重慶市九龍坡區(qū)2024屆高三下學期二模診斷英語試題姓名：__________班級：__________考號：__________題號一二三四五六總分評分一、閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。Experiencetheultimatewellnessretreatforyourmind,body,andsoulamidstthebreathtakinglandscapesofIceland.Acrossthecountryareworld-classspasthattapintoIceland'sabundant,sustainableandmineral-richwatersfromgeothermal(地熱的)sources.Icelandisatruedestination,attractingtiredtravelersfromacrosstheglobe.SecretLagoonSecretLagoonnaturalhotspringsarelocatedinthesmallvillagecalledFludir.InthewholeareathereareseveralgeothermalspotsandalittleGeysirwhicheruptsevery5minutes,showingofffortheguestsrelaxinginthehotspring.Duringwinter,thenorthernlightsareoftengivingagreatlightshowaboveSecretLagoon.TheBlueLagoonTheBlueLagoonisahealthandgeothermalspaontheReykjanesPeninsula.FortenconsecutiveyearsBlueLagoonhasbeenawardedtheBlueFlagenvironmentalrecognitiongrantedtonaturalbeachesandhotsprings.Thelagoonholdsninemillionlitersofgeothermalseawater.LaugarvatnFontanaLaugarvatnFontanaistheplaceforrelaxationandanauthenticIcelandicexperience.Soakinthewarmgeothermalpoolsandgetenergizedinthenaturalsteamrooms,withthehotspringbubblingrightbelowyou.BesurenottomissavisittotastethedeliciousryebreadthatgrandmothersoftheareahavebeenbakinginthehotspringsofLaugarvatnfordecades.MyvatnNatureBathsLocatedintheheartofnorth-eastIcelandabout105kilometres(65miles)southoftheArcticCircle,LakeMyvatnanditssurroundingsareoneofEurope'sgreatestnaturaltreasures.Containingauniqueblendofminerals,silicatesandmicro-organisms,thewarmsoothingwaterofMyvatnNatureBathbenefitsbothskinandspiritalike.1．WhatdoSecretLagoonandTheBlueLagoonhaveincommon?A．Theyownnaturalhotsprings.B．Theyholdgeothermalseawater.C．Theyfeaturesquitelonghistories.D．Theyhavelightshowsforvisitors.2．Wherecantravelersexperiencethelocalelder-makingfood?A．SecretLagoon. B．TheBlueLagoon.C．LaugarvatnFontana. D．MyvatnNatureBaths.3．WhatisafeatureofMyvatnNatureBaths?A．Itofferstravelersgeothermalspaservices.B．ItseesaGeysirthateruptsevery5minutes.C．ItcontainsEurope'sgreatestnaturalandculturalresources.D．Itenjoysamixtureofminerals,silicatesandmicro-organisms.閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。Finland'ssystemforreturningdrinkcontainersstartedinthe1950s,andtodayalmosteverybottleandcanisrecycled.Convenienceisthecornerstoneofthesystem'ssuccess.Nowadaystherearealmost5,000container-returnmachinesacrossFinland.Mostofthemarelocatedinthesameshopsthatselldrinks,makingreturningthemaconvenientpartofpeople'sroutine.Hotels,restaurants,offices,schoolsandeventorganizersreturncontainersthroughtheirdrinkproviders.Thereturnmachinesareeasytouse.Youplaceabottleorcanonasetofminiconveyorbeltsatthefrontofthemachine.Theycarryitpastascannerandoutofsight.Themachinesortsthebottlesandcrushesthecans.Whenyou'redone,youpressabuttonandthemachinegivesyouareceipt.Plasticbottlesareworth20to40cents,dependingontheirsize,whileglassbottlesareworth10to40centsandaluminium(鋁)cansare15cents.Thereturnedcontainersarerecycledorthematerialsarereused.AcrossFinland,onaverage,everyFinnreturns373itemsinayear:251aluminiumcans,98plasticbottlesand24glassbottles.Thegovernmenthasentrustedthisfunctiontotheprivateagency."Palpaiscompletelynonprofitandreceivesnogovernmentfunding,"saysTommiVihavainen,Palpa'sdirectorofproducerservices,ICTandcommunication.Russia,theUKandothercountrieshaveshowninterestintheFinnishsystem."MostvisitorswanttoseehowthereturnsystemworksinFinland,"saysVihavainen."Wedon'tactasconsultants,butwe'reproudtopresentoursystem."4．WhatdoweknowaboutFinland'ssystemforreturningdrinkcontainers?A．Itstillhasalongwaytodevelop.B．Itgainspopularityforitsconvenience.C．Itusedtobefashionablebutnowout-dated.D．It'ssupportedfinanciallybythegovernment.5．Whydoesthewriterusethefiguresinparagraph3?A．ToshowFinnsconsumevariousdrinks.B．Tohelpmakethestorymoreinteresting.C．Tomaketheimpactofthesystemconvincing.D．Toguaranteetheproperlogicofthepassage.6．What'sVihavainen'sattitudetowardsthereturnsystem?A．Indifferent. B．Positive. C．Pessimistic. D．Dismissive.7．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Finland'srecyclingprogrammekeepsbottlesoffstreets.B．Thereturnmachinesintheworldarepopularandeasy.C．Palpa—acompletenonprofittorecyclethebottles.D．Finland—acountryfreeofwastesuchasbottles.閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。Julywastheworld'shottestmonthonrecord.WildfiresthissummerdestroyedaHawaiiancityandcausedexcuations(疏散)inCanada.Greece,andThailand.FloodsdevastatedtownsinVermontinJulyandkilledthousandsofLibyansinSeptember.JohnVaillant'snewbookFireWeatheraimstoshakeusoutofthiswithataleofterrorfromaclimatechangefrontline:thecityofFortMcMurray,innorthernCanada'svastforest,whereanuncontrollablewildfireduringanexceptionallywarmspringin2016floodedentirecommunitieswithindays.Vaillanttellshisstoryatdisaster-moviepace,startingwiththeglimpseofsmokeonthehorizonandassurancesfromtheauthoritiesthatallwillbefine.Mountingmisfortunefollowsastheflameslickgolfcoursesonthecity'sedge.Bytheend,90,00peoplehadbeenevacuated,2,500structuresdestroyed,another500damaged.Theenergygeneratedbythefirecreateditsownweathersystem,withhurricaneforcewindsandlightningstrikes.Whatattractsmemostisthebook'scentralirony.ThestorytakesplaceinFortMcMurrary,whichistheindustrialcentreofnorthernAlberta'starsands,oneoftheworld'slargestfossilfueldeposits.Itisacitywhoseexistencedependsonthehydrocarbonswhoseburningcausedclimatechange;butwhoseexistencealmostendedinaclimate-causedburning.FireWeatherisn'tatypicaldisasterbook.Vaillant'sreferencestoNassimTaleb,Lucretius,SeamusHeaney,TheLordoftheRings,Xerxes,andMoby-Dickcangrant.ButVaillant'sthemeisalsocatchingmyeyes.Ourindustrialworldisreleasingcarbonatarate10timesfasterthanscientistscanfindinthegeologicalrecordforthepast250mnyears,hewrites."Thankstofireandourappetiteforboundlessenergy,wehaveevolvedintoageologiceventthatwillbemeasurableamillionyearsfromnow."8．What'sthepurposeofmentioningtheexamplesinparagraph1?A．Toshowthevarietiesofnaturedisasters.B．Toengagethereadersinthesametopic.C．Toindicatethedifficultiesoftheseareas.D．Toprovidethebackgroundofthebook.9．What'sspecialaboutthebookaccordingtothispassage?A．Plotandviewpoint. B．Characterandconflict.C．Settingandtheme. D．Toneandstyle.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"grant"inparagraph5mean?A．Bepresented. B．Berefused.C．Bepreserved. D．Berecorded.11．Whereasthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A．Anessayontheclimatechange.B．AguidebooktoFortMcMurrary.C．Areviewofworlddisasters.D．Anintroductiontoabook.閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。Thepastfewmonthshavebroughtelectrifyingnewsthat,forthefirsttime,agenetreatmenthasprovidedsomehearingtochildrenbornwithdeafness.EliLillyannouncedthisweek,forexample,thataprofoundlydeafboyfromMoroccogivenitstreatmentaspartofaclinicaltrialinPhiladelphiacannowhear.AndfivechildreninChinatreatedsimilarlyatyoungeragesgainedhearingwithsomeabletoverballycommunicatewithouttheircochlearimplants(人工耳蝸).Theirhearingrecovery,firstcoveredbythepressinOctober2023,isdescribedindetailthisweekinTheLancet."It'sanenormousachievement,"saysgeneticistKarenAvrahamofTelAvivUniversity.Otolaryngologist(耳鼻喉科專家)andgenetherapistLawrenceLustigofColumbiaUniversity,whoselabwasamongthefirsttotestthesameapproachinmice,agrees."Otherthancochlearimplants,wehaven'treallyhadanysuccessfultreatmentstotreatdeafness,"henotes.Thevariouseffortsfromcompaniesandacademiccenterseachuseavirustoinsertthesamegene,OTOF,intothechildren'sinnerearsotheso-calledhaircellstherecansensesoundandtransmitittothebrain.Thenewdeafnesstreatmentsaddtoastringofrecentsuccessesforthegenetreatmentfield,butalsoraisequestions.Theear'shaircellsdon'tdivide,sothenewcopiesofOTOFtheycontainshouldpersistandcontinuetoinstructthecellstomakeOTOF.Geneexpressioncoulddropoffovertimeortheearcouldmountanimmuneresponsethatshutsitoff.ButLustigisoptimisticthatthevariouschallengeswillbeovercome."Nowthatwe'vegotonesuccessstory,there'sgoingtobemoremoneycomingintofundsomeoftheseotherprojects,"hesays.12．Whatdoweknowaboutthenewtreatment?A．Itisatotallymaturepractice.B．It'saChina-onlyclinicaltrial.C．Itusesavirustosensesound.D．Itaimstotreatthedeafness.13．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheimpactofthetreatment?A．Breakthrough. B．Regret.C．Disappointment. D．Adventure.14．Whatistheproblemofthegenetreatment?A．Thebrainrefusestoreceiveit.B．Genestopstoproducehaircells.C．Geneexpressionmightbeweakened.D．Companiesreallyprofitalotfromit.15．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．ElectrifyingNewsBasedonSomeClinicalTrialsB．GeneTreatmentThatBringsDeafChildrenHopeC．WaysHowScientistsDevelopCochlearImplantsD．ChallengesAbouttheNewDeafnessTreatment二、第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項（選項中有兩項為多余選項）。Ploggingisagreatwaytomakeyourlittleareaoftheworldalittlecleaner,brighter,andsaferwhileboostingyourownhealth,fitness,andmood.ThisupandcomingenvironmentalactivitybeganinSwedenin2016.16．.ItisquiteacommonsceneacrossotherEuropeancountries,aswellastheUnitedStates,Mexico,andotherareas.Definitionofplogging17．.Itisatermmadebycombining"jogging"with"plockaupp,"whichisSwedishfor"pickup."Therefore,theploggingdefinitionisanemergingfitnessthatinvolvespickinguplitterortrashwhileyourun.BenefitsofploggingBecauseploggingtypicallyinvolvesjoggingorrunning,therearemanyhealthbenefitstothiseco-friendlyfitnesstrend.However,thebenefitsextendbeyondjustimprovinghearthealth.18．.First,itimprovesmoodandmakesyoufeelgoodaboutyourself.What'smore,itgivesbacktoyourcommunityandconnectsyouonlineandbuildssocialconnectionswithotherploggers.HowtogetstartedBeforeyoustart,you'llneedtooutfityourselfwiththerightgeartogetthejobdone.Ifyou'realreadyrunningorjogging,youshouldhaveagoodpairofrunningshoesandrunningapparel(裝備).19．.Otherwise,brokenglassandsharpanddirtylitteritemsyoumaypickupwillhurtyou.Atrashbagofsomesortforcollectingwhatyoupickupisamustaswell.20．.Theoretically,youcangoploggingalmostanywhereyouhavepermissiontobe.Dependingonwhereyoulive,youmayencountertrashalongthesideoftheroads,parks,schoolplaygrounds,trails,parkinglots,townsquaresandbikepaths.

A.HowtodoploggingB.WheretogoploggingC.IthassincespreadaroundtheworldD.HerearesomeofthetopbenefitsofploggingE.It'simportantthatyouhavetherightfootwearI.Beyondthat,you'llneedagoodpairofglovestoprotectyourhandsGPloggingisnot,infact,acompoundwordof"plodding"and"jogging"三、第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。WhenmysonReacecelebratedhissixthbirthdaytwoyearsago,hemadeawishthatIwouldgetatransplant.Lessthanaweeklater,hiswishcametruewhenIreceivednew21．.Bornwithabreathingdisease,Iwasabletomanagemy22．withoutahospitalvisituntilIwas23.At30,23．,itsteadilyworsenedandIwas24．foratransplant.Istartedhavingcheck-upsonceayear,theneverysixmonths,theneverythreemonthsuntilIwas25．livingatthehospitalandreliantonoxygentosurvive.Everyday26．likehavingashowerorbrushingmyhairbecame27．.Afterfourmonthsonthelist,I28．thecalltosayapairoflungswasavailable.Thetransplantwassuccessfulandthe29．wasnoticeable.BeforemytransplantIhadbeenso30．,Icouldn'tevenwalkfromthecouchtothefrontdoorwithout31．mybreath—anditwasonlysixpaces.32．.IwassousedtobeingbreathlessthatIdidn'tknowanydifference.Ihad33．whatitwouldbeliketobea34．personandnowIknow.Icandoeverythinganordinarymumwoulddo:housework,workout,ortakingReacetobasketball.Iamextremelygratefultomy35．a(chǎn)ndhisfamily.21．A．medicines B．gifts C．lungs D．hearts22．A．condition B．weight C．stress D．emotion23．A．therefore B．however C．otherwise D．besides24．A．scheduled B．hospitalized C．listed D．selected25．A．barely B．previously C．temporarily D．basically26．A．tasks B．challenges C．decisions D．concerns27．A．necessary B．fundamentalC．impossible D．contradictory28．A．missed B．received C．returned D．rejected29．A．symptom B．damage C．trouble D．difference30．A．sick B．nervous C．sensitive D．innocent31．A．catching B．holding C．losing D．recovering32．A．Fortunately B．Actually C．Possibly D．Eventually33．A．understood B．experienced C．recalled D．wondered34．A．normal B．distinguishedC．disabled D．responsible35．A．doctor B．nurse C．child D．donor四、第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當單詞或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Itisabeautifuldrone(無人機)shot,36．popularkindofvideoyoumightseeinatravelvideo.However,thereisnodrone37．camera,andyouneedn'ttravelinpersonbecausethevideowasgeneratedbyAI,whichisfromanewtoolprogrammedbyOpenAIcalledSora.It'snotperfect,butit'salargestepupfromwhatwe'veseenbefore.Whatmostpeopledon'tknowis38．Soracandomorethanjustcreatevideosfromscratch.Itcancombineseparatevideosintoonescene.Anditsvideoscanbeup39．a(chǎn)minutelongandin1080presolution.40．(compare)withRunwayML,thedifferencewithSoraisthatit'scoherent.Previoussystemhavea41．(character)morphing(圖像漸變)qualityasthevideo42．(program).WithSora,that'svastlyreducedorgonealtogether.The43．(object)remainstableevenwhencoveredbythingsintheforeground.We'veseensomethingsimilartothisinresearchsince2019,butwhatisnewistheability44．(combine)twovideostogetherinonescene.Itcanalsomakeupdifferentcameraanglesofasinglescenewithjustoneprompt.Sora,likedigitalaudioworkstation45．(envelop)recordingstudiosseveralyearsago,mustbeatrendsoon.五、第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（滿分15分）46．上周你校舉行了主題為"ReadingandSharing"讀書分享活動。請你為校英語報寫一篇報道，內(nèi)容包括：1.活動目的；2.活動過程；3.活動反響。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應為80左右；2.請按如下格式在答題紙的相應位置作答。六、第二節(jié)（滿分25分）47．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。Ithadbeenachallengingweek,markedbyasuddenlargeincreaseinoilpricescoincidingwithasharpdropintemperaturesinBoston.Itwasnearlybelowzerodegree.Withthreemissedworkdaysundermybelt,myupcomingpaycheckwasgoingtobelowerthannormal.ThestressweighedheavilyonmeasIcarefullysoughtforeveryconceivableopportunitytosavepennies,ensuringthatIcouldaffordbothgroceriesandkeepthehousewarm.Myeight-year-oldsondidn'tunderstandwhenItoldhimwewerestrugglingthatweek.Hehadhisheartsetonaparticularbrandofyogurt,butIdidn'thavetheextrathreedollarstobuyitforhim.Itwasthekindofyogurtdecoratedwithacartoonchildskateboardingonitspackaging,containingameretwospoonfulspercup.Suchproducts,designedtolurechildrenwiththeirflashymarketing,onlyservedtomakemehateadvertising.However,abunchofparentalguiltgrippedmeashisinnocenteyesmetmine,silentlyquestioning,"Whyisyogurtsuchabigdeal?"Determ?nedtosweephisdisappointment,Imadeasacrificetypicalofsinglemothers.Ireturnedanitemneededtotheshelf,ensuringthathecouldenjoyhisfavoriteyogurt.Onthejourneybackfromthegrocerystore,asightcaughtmyattention—ahomelessman,holdingasignbytheroadside.Myheartached,andIturnedaround,observingpassers-bypurposefullysteer(繞開)clearofhim,avoidinganymeaningfulinteraction.Evenmysondidn'tseemtocaremuch.either.Yet,uponcloserinspection,Inoticedtheman—barehandsgraspingapieceofcardboard,snotfrozentohisface,aworn-outjacket.AndthereIwasstrugglingbecauseIhadtobuyoilandgroceries.ButIdecidedtohelp.Ipulledovertothemanandhandedhimafive-dollarbill.注意：1）續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應為150左右；2）請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。Seeingthis,mysonbecameconfusedandsurprised.Onthatday,mysonperformedanactthatmostadultswouldn'thavedone.

答案解析部分【答案】1．A2．C3．D【解析】【分析】這是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了四個含有地熱水的地方。

【點評】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及細節(jié)理解題一種題型。細節(jié)理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細節(jié)理解題時，要根據(jù)題干中的關鍵詞，找準相關句、段的內(nèi)容，再仔細對照，不符合原文意義的選項要首先排除，反之，則是正確選項。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段"InthewholeareathereareseveralgeothermalspotsandalittleGeysirwhicheruptsevery5minutes,showingofffortheguestsrelaxinginthehotspring.(整個地區(qū)有幾個地熱點和一個小間歇泉，每5分鐘噴發(fā)一次，為在溫泉中放松的客人展示。)"以及第三段"FortenconsecutiveyearsBlueLagoonhasbeenawardedtheBlueFlagenvironmentalrecognitiongrantedtonaturalbeachesandhotsprings.(藍瀉湖連續(xù)十年被授予天然海灘和溫泉的藍旗環(huán)境認可。)"可知，秘密瀉湖和藍色瀉湖的共同之處是都有天然溫泉。故選A。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"BesurenottomissavisittotastethedeliciousryebreadthatgrandmothersoftheareahavebeenbakinginthehotspringsofLaugarvatnfordecades.(一定不要錯過品嘗美味的黑麥面包的機會，這是該地區(qū)的祖母們幾十年來在勞加瓦滕的溫泉里烘烤的面包。)"可知，游客在LaugarvatnFontana可以體驗到當?shù)氐闹谱骼先说氖澄铩９蔬xC。3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段"Containingauniqueblendofminerals,silicatesandmicro-organisms,thewarmsoothingwaterofMyvatnNatureBathbenefitsbothskinandspiritalike.(含有獨特的礦物質(zhì)，硅酸鹽和微生物的混合物，Myvatn自然浴溫暖舒緩的水對皮膚和精神都有好處。)"可知，Myvatn自然浴場的特色是它是礦物質(zhì)、硅酸鹽和微生物的混合物。故選D。【答案】4．B5．C6．B7．A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了芬蘭的飲料容器回收系統(tǒng)因為其方便而受到歡迎，介紹了其工作原理以及人們對此的看法。

【點評】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及細節(jié)理解題，推理判斷題和主旨大意題三種題型。細節(jié)理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細節(jié)理解題時，要根據(jù)題干中的關鍵詞，找準相關句、段的內(nèi)容，再仔細對照，不符合原文意義的選項要首先排除，反之，則是正確選項。做推理判斷題時，要求考生不能憑主觀臆斷推測或妄加猜測，必須忠實于原文，以材料所提供的相關事實和線索為依據(jù)，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：審清題目要求；鎖定關鍵信息；挖掘隱含信息；排除干擾選項；把握語境情感；邏輯推理分析。做主旨大意題時，要求考生抓住每段或每個層次的主要含義進行加工、提煉，通過對語篇結構的分析即對文章內(nèi)部各層次間的邏輯關系的分析，將每段的主題綜合起來，找出文章的中心。4．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段"Convenienceisthecornerstoneofthesystem'ssuccess.(便利是該系統(tǒng)成功的基石)"可知，芬蘭的飲料容器回收系統(tǒng)因其方便而受到歡迎。故選B。5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段"Thereturnedcontainersarerecycledorthematerialsarereused.AcrossFinland,onaverage,everyFinnreturns373itemsinayear:251aluminiumcans,98plasticbottlesand24glassbottles.(回收的容器被回收或材料被再利用。在芬蘭，平均每個芬蘭人每年要退回373件物品：251個鋁罐、98個塑料瓶和24個玻璃瓶)"推知，作者在第三段使用這些數(shù)字是為了使該系統(tǒng)的影響具有說服力。故選C。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"Wedon'tactasconsultants,butwe'reproudtopresentoursystem.(我們不充當顧問，但我們很自豪地展示我們的系統(tǒng))"可知，Vihavainen對回收制度的態(tài)度是積極的。故選B。7．主旨大意題。通讀全文，并根據(jù)第一段"Finland'ssystemforreturningdrinkcontainersstartedinthe1950s,andtodayalmosteverybottleandcanisrecycled.Convenienceisthecornerstoneofthesystem'ssuccess.(芬蘭的飲料容器回收系統(tǒng)始于20世紀50年代，如今幾乎所有的瓶子和罐頭都被回收利用。便利是該系統(tǒng)成功的基石)"可知，這篇文章主要講的是芬蘭的回收項目讓瓶子遠離街道。故選A。【答案】8．B9．C10．A11．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了JohnVaillant的新書《火災天氣》，包括其主要情節(jié)、敘事特點、諷刺意味以及探究的主題。

【點評】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及細節(jié)理解題，推理判斷題和詞義猜測題三種題型。細節(jié)理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細節(jié)理解題時，要根據(jù)題干中的關鍵詞，找準相關句、段的內(nèi)容，再仔細對照，不符合原文意義的選項要首先排除，反之，則是正確選項。做推理判斷題時，要求考生不能憑主觀臆斷推測或妄加猜測，必須忠實于原文，以材料所提供的相關事實和線索為依據(jù)，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：審清題目要求；鎖定關鍵信息；挖掘隱含信息；排除干擾選項；把握語境情感；邏輯推理分析。詞義猜測題的解題方法包括利用指代關系、定義、定語、文章中的舉例、比較的詞語、構詞法知識、上下文語境、因果關系來推測詞義。8．推理判斷題。第一段"Julywastheworld'shottestmonthonrecord.WildfiresthissummerdestroyedaHawaiiancityandcausedevacuations(疏散)inCanada,Greece,andThailand.FloodsdevastatedtownsinVermontinJulyandkilledthousandsofLibyansinSeptember.(7月是世界上有記錄以來最熱的一個月。今年夏天的野火摧毀了夏威夷的一座城市，并導致加拿大、希臘和泰國的居民撤離。7月，洪水摧毀了佛蒙特州的城鎮(zhèn)，9月，數(shù)千名利比亞人喪生)"用具體的自然災害事例說明7月的炎熱，第二段中"JohnVaillant'snewbookFireWeatheraimstoshakeusoutofthiswithataleofterrorfromaclimatechangefrontline(JohnVaillant的新書《火災天氣》旨在用一個來自氣候變化前線的恐怖故事讓我們擺脫這種困境)"提到JohnVaillant的新書《火災天氣》的主題，這一主題與第一段中的自然災害事例密切相關。由此推知，提到這些例子的目的是讓讀者對同一個話題產(chǎn)生興趣。故選B。9．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段"Whatattractsmemostisthebook'scentralirony.ThestorytakesplaceinFortMcMurrary,whichistheindustrialcentreofnorthernAlberta'starsands,oneoftheworld'slargestfossilfueldeposits.Itisacitywhoseexistencedependsonthehydrocarbonswhoseburningcausedclimatechange;butwhoseexistencealmostendedinaclimate-causedburning.(最吸引我的是這本書的核心諷刺。故事發(fā)生在FortMcMurrary，它是阿爾伯塔省北部焦油砂的工業(yè)中心，是世界上最大的化石燃料礦床之一。這座城市的存在依賴于碳氫化合物，而碳氫化合物的燃燒導致了氣候變化；但它的存在幾乎在氣候引起的燃燒中結束)"和最后一段中"ButVaillant'sthemeisalsocatchingmyeyes.(但Vaillant的主題也引起了我的注意)"可知，作者認為這本書的特別之處在于其背景設置為世界上最大的化石燃料礦床之一的FortMcMurrary，極具諷刺意味，以及其探究的主題。故選C。10．詞義猜測題。畫線詞的前文"FireWeatherisn'tatypicaldisasterbook.(《火災天氣》不是一本典型的災難書)"指出《火災天氣》作為災難書的非典型性，這是一個評價，再結合畫線詞所在句的主語"Vaillant'sreferencestoNassimTaleb,Lucretius,SeamusHeaney,TheLordoftheRings,Xerxes,andMoby-Dick(Vaillant引用了納西姆·塔勒布、盧克萊修、謝默斯·希尼、《指環(huán)王》、薛西斯和《白鯨》)"可推知，這些引用可以佐證上一句中的評價，此處指這些引用"都可以證明這一點"，畫線詞意思與Bepresented"被呈現(xiàn)出來（證明）"相近。故選A。11．推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第二段中"JohnVaillant'snewbookFireWeatheraimstoshakeusoutofthiswithataleofterrorfromaclimatechangefrontline(JohnVaillant的新書《火災天氣》旨在用一個來自氣候變化前線的恐怖故事讓我們擺脫這種困境)"可知，文章圍繞JohnVaillant的新書《火災天氣》展開，主要介紹了其主要情節(jié)、敘事特點、諷刺意味以及探究的主題等內(nèi)容。因此，文章應該出自對一本書的介紹。故選D。【答案】12．D13．A14．C15．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了基因治療在治療先天性耳聾兒童方面取得的成功。最近幾個月以來，一些媒體報道了幾例兒童接受基因治療后聽力恢復的情況，專家對這一突破性成果表示欣喜。盡管新的治療方法存在挑戰(zhàn)，但科學家們?nèi)匀粯酚^地認為這些問題可以克服。

【點評】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及細節(jié)理解題，推理判斷題和主旨大意題三種題型。細節(jié)理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細節(jié)理解題時，要根據(jù)題干中的關鍵詞，找準相關句、段的內(nèi)容，再仔細對照，不符合原文意義的選項要首先排除，反之，則是正確選項。做推理判斷題時，要求考生不能憑主觀臆斷推測或妄加猜測，必須忠實于原文，以材料所提供的相關事實和線索為依據(jù)，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：審清題目要求；鎖定關鍵信息；挖掘隱含信息；排除干擾選項；把握語境情感；邏輯推理分析。做主旨大意題時，要求考生抓住每段或每個層次的主要含義進行加工、提煉，通過對語篇結構的分析即對文章內(nèi)部各層次間的邏輯關系的分析，將每段的主題綜合起來，找出文章的中心。12．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中"forthefirsttime,agenetreatmenthasprovidedsomehearingtochildrenbornwithdeafness(一項基因治療首次為先天性失聰兒童提供了一些聽力)"可知，這個新療法的目的是治療失聰。故選D。13．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中KarenAvraham所說的話"It'sanenormousachievement(這是一個巨大的成就)"和LawrenceLustig所說的話"Otherthancochlearimplants,wehaven'treallyhadanysuccessfultreatmentstotreatdeafness(除了人工耳蝸，我們還沒有任何成功的治療失聰?shù)姆椒?"可知，這一療法成就很大，打破了以往只有人工耳蝸可以成功治療失聰?shù)那闆r。因此，這一療法是一項突破。故選A。14．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中"Theear'shaircellsdon'tdivide,sothenewcopiesofOTOFtheycontainshouldpersistandcontinuetoinstructthecellstomakeOTOF.Geneexpressioncoulddropoffovertimeortheearcouldmountanimmuneresponsethatshutsitoff.(耳朵的毛細胞不會分裂，所以它們所包含的新的OTOF復制體應該會持續(xù)存在，并繼續(xù)指導細胞制造OTOF。隨著時間的推移，基因表達可能會下降，或者耳朵會產(chǎn)生免疫反應，將其關閉。)"可知，這一基因療法的問題是基因表達可能會減弱。故選C。15．主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段"Thepastfewmonthshavebroughtelectrifyingnewsthat,forthefirsttime,agenetreatmenthasprovidedsomehearingtochildrenbornwithdeafness.(過去幾個月帶來了令人振奮的消息，基因治療首次為先天性失聰兒童提供了一些聽力。)"可知，文章圍繞基因治療在治療先天性失聰兒童方面取得的成功展開。文章介紹了最近幾個月以來，一些媒體報道了幾例兒童接受基因治療后聽力恢復的情況，專家對這一突破性成果表示欣喜。盡管新的治療方法存在挑戰(zhàn)，但科學家們?nèi)匀粯酚^地認為這些問題可以克服。因此，B項"基因治療給失聰兒童帶來希望"契合文章主旨，適合作為文章標題。故選B。【答案】16．C；17．G；18．D；19．F；20．B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了ploggging（跑步撿垃圾）這項環(huán)保活動的情況。

【點評】考查任務型閱讀（七選五）。解題時，要求考生注意通讀整篇文章，把握整段脈絡，理出文章的中心，分析段落之間和段落內(nèi)部的層次。選項與前后句之間的邏輯關系是確定答案的主要依據(jù)。可以從意思、關鍵詞、關聯(lián)詞來分析段落之間以及段落內(nèi)部的邏輯關系。七選五解題的一些實用技巧如下。第一，快速瀏覽全文，把握文章主旨。在開始解題前，快速瀏覽全文，了解文章的大致內(nèi)容和主題，有助于更好地理解和判斷每個選項的合適性。第二，注意段首句和段尾句。段首句往往是對整段的概括或引入，而段尾句則常常是對該段的總結或結論。因此，關注這些句子有助于我們快速了解段落的主旨，從而更好地選擇答案。第三，利用上下文語境和邏輯關系進行推斷。在選擇答案時，要仔細閱讀上下文，尋找與選項相關的線索和信息，如關聯(lián)詞、同義詞、反義詞等。同時，也要根據(jù)邏輯關系進行推斷，如因果、轉(zhuǎn)折、并列等，從而確定正確答案。第四，排除法也是一種有效的解題方法。當面對多個選項時，可以先排除與文章主旨或上下文不符的選項，然后再根據(jù)剩余選項的內(nèi)容進行比較和選擇。16．根據(jù)上文"Ploggingisagreatwaytomakeyourlittleareaoftheworldalittlecleaner,brighter,andsaferwhileboostingyourownhealth,fitness,andmood.ThisupandcomingenvironmentalactivitybeganinSwedenin2016.(Plogging是一個很好的方法，可以讓你的小區(qū)域變得更干凈，更明亮，更安全，同時促進你自己的健康，健身和情緒。這項即將到來的環(huán)保活動于2016年在瑞典開始)"后文"ItisquiteacommonsceneacrossotherEuropeancountries,aswellastheUnitedStates,Mexico,andotherareas.(在歐洲其他國家，以及美國、墨西哥和其他地區(qū)，這是一個相當常見的場景)"可知，后文提到了Plogging活動在世界各地都很常見，說明傳播到了世界各地。故C選項"它已經(jīng)傳播到世界各地"符合語境，故選C。17．根據(jù)后文"Itisatermmadebycombining"jogging"with"plockaupp,"whichisSwedishfor"pickup."Therefore,theploggingdefinitionisanemergingfitnessthatinvolvespickinguplitterortrashwhileyourun.(這個詞是由"慢跑"和"plockaupp"組合而成的，"plockaupp"是瑞典語的"撿起來"。因此，plogging的定義是一種新興的健身方式，包括一邊跑步一邊撿垃圾)"可知，本句主要是在解釋plogging這個單詞的構成以及定義，故G選項"事實上，Plogging并不是"plodding"和"慢跑"的合成詞"符合語境，故選G。18．根據(jù)后文"First,itimprovesmoodandmakesyoufeelgoodaboutyourself.What'smore,itgivesbacktoyourcommunityandconnectsyouonlineandbuildssocialconnectionswithotherploggers.(首先，它能改善情緒，讓你自我感覺良好。更重要的是，它回饋了你的社區(qū)，連接了你的網(wǎng)絡，并與其他博客建立了社會聯(lián)系)"可知，本句主要引出后文，說明ploggging的好處。故D選項"以下是ploggging的一些最大好處"符合語境，故選D。19．根據(jù)后文"Otherwise,brokenglassandsharpanddirtylitteritemsyoumaypickupwillhurtyou.(否則，你可能撿起的碎玻璃和尖銳的臟垃圾會傷害到你)"可知，本句主要是說明如何不被碎玻璃和尖銳的臟垃圾傷害的保護措施。故F選項"除此之外，你還需要一副好的手套來保護你的手"符合語境，故選F。20．根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容"Theoretically,youcangoploggingalmostanywhereyouhavepermissiontobe.Dependingonwhereyoulive,youmayencountertrashalongthesideoftheroads,parks,schoolplaygrounds,trails,parkinglots,townsquaresandbikepaths.(理論上講，你幾乎可以去任何你允許去的地方。根據(jù)你住的地方不同，你可能會在路邊、公園、學校操場、小路、停車場、城鎮(zhèn)廣場和自行車道邊遇到垃圾)"可知，本段主要介紹了可以進行ploggging活動的地點。故B選項"去哪里跑步撿垃圾"符合語境，故選B。【答案】21．C；22．A；23．B；24．C；25．D；26．A；27．C；28．B；29．D；30．A；31．C；32．B；33．D；34．A；35．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了作者生來就患有呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病，在病情惡化后接受了肺移植手術，并成功獲得了新的肺的故事。在手術前，作者生活在病痛中，甚至做日常任務都是困難的。但通過移植手術，她重獲健康，可以像正常人一樣生活和照顧自己的兒子，她很感恩捐贈者和他的家人。

【點評】考查完形填空，本題考點涉及動詞，名詞，形容詞，副詞，固定短語等多個知識點的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，要求考生在理解細節(jié)信息的基礎上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析推理，從而選出正確答案。21．句意：不到一周后，他的愿望就實現(xiàn)了，我得到了新的肺。A.medicines"藥品"；B.gifts"禮物"；C.lungs"肺"；D.hearts"心臟"。根據(jù)下文"Afterfourmonthsonthelist,I8thecalltosayapairoflungswasavailable."可知，作者是得到了新的肺。故選C。22．句意：我生來就患有呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病，直到23歲之前，我都能控制自己的健康狀況，不用去醫(yī)院。A.condition"健康狀況"；B.weight"體重"；C.stress"壓力"；D.emotion"情緒"。根據(jù)空前"Bornwithabreathingdisease"可知，作者生來就患有呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病，因此指在不用去醫(yī)院的情況下，控制自己的健康狀況。故選A。23．句意：然而，在30歲的時候，病情逐漸惡化，我被列入了移植名單。A.therefore"因此"；B.however"然而"；C.otherwise"否則"；D.besides"此外"。根據(jù)上文"Bornwithabreathingdisease,Iwasabletomanagemy2withoutahospitalvisitunti