2025年新八省新高考英語滿分通關練專題03新八省高考閱讀理解說明文通關20篇原卷版（山西、河南、陜西、內蒙古、四川、云南、寧夏、青海）說明說明文滿分作答解題妙招一、命題特點1.選材特點文章主要源自主流雜志、報刊、網站等，通常是關于各學科的前沿問題，如自然科學類、前沿科技發明類和醫療衛生類；高科技領域的最新科研成果；人們比較關心的生態環境問題；涉及到太空、生物、心理、考古等領域話題。2.語篇結構特點科普類說明文文章結構清晰，通常開門見山，直奔主題。文章基本可以分為兩大類：事物性科普說明文和事理性科普說明文。兩類文章，通常都比較客觀、準確地介紹一個新產品、前沿技術的功能、用途、材料、優缺點、市場前景等，或者說明某個科學道理、科學現象或科學觀點，目的是幫助讀者明白“為什么是這樣”。事物說明文一般會以實驗的過程進展為線索，多用描述法、問題與對策法等方法，通過列數據、作對比等來說明新的科學研究發現及其產生的影響；事物說明文通常是介紹一種新產品、新技術，更多運用描述法從功能、用途、材料和市場前景等方面進行介紹。3.設題特點就語言來說，科普說明文通常篇幅較長，用詞地道，專業性強，語言正式，且邏輯性強，句式結構相對復雜。這就需要考生具備扎實的詞匯量和堅實的語法基礎，且具備一定的科普相關知識，并能夠理解分析長難句。4.命題熱點科普類說明文主要考查在把握文章核心主旨的基礎上對文章內容的深層理解。提問形式為：Whatdoyouknowfromthepassage?標題判斷題、文章或段落主旨題也較為常見，考查對文章或段落主旨的理解，主要提問形式為：Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?其次，科普說明文往往揭示自然奧秘、動植物生存特點、產品工藝原理以及最新科學技術進步，文中易出現一些學術性較強的生詞，因此常出現詞義猜測題，提問形式為：Whatdoestheunderlinedword/phrase…inparagraph…mean/referto?5.語篇模式二、說明方法1.羅列法（listing）在文章開始時提出需要說明的東西和觀點，然后常用first，second，…andfinally加以羅列說明。羅列法廣泛地使用于各類指導性的說明文之中。羅列法經常用下列句式展開段落，我們可以注意模仿學習：

Thereareseveralgoodreasonswhyweshouldlearnaforeignlanguage.Firstofall，

…Secondly，

…Andfinally，

…WeshouldtryourbesttoplantmoretreesforseveralgoodreasonsFirstofall，

…Secondly，

…Andfinally，必須指出的是，有時羅列法并不一定有明確的first，

second…等詞，但文章還是以羅列論據展開的。2.舉例法（examples）舉例法是用具體的例子來說明我們要表達的意思，常用forexample，

forinstance，

stillanotherexampleis…等詞語引出，舉例法和羅列法有時可以結合使用：即用羅列法來列出例子，用例子充實羅列的說明。3.比較法（comparisonandcontrast）比較法是對兩個對象進行比較，從而進行說明的寫作手法。比較法又可細分為比較相同點（comparison）和比較不同點（contrast）兩種方法。在比較相同點的時候，常用到similarly，also，too，inthesamecase，inspiteofthedifference等這樣的詞語。however，ontheotherhand，incontrast，but，nevertheless等表示轉折的詞語常用來引導對不同點的比較。4.定義法（definition）定義法也是英語說明文中常用的寫作手法，特別是在對具體事物概念進行說明時經常使用。定義法的基本要素是定義句。英語中常見定義句的模式是

被定義對象is所屬類別+限制性定語。比如Abatisasmallmouse-likeanimalthatfliesatnightandfeedson（以…為食品）fruitandinsectsbutisnotabird.5.順序法（sequenceoftime，spaceandprocess）順序法是指按時間、空間或過程的順序進行說明的一種寫作手法。比如按照時間順序介紹一個科學家的生平，用空間順序闡述逐漸開發西部的重要意義，用過程順序法解釋葡萄酒的生產過程等等。6.分類法（classification）分類法是將寫作對象進行分類說明的一種寫作手法。Somebooksaretobetasted，

otherstobeswallowed，

andsomefewtobechewedanddigested,thatis,

somebooksaretobereadonlyinparts，

otherstoberead，

butnotcuriously，andsomefewtobereadwholly,

andwithdiligenceandattention.Somebooksalsomaybereadbydeputy,

andextractsmadeofthembyothers;

butthatwouldbeonlyinthelessimportantarguments,

andthemeanersortofbooks…二、解題策略1.利用語篇結構，概括全文主旨大意，明晰寫作意圖科普說明文主題鮮明、脈絡清晰，行文結構模式比較固定，梳理文本結構有助于把握文章主旨。學生在閱讀時，可以首先用略讀法快速瀏覽每段的首尾句，分析文本結構，然后根據作者謀篇布局的邏輯線索歸納主旨大意。在做主旨大意、寫作意圖和最佳標題等題目時，需要重點關注首尾段落里面高頻復現的詞匯和內容。文章導語、主體和結尾是有機整體，解題時要綜合起來進行判斷。2.利用文中語境線索，分析長難句，進行邏輯推理判斷科普說明文往往專業術語較多、句式較復雜，且經常采用舉例、對比、列數據、引用權威人士觀點等方法進行說明。設題形式上，主要側重考查深層理解和推理判斷、猜測生詞含義以及代詞指代等。如果句子成分復雜、有生詞，學生不要退縮，抓住行文邏輯的標志詞，分析句子結構，厘清主句和分句或非謂語動詞之間的關系，蹭蹭剖析，就能明晰句意，進行合理判斷。3.諳熟選項設置規律，對比原文，去偽存真高考作為一個成熟的考試體系，在選項設置上有章可循。正確選擇一般為文中內容的“同義替換”或者“歸納概括”。而干擾項分為“張冠李戴”、“偷梁換柱”、“無中生有”和“以偏概全”四種類型。因此，仔細辨析選項，對比選項間的差異，甄別選項與原文的異同，會對同學們選出正確答案大有幫助。三、說明文實用答題妙招1.閱讀理解說明文深層理解解題居多，落實“題文同序”和“同義替換”。2.推理判斷題注重“源于文章，高于文章”，弄清來龍去脈再推斷。3主旨大意題要關注文章的結構，尤其是“首段”和“段首”及關鍵詞。4.遵循“倒金字塔”模式，重視首尾段照應和首段概括引領作用。5.滿分策略：讀題干→找原文→做標記→留痕跡→看選項→扣字眼。新八省最新新八省最新名校模擬試題【新八省閱讀·說明文01】（24-25高三上·河南駐馬店·階段練習）Whenitcomestodiatoms(硅藻類)thatliveintheocean,newresearchsuggeststhatphotosynthesis(光合作用)isnottheonlystrategyforaccumulatingcarbon.Instead,thesesingle-celledarealsobuildingbiomassbyfeedingdirectlyonorganiccarbonintheocean.Thesenewfindingscouldleadresearcherstoreducetheirestimateofhowmuchcarbondioxidediatomspulloutoftheairviaphotosynthesis,whichinturn,couldtakeamuchcloserlookattheunderstandingoftheglobalcarboncycle,whichisespeciallyrelevantgiventhechangingclimate.ThenewfindingswerepublishedinScienceAdvancesonJuly17,2024.TheteamshowedthatthediatomCylindrothecaclosterium,whichisfoundinoceansaroundtheworld,regularlyperformsamixofbothphotosynthesisanddirecteatingofcarbonfromorganicsourcessuchasplankton(浮游生物).Inmorethan70%ofthewatersamplestheresearchersanalyzedfromoceansaroundtheworld,theteamfoundsignsofsimultaneousphotosynthesisanddirectorganiccarbonconsumptionfromCylindrothecaclosterium.Theteamalsoshowedthatthisdiatomspeciescangrowmuchfasterwhenconsumingorganiccarboninadditiontophotosynthesis.Furthermore,thenewresearchhintedatthepossibilitythatspecificspeciesofbacteriaarefeedingorganiccarbondirectlytoalargepercentageofthesediatomslivingallacrosstheglobalocean.Thisworkisbasedonagenome-scalemetabolicmodelingapproachthattheteamusedtorevealthemetabolismofthediatomCylindrothecaclosterium.Theteam’snewmetabolicmodelingdatasupportrecentlabexperimentssuggestingthatsomediatomsmayrelyonstrategiesotherthanphotosynthesistointakethecarbontheyneedtosurvive,thriveandbuildbiomass.TheUCSanDiegoledteamisintheprocessofexpandingthescopeoftheprojecttodeterminehowwidespreadthisnon-photosyntheticactivityisamongotherdiatomspecies.1．What’snewaccordingtotheresearch?A．Thewayofthediatom’scarbonaccumulation. B．Theimpactofclimateondiverseseaplants.C．Theprocedureofexploringcarbon. D．Thesystemofbuildingbiomass.2．Whatdothenewfindingsmakeresearchersmorefocuson?A．Thecausesofclimatechange. B．Thegraspofthecarboncycle.C．Thebadeffectofphotosynthesisondiatoms. D．Aroughestimateoftheamountofcarbondioxide.3．Whatdoweknowfromparagraph3?A．Alargenumberofdiatomsmayfeedonbacteria.B．Thediatomlivesonplankton.C．Watersamplesarekeyfactorsfortheresearch.D．Diatomspeciesgrowfasterwithsufficientsunlight4．Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．PhotosynthesisinDiatoms B．Plankton’sRoleinOceansC．NewCarbonStrategiesinDiatoms D．AdvancesinModelingData【新八省閱讀·說明文02】（24-25高三上·河南駐馬店·階段練習）Accordingtoareportin2023,theWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)recommendedthatnon-sugarsweetenersnotbeusedasameansofachievingweightcontrolorreducingtheriskofdiseases.Theguidelinecameasasurprise.Afterall,theverypurposeofnon-sugarsweeteners-whichcontainlittletonocalories—istohelpconsumerscontroltheirweightandreducetheirriskofdiseasebyreplacingsugar.Initsreport,theWHOcitedevidencethatlong-termuseofnon-sugarsweetenersisassociatedwithanincreasedriskofdiabetes(糖尿病)anddeath.Howisitthatnon-sugarsweetenersarelinkedtothenegativehealtheffectsthey’resupposedtofendoff?TheWHOmadeitsrecommendationafterreviewinghundredsofpublishedstudies.Theproblemisthattheoverwhelmingmajorityofthesestudiesareobservational.Insuchstudies,subjectstendtoself-reporttheirfoodintake,whichmightnotguaranteeinaccuracy.Moreimportantly,observationalstudiescannotdeterminecauseandeffect.Arenon-sugarsweetenerscausingdiabetes,orarepeopleatriskofdiabetessimplymorelikelytoconsumethem?Lastly,therearenumerousvariablesthatresearcherscan’tpossiblycontrolforinthesestudiesthatcouldinfluencetheresults.Randomizedcontrolledtrials(RCTs)telladifferentstoryaboutnon-sugarsweeteners.Thesestudiescontrolforvariablesbyrandomlyassigningpeopletoeitheratreatmentorcontrolgroup,andtheycandeterminecauseandeffect.Theyshowthatsweetenersmodestlybenefitweightlossandhelpcontrolbloodsugar,withoutthenegativeeffectsseeninobservationalresearch.ThedownsideofRCTsisthattheyareshorterinduration,oftenlastingjustafewmonths.Sonegativeeffectscouldappearafterlongeruseandwewouldn’tbeabletotellfromtheseRCTs.Butwealsocan’ttellfromobservationalstudies,whichonlymeasurecorrelationandnotcausality(因果關系).Changingthecurrentsituationmightbehard,though.RCTsareexpensiveandrequirerecruitingparticipants,settingupdietplans,andregularlymeasuringsubjects’healthoutcomes.Forchangetohappen,itmightneedtostartatthetop,wherescienceisfundedGovernmentagencies,whichappropriatebillionsforresearch,shouldstartprioritizingRCTs.1．Whatdotheunderlinedphrase“fendoff”probablymeaninparagraph2?A．Putout. B．Defendagainst. C．Keepup. D．Counton.2．Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A．TheWHO’ssuggestionsonobservationalstudies.B．Thestrategiestodecidecauseandeffectinconductingstudies.C．Thesignificanceofcontrollingvariablesinobservationalstudies.D．ThelimitationsoftheobservationalstudiesintheWHOreport.3．WhatisafeatureofRCTsaccordingtothetext?A．Theycostlittle B．Theytendtolastlong.C．Theycancontrolvariablesanddeterminecausality. D．Theyrequireparticipantstoself-reportrelateddata4．HowshouldthegovernmenthelpRCTs?A．Bymakingappropriateplans B．ByprovidingfinancialsupportC．Byraisingpeople’sawarenessofhealth D．Byfoundingmorerelatedgovernmentagencies【新八省閱讀·說明文03】（24-25高三上·河南南陽·階段練習）Humanresponsestomoraldilemmas(兩難選擇)canbeinfluencedbystatementswrittenbytheartificialintelligencechatbotChatGPT,accordingtoastudypublishedinScientificReports.Thefindingsindicatethatusersmayunderestimatetheextenttowhichtheirownmoraljudgmentscanbeinfluencedbythechatbot.SebastianKrigelandcolleaguesaskedChatGPTmultipletimeswhetheritisrighttosacrifice(犧牲)thelifeofonepersoninordertosavethelivesoffiveothers.TheyfoundthatChatGPTwroterandomstatementsarguingbothforandagainstsacrificingonelife,indicatingthatitisnotbiasedtowardsacertainmoralstance(立場).Theauthorsthenpresented767U.S.participants,whowereonaverage39yearsold,withadilemmawhethertosacrificeoneperson’slifetosavefiveothers.Beforeanswering,participantsreadastatementprovidedbyChatGPTarguingeitherfororagainstsacrificingonelifetosavefive.StatementswerefromeitheramoraladvisororChatGPT.Afteranswering,participantswereaskedwhetherthestatementtheyreadinfluencedtheiranswers.Eightypercentofparticipantsreportedthattheiranswerswerenotinfluencedbythestatementstheyread.However,theauthorsfoundthattheanswersparticipantsbelievedtheywouldhaveprovidedwithoutreadingthestatementswerestillmorelikelytoagreewiththemoralstanceofthestatementtheydidreadthanwiththeoppositestance.ThisindicatesthatparticipantsmayhaveunderestimatedtheinfluenceofChatGPT’sstatementsontheirownmoraljudgments.Theauthorssuggestthatthepotentialforchatbotstoinfluencehumanmoraljudgmentshighlightstheneedforeducationtohelphumansbetterunderstandartificialintelligence.Theyproposethatfutureresearchshoulddesignchatbotsthateitherdeclinetoanswerquestionsrequiringamoraljudgmentoranswerthesequestionsbyprovidingmultipleargumentsandwarnings.1．WhatareChatGPT’sanswerstoacertainmoralstancelikeaccordingtoParagraph2?A．Inconsistent. B．Valuable. C．Creative. D．Simple.2．Whatislearnedabouttheparticipants?A．TheyadmittedthepowerofChatGPT.B．Theywereinterviewedbyamoraladvisor.C．TheywereaffectedbyChatGPTunknowingly.D．Theywerepresentedwithdifferentmoraldilemmas.3．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．Differentfindingsofthestudy. B．Futurepotentialsforchatbots.C．Majorfocusesoffutureeducation. D．Solutionstotheimpactofchatbots.4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．ChatGPTTendstoCauseMoralPanics B．ChatGPT:IsItLikelytoAffectOurLife?C．ChatGPT:WhyIsItMakingUsSoNervous? D．ChatGPTCanInfluenceHumanMoralJudgments【新八省閱讀·說明文04】（24-25高三上·四川·階段練習）Aglobalstudycomparing2,062birdsfindsthatinhighlyvariableenvironmentsbirdstendtohaveeitherlargerorsmallerbrainsrelativetotheirbodysize,butbirdswithsmallerbrainstendtouseecologicalstrategiesthatarenotavailabletobig-brainedones.Thefactisthatthereareagreatmanyspeciesthatdoquitewellwithsmallbrains.Previousstudieshadfoundgeneraltrendstowardlargerrelativebrainsizesathigherlatitudes(緯度)whereconditionsaremorevariable.Thisnewstudyisdifferentbecauseitlooksatthefulldistributionofbrainsizesacrossenvironments,allowingtheresearcherstotestwhetherdifferentsizesareover-orunder-represented.Theyfoundthatathigherlatitudes,somebirdbrainsaresignificantlymorelikelytoberelativelysmallercomparedtobodysize.“InAlaska,theptarmigan(雷鳥)mightbeatypicalexampleofthesmall-brainedspecies.Lovablethoughitis,it’snotexactlyknownforitssmarts.Theptarmigancan,however,feedonbranchesandwillowleaves.”saidTrevorFristoe,firstauthorofthestudyfromWashingtonUniversity.“Wefindthatsmall-brainedspeciesintheseenvironmentsemploystrategiesthatareunachievablewithalargebrain.Thesespeciesareabletoliveonreadilyavailablebutdifficulttodigestresourcessuchasneedlesofconifers(針葉樹)orevenbranches.Thesefoodscanbefoundevenduringextremewinterconditions,buttheyarefibrousandrequirealargegut(腸道)todigest,”Fristoesaid.“Guttissue,likebraintissue,isenergeticallydemanding,andlimitedbudgetsmeanthatitischallengingtomaintainalotofboth.”“Brainsarenotevolvingseparately—theyarepartofabroadersuiteofadaptationsthathelpcreaturessucceedintheirlives,”saidCarlosBotero,assistantprofessorofbiologyandco-authorofthestudy.“Biologists,ourselvesincluded,havehistoricallybelievedthatenvironmentalvariabilitydrivestheexpansionofbrainsize.Butwhenwetakeabroaderview,werealizethatotherstrategiesalsoworkandremarkably,thealternativehereinvolvesmakingabrainactuallysmaller!”1．HowdoesFristoe’sresearchdifferfrompreviousstudies?A．Itrevealsbirds’evolvingprocesses. B．Itarrivesataconflictingconclusion.C．Itfocusesonbirdswithsmallerbrains. D．Itcoversawiderrangeofbrainsizes.2．Whatdoweknowabouttheptarmigan?A．Ithasachangeablefeedinghabit. B．Itisconsideredfairlyintelligent.C．Ithasanextremelylargebodysize. D．Ithasapowerfuldigestingsystem.3．WhatdoesBoterothinkofsmallerbrains?A．Theyarearesultoflimitedbudgets. B．Theyareaneffectivesurvivalstrategy.C．Theyarenotforvariableenvironments. D．Theyaretypicalofindependentevolution.4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．BigBrainsorBigGuts.ChooseOne B．EvolutionofBrainSizeinBirdsC．BigBrains:AdapttoHigherLatitudes D．TheSmallertheBrain,theSmartertheBird【新八省閱讀·說明文05】（24-25高三上·四川內江·開學考試）Thestreets,sidewalksandroofsofcitiesallabsorbheatduringtheday,makingsomeurbanareasacrosstheUnitedStatesupto6degreesFahrenheithotterthanruralonesduringtheday-and22degreesFhotteratnight.These“urbanheatislands”canalsodevelopundergroundasthecityheatspreadsdownward,beneaththesurface.Andbasements,subwaytunnelsandotherundergroundinfrastructurealsoconstantlybleedheatintothesurroundingearth,creatinghotspots.Nowtheundergroundheatisbuildingupastheplanetwarms.AccordingtoanewstudyofdowntownChicago,undergroundhotspotsmaythreatentheverysamestructuresthatemittheheatinthefirstplace.Suchtemperaturechangesmakethegroundaroundthemexpandandcontract(收縮)enoughtocausepotentialdamage.“Withoutanyonerealizingit,thecityofChicago’sdowntownwasdeforming,”saysthestudy’sauthorAlessandroF.RottaLoria,acivilandenvironmentalengineeratNorthwesternUniversity.Thefindings,publishedinCommunicationsEngineering,exposea“silenthazard(危險)”tocivilinfrastructureincitieswithsofterground-especiallythosenearwater-RottaLoriasays.“Theremighthavebeenstructuralissuescausedbythisundergroundclimatechangethathappened,andwedidn’tevenrealize,”headds.Whilenotanimmediateordirectdangertohumanlives,thispreviouslyunknowneffecthighlightstheimpactsofalesser-knowncomponentofclimatechange.Similartoclimatechangeabovethesurface,theseundergroundchangesoccuroverlongperiodsoftime.“Theseeffectstookdecades,acentury,todevelop,”RottaLoriasays,addingthatelevatedundergroundtemperatureswouldlikewisetakealongtimetodissipate(逐漸消失)ontheirown.Butotherresearchersinterviewedforthisstoryallsaythiswastedenergycouldalsoberecycled,presentinganopportunitytobothcoolthesubsurfaceandsaveonenergycosts.Subwaytunnelsandbasementscouldbeupdatedwithtechnologiestorecapturetheheat.Forexample,waterpipescouldbeinstalledtorunthroughundergroundhotspotsandpickupsomeoftheheatenergy.1．Whatcanwelearnaboutthe“urbanheatislands”?A．Theycandevelopundergroundstructures. B．Theyareimpactedbyglobalwarming.C．Theycandestroythegroundaround. D．TheyonlyexistintheUnitedStates.2．WhydoesAlessandroF.RottaLoriamention“silenthazard”inparagraph3?A．Todiscussstructuralissues. B．Tocategorizeclimatechange.C．Toexplainundergroundheat. D．Toemphasizetheneglectedreality.3．Whatwilltheauthorprobablywriteaboutintheparagraphthatfollows?A．Thefutureoftunnelsandbasements. B．Thereusingapproachesofheatenergy.C．Thecostofmaintainingstructures. D．Theevolutionofundergroundenvironment.4．Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?A．Undergroundclimatechangeisasilentdanger.B．Humansfailtonoticethedramaticclimatechange.C．Coolingthesurfacehelpscontrolurbanheatrises.D．Researchingundergroundheathelpssaveonenergycosts.【新八省閱讀·說明文06】（24-25高三上·四川雅安·開學考試）Anartificialintelligence(AI)toolofstreetviewcouldbeusedtopredicttheriskofcoronaryheartdisease—aconditionwheretheheart’sarteries(動脈)areblocked,limitingbloodflowtotheheartbyanalysingneighbourhoodenvironments,accordingtoresearch.Astudy,publishedintheEuropeanHeartJournal,monitoredeverydaysurroundings,includingthequalityofroads,buildings,andgreenspaces,andtheroletheyplayindetermininghearthealth.Researcherswereabletotrackthelinkbetweentheseenvironmentalelements,includingthepresenceorabsenceofpollution,andtheriskofcoronaryheartdisease.Theyfoundthattheseneighbourhoodcharacteristicscouldaccountfor63%ofthedifferencesinheartdiseaseriskfromonecommunitytoanother.ThediscoverystemsfromanalysingmorethanhalfamillionAIstreetviewimagesacrossUScities,usingcomputervisiontoidentifyandinterpretdetailsthatmightgounnoticedbythehumaneye.Thedataprovidesurbanplannersandpublichealthofficialswithinformationtodesignhealthierlivingspacesandneighbourhoods.“Undoubtedly,thereisavastamountofsocial,economicandenvironmentaldataset,”saidoneofthestudy'sauthors,ProfSanjayRajagopalan.“However,therestillremainsignificantgapsinourknowledgeregardinguniqueenvironmentalaspectsofdatathatarecurrentlybeyondhumancomprehension.Thisiswheretheuseofcomputervisionapproachesmayenableuniqueunderstandingofthephysicalandbuiltenvironment.”ByemployingAI,researchershavebeenabletoexaminethedetailsofneighbourhoods’environment.Thestudyemployedcomputervisiontechnology,includingapplicationsusedinmedicalimagingandautonomousdriving,toidentifydetailsandtheninterpretthemtomakepredictionsordecisions.“WearegettingtoaplaceinhumancivilizationwheretraditionalapproachesthathavebeenusedareratherlimitedandtheuseofAItoenhancehumanunderstandingisgoingtobecriticallyimportantatsolvingcomplexproblems,”ProfRajagopalansaid.1．Whatisthefindingofthestudy?A．Howpeoplecanpreventheartdiseases. B．Howenvironmentsaffecthearthealth.C．HowAIcanreduceheartdiseaserisks. D．Howtheheart'sarteriesareblocked.2．Whatcanthefindingofthestudyhelptodo?A．Promotecomputertechnology. B．Reduceairandwaterpollution.C．Designgreenneighbourhoods. D．AdvertiseforanAIcompany.3．Whywascomputervisionusedinthestudy?A．Theresearchershadnoenvironmentaldata. B．Ithadsolvedsomeenvironmentalproblems.C．Peopleignoredtheenvironmenttheylivein. D．Ithelpedpeopleunderstandtheenvironment.4．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．ThedevelopmentofAIforhospitals B．ThemedicaluseofastreetviewtoolC．Theinsightintohealthyneighbourhoods D．Thelinkbetweentheheartandenvironment【新八省閱讀·說明文07】（24-25高三上·四川成都·開學考試）Anewstudybyaninternationalteamofexpertshighlightshowglobalmethane(甲烷)emissionshavebeenrisingrapidlysince2006,particularlysince2020,atrendthat’sexpectedtocontinueunlesswedosomethingverysignificantverysoon.Thestudyauthorshavethenoutlinedsomestrategiescountriescanusetotakeaction,anddevelopedanonlinetooltohelpwiththis.Thiscontinualclimbinmethaneemissionsislargelyduetothecontinueduseoffossil(化石)fuelsratherthancleaneroptions,theresearcherssay.It’sdirectlyproducedbyoil,gas,andcoaldrillingandprocessing.Theincreasingreleaseofmethanefromnaturalwetlands,causedbyahotterclimate,isnowalsocontributing.Methaneisproducedbyrubbishsites,thawingpermafrost,andanimalstoo.Theresearchers,ledbyphysicistandclimatespecialistDrewShindellofDukeUniversityintheUS,suggesttheseareminorcontributorsatthemoment—althoughonesthatalsoneedtobecloselywatched.“Worldwideeffortstolimitclimatechangearerightlyfocusedoncarbondioxide(CO2),theprimarydriver,”writestheteamintheirpublishedpaper.“However,sincehumanityhasfailedtoproperlyaddressclimatechangeforseveraldecades,keepingwarmingbelowagreedgoalsnowrequiresthatweaddressallmajorclimatepollutants.”Thereiscurrentlymuchlessmethaneinouratmospherethancarbondioxide(CO2),butmethaneisastrongergreenhousegas.Weknowthatmethaneisamajorcontributortothewarmingoftheworld,trappingheatlikeCO2does.Italsocontributestotheformationofozone(臭氧)atgroundlevel,increasingtheriskofdeaththroughrespiratoryillnessesandcardiovasculardiseases.“Rapidreductionsinmethaneemissionsthisdecadeareessentialtoslowingwarminginthenearfuture,limitingovershootbythemiddleofthecenturyandkeepinglow-warmingcarbonbudgetswithinreach,”writetheresearchers.WarningsfromscientistsaboutthestateofEarth’sclimatepatharenowreachingadeafeninglevel.Humanityshouldpaycloseattentiontothosewarningsandtakeaction.1．Whatdoweknowaboutmethaneemissions?A．Theyarecurrentlyaminorconcern.B．Theyhavebeengoingupsince2006.C．Theyhavedecreasedsteadilysince2020.D．Theyaremainlycausedbycleaneroptions.2．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Thecontinueduseofmethaneemissions.B．Strategiesforreducingmethaneemissions.C．Theimpactofmethaneemissionsonhumanhealth.D．Thecontributionsofsourcestomethaneemissions.3．Whyisreducingmethaneemissionsconsideredurgent?A．Methanelessenstheamountofozone.B．Methanelimitsclimatechangeeffectively.C．Methanepromotesglobalwarminggreatly.D．Methanekeepslow-warmingcarbonbudgets.4．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Tocallonpeopletohandlemethaneemissions.B．Tointroducethehistoryofmethaneemissions.C．Tohighlightthedangersofmethaneformation.D．Toadvocatefortheincreaseduseoffossilfuels.【新八省閱讀·說明文08】（24-25高三上·云南昆明·階段練習）Ifyourecentlyhadtroublefiguringoutifanimageofapersonisrealorgeneratedthroughartificialintelligence(AI),you’renotalone.AnewstudyfromUniversityofWaterlooresearchersfoundthatpeoplehadmoredifficultythanwasexpecteddistinguishingwhoisarealpersonandwhoisartificiallygenerated.TheWaterloostudysaw260participantsprovidedwith20unlabeledpictures:10ofwhichwereofrealpeopleobtainedfromGooglesearches,andtheother10generatedbyStableDiffusionorDALL-E,twocommonlyusedAIprogramsthatgenerateimages.ParticipantswereaskedtolabeleachimageasrealorAI-generatedandexplainwhytheymadetheirdecision.Only61%ofparticipantscouldtellthedifferencebetweenAI-generatedpeopleandrealones,farbelowthe85%threshold(門檻)thatresearchersexpected.“Peoplearenotasadeptatmakingthedistinctionastheythinktheyare,”saidAndreeaPocol,aPhDcandidateinComputerScienceattheUniversityofWaterloo.Participantspaidattentiontodetailssuchasfingers,teeth,andeyesaspossibleindicatorswhenlookingforAI-generatedcontent-buttheirassessmentsweren’talwayscorrect.Pocolnotedthatthenatureofthestudyallowedparticipantstocomparephotosindetail,whilemostInternetuserslookatimagesinpassing.“Peoplewhoarejustdoomscrolling(滾動)ordon’thavetimewon’tpickupontheseclues,”Pocolsaid.PocoladdedthattheextremelyrapidrateatwhichAItechnologyisdevelopingmakesitparticularlydifficulttounderstandthepotentialformaliciousorillegalactionposedbyAI-generatedimages.Thepaceofacademicresearchandlegislation(立法)isn’toftenabletokeepup:AI-generatedimageshavebecomeevenmorerealisticsincethestudybeganinlate2022.“Disinformationisn’tnew,butthetoolsofdisinformationhavebeenconstantlyshiftingandprogressing,”Pocolsaid.“Itmaygettoapointwherepeople,nomatterhowtrainedtheyare,willstillstruggletodifferentiaterealimagesfromfakes.That’swhyweneedtodeveloptoolstoidentifyandcounterthis.”1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“adept”inparagraph3mean?A．Expert. B．Quick. C．Alarmed. D．Puzzled.2．Whatdecreasedtheaccuracyoftheresultoftheexperiment?A．Ignoringfacialexpressions. B．Drawingaconclusioninahurry.C．Lackingprofessionalguidance. D．Failingtodistinguishthedetails.3．What’sPocol’sadviceondealingwithdisinformation?A．Providingpeoplewithrelatedtraining. B．Banningthespreadoffakeinformation.C．Doingsomefieldresearchinperson. D．Developingpracticaltoolstoidentifyit.4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Methodsofdistinguishingdisinformation. B．ThreatscausedbyAI-generatedimages.C．DifficultiesintellingAI-generatedimages. D．Differencesbetweenartificialandrealimages.【新八省閱讀·說明文09】（24-25高三上·云南大理·階段練習）Shanghaiscientistshavedevisedanewmaterialthatcanbeusedtodeveloptwo-dimensional,low-power-consumptioncomputerchips,whichmaysignificantlyimprovetheirenergyefficiencyandhaveimportantmeaningsforsmartphonebatteryendurance.Low-powerconsumption,high-performance