationalandotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhitesenjoy,andthat,asaresult,theydonotdevelopthesame____14____thatwhitesdo.可知，相反，行為主義者認(rèn)為，分?jǐn)?shù)上的差異是由于這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，即黑人常常被剝奪了白人享有的許多教育和其他環(huán)境方面的優(yōu)勢(shì)，因此，他們的反應(yīng)與白人不同。故選B。【55題詳解】考查形容詞。A.necessary必要的；B.impossible不可能的；C.unreasonable不合理的；D.likely很可能的。根據(jù)Asamatteroffact,itisquite____15____thatthekeytoourbehaviourliessomewherebetweenthesetwoextremesandthatthecontroversywillcontinueforalongtimeiscertain.可知，事實(shí)上，我們行為的關(guān)鍵很可能就在這兩個(gè)極端之間，爭(zhēng)議肯定會(huì)持續(xù)很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間。固定句式：Itislikelythat…，“很可能”，故選D。三、閱讀理解18.

Whatisthesky?Whereisit?Howhighisit?Whatliesaboveit?Thesequestionsare