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2023年12月英語六級閱讀真題及答案選詞填空

Thenumberofdevicesyoucantalktoismultiplying--

firstitwasyourphone,thenyourcat,andnowyoucantell

yourkitchenapplianceswhattodo.Butevenwithoutgadgets

thatunderstandourspokencommands,researchsuggeststhat,

asbizarreisitsounds,undercertain_26_peopleregularly

ascribehumantraitstoeverydayobjects.

Sometimesweseethingsashumanbecauseweare_27_In

oneexperiment,peoplewhoreportedfeelingisolatedweremore

likelythanotherstoattribute_28—tovariousgadgets.In

turn,feelingclosetoobjectscan_29_loneliness.When

collegestudentswereremindedofatimetheyhadbeen_30_

inasocialsetting,theycompensatedbyexaggeratingtheir

numberoffriends-unlesstheywerefirstgiventasksthat

causedthemtointeractwiththeirphoneasifithadhuman

qualities.Accordingtotheresearchers,theparticipants

phones_31—substitutedforrealfriends.

Atothertimes,wepersonifyproductsinaneffortto

understandthem.Onestudyfoundthatthreeinfourrespondents

yelledattheircomputer.Further,themoretheircomputergave

themproblems,themorelikelytherespondentsweretoreport

千里之行，始于足下。

thatithaditsownbeliefsand_32—.

Sohowdopeopleassigntrailstoanobject?Inpar,werely

onlooks.Onhumanswidefacesare_33_withdominance.

Similarly,peopleratedcurs,clocks,andwatcheswithwide

facesasmoredominant-1ookingthannarrow-facedones,and

preferredthem-especiallyin_34_situations.Ananalysis

ofcarsalesinGermanyfoundthatcarswithgrilles(護柵)that

wereupturnedlikesmilessoldbest.Thepurchaserssawthis

—35—asincreasingacarsfriendliness.

A)alleviate

B)apparently

C)arrogant

D)associated

E)circumstances

F)competitive

G)conceded

H)consciousness

I)desires

J)excluded

第2頁/共18頁

K)feature

L)lonely

M)separate

N)spectacularly

0)warrant

(26)E

(27)L

(28)H

(29)A

(30)J

(31)B

(32)1

(33)D

(34)F

(35)K

2023年12月英語六級閱讀真題及答案段落匹配

千里之行，始于足下。

WhyMoreFarmersAreMakingTheSwitchtoGrass-FedMeat

andDairy

A)Thoughhedidntcomefromafarmingfamily,fromayoung

ageTimJosephwasfascinatedbytheideaoflivingofftheland.

ReadingmagazineslikeTheStockmanGrassFarmerandGraze,he

gothookedontheideaofgrass-fedagriculture.Theideathat

allenergyandwealthcomesfromthesunreallyintriguedhim.

Hethoughttheshorterthedistancebetweenthesunandtheend

product,thehighertheprofittothefarmer.

B)Josephwantedtoputthistheorytothetest.In2023,

heandhiswifeLauralaunchedMapleHillCreamery,anorganic,

allgrass-fedyogurtcompanyinnorthernNewYork.Hequickly

learnedwhatthemarkethasdemonstrated:Demandforgrass-fed

productscurrentlyexceedssupply.Grass-fedbeefisenjoying

a25-30%annualgrowthrate.Salesofgrass-fedyogurtand

kefir(發酵乳飲品)，ontheotherhand,haveinthelastyear

increasedbyover38%.Thisisincomparisonwithadropofjust

under1%inthetotalyogurtandkefirmarket,accordingto

naturalandorganicmarketresearchcompanySPINS.Josephstop

prioritybecamegettinghishandsonenoughgrass-fedmilkto

keepcustomerssatisfied,sincehisown64-cowherdwasntgoing

tosuffice.

C)HisfirstpartnershipwaswithPaulandPhyllisAmburgh,

ownersoftheDharmaLeafarminNewYork.TheAmburghs,too,

weretruebelieversingrass-fed.Inadditiontosupplyingmilk

fromtheirown85-headherd,theybegantohelpotherfarmers

intheareaconvertfromconventionaltocertifiedorganicand

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grass-fedinordertoentertheMapleHillsupplychain.Since

2023,thecouplehashelped125smalldairyfarmsconvertto

grass-fed,withmorethan80%ofthosefarmscomingonboard

duringthelasttwoyears.

D)AllthisconversionhashelpedMapleHillgrow40-50%

everyyearsinceitbegan,withnoendinsight.Josephhas

learnedthatafarmerhastohaveacertainmindsetto

successfullyconvert.Butconvincingopen-mindeddairypeople

isactuallynotthathard,whenyoulookattheeconomics.Grass

fedmilkcanfetchupto2.5timesthepriceofconventional

miIk.Anotherfactoristhesqueezethatconventionaldairy

farmershavefeltasthepriceofgraintheyfeedtheircows

hasgoneup,tighteningtheirprofitmargins.Byreplacing

expensivegrainfeedwithregenerativemanagementpractices,

grass-fedfarmersareinsulatedfromjumpsinthepriceoffeed.

Thesepracticesincludegrazinganimalsongrassesgrownfrom

thepasturelandsnaturalseedbank,andfertilizedbythecows

ownfertilizer.

E)Championsofthistypeofregenerativegrazingalso

pointtoitsanimalwelfare,climateandhealthbenefits:

Grass-fedanimalslivelongeroutofconfinement.Grazingherds

stimulatemicrobial(微生物的)activityinthesoil,helpingto

capturewaterandseparatecarbon.Andgrass-feddairyandmeat

havebeenshowntobehigherincertainnutrientsandhealthy

fats.

F)Inthegrass-fedsystem,farmersarealsonotsubject

tothewildlyfluctuatingmilkpricesoftheinternational

commoditymarket.Theunpredictabilityofglobaldemandandthe

千里之行，始于足下。

lag-timeittakestoaddmorecowstoaherdtomeetdemandcan

resultineventsliketherecentcheesesurplus.Goinggras-fed

isasaferefuge,awayforfamily-scalefarmstostayviable.

Usuallyafarmerwillgettothepointwherefinancially,what

theyredoingisnotworking.ThatswhentheycallMapleHill.

Ifthefarmiswellmanagedandhasenoughland,andthedesire

toconvertissincere,arelationshipcanbegin.Through

regularregionaleducationalmeetings,alargeannualmeeting,

individualfarmvisitsandthousandsofphonecalls,the

Amburghspassontheprinciplesofpasturemanagement.Maple

Hillsignsacontractpledgingtobuythefarmersmilkata

guaranteedbaseprice,plusqualitypremiumsandincentivesfor

higherprotein,butter-fatandothersolids.

G)WhileMapleHillsconversionprogramisunusually

hands-onandcomprehensive,itsjustoneofagrowingnumber

ofbusinessescommittedtoslowlychangingthewayAmerica

farms.Josephcallssharinghisknowledgenetworkthrough

peer-to-peerlearningacorepieceofthecompanysculture.

Lastsummer,Massachusettsgrass-fedbeefadvocateJohnSmith

launchedBigPictureBeef,anetworkofsmallgrass-fedbeef

farmsinNewEnglandandNewYorkthatisprojectedtobring

tomarket2,500headofcattlefrom125producersthisyear.

EarlyindicationsarethatSmithwillhavenoshortageoffarm

members.Sincehebegantoinformallyannouncethenetworkat

farmingconferencesandonsocialmedia,hesreceivedasteady

streamofinquiriesfrominterestedfarmers.

H)Smithsayshellprovideservicesrangingfromformal

seminarstoon-farmworkshopsonholistic(整體的)management,

toone-on-onehand-holdingandanalmost24/7phonehotlinefor

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farmerswhoareconverting.Inexchange,heguaranteesan

above-marketpriceforeachanimalandacalf-to-customer

electroniceartagIDsystemlikethatusedintheEuropean

Union.

I)Thoughadvocatesportraygrassfedproductsasawin-win

situationforall,theydohavedownsides.Price,forone,is

anissue.Josephsayshisproductsarepriced10-20%above

organicversions,butdependingontheproductchosen,compared

tonon-organicconventionalyogurt,consumerscouldpaya

premiumof30-50%ormoreforgrass-fed.Asforthemeat,Smith

sayshisgrass-fedhamburgerwillbepriced20-25%overthe

conventionalalternative.Butalookatthepricesononline

grocerFreshDirectsuggestsagrass-fedpremiumofanywhere

from35-60%.

J)Andnoteveryfarmerhastheoptionofgoinggrass-fed.

Forbothbeefanddairyproduction,itrequires,atleastin

thebeginning,morepastureland.Grass-fedbeefproduction

tendstobemorelabor-intensiveaswell.ButSmithcounters

thatifyoufactorinthehiddencostofgovernmentcorm

subsidies,environmentdegradation,anddecreasedhumanhealth

andanimalwelfare,grass-fedisthemorecost-effectivemodel.

Thesunprovidesthelowestcostofproductionandthecheapest

meat,hesays.

K)Anothergrass-fedboosterspurringfarmerstoconvert

isEPIC,whichmakesmeat-basedproteinbars.FoundersTaylor

Collinsandhiswife,KatieForrest,usedtobeendurance

athletes;nowtheyreadvocatesofgrass-fedmeat.Soonafter

launchingEPICsmostsuccessfulproduct-theBisonBacon

千里之行，始于足下。

CranberryBar-CollinsandForrestfoundtheydexhaustedtheir

sourcesforbisonG匕美野牛)raisedexclusivelyonpasture.

Whentheystartedresearchingthesupplychain,theylearned

thatonly2-3%ofallbisonisactuallygrass-fed.Therestis

feed-lotconfinedandfedgrainandcorm.

L)ButafterGeneralMillsboughtEPICin2023,Collinsand

Forrestsuddenlyhadtheresourcestheyneededtoexpandtheir

supplychain.SothecompanyteamedupwithWisconsin-based

rancherNorthstarBison.EPICfrontedthemoneyforthe

purchaseof$2.5millionworthofyoungbisonthatwillbe

raisedaccordingtoitsgrass-fedprotocols,withaguaranteed

purchaseprice.Themessagetoyoungpeoplewhomightnot

otherwisebeabletoaffordtobreakintothebusinessis,You

carPurchasethisS3millionpieceoflandhere,becauseIm

guaranteeingyoutodayyou11have1,000bisononit.Were

bringingnewbloodintotheold,conventionalfarmingecosystem,

whichisreallycooltosee,Collinsexplains.

36.Farmersgoinggrass-fedarenotaffectedbythe

ever-changingmilkpricesoftheglobalmarket.

37.Overtheyears,TimJosephspartnershavehelpedmany

dairyfarmerstoswitchtograss-fed.

38.Oneadvocatebelievesthatmanyotherbenefitsshould

betakenintoconsiderationwhenweassessthe

cost-effectivenessofgrass-fedfarming.

39.Manydairyfarmerswerepersuadedtoswitchto

grass-fedwhentheysawitsadvantageintermsofprofits.

第8頁/共18頁

40.TimJosephsgrass-fedprogramisonlyoneexampleof

howAmericanfarmingpracticeischanging.

41.TimJosephwasfascinatedbythenotionthatsunlight

bringsenergyandwealthtomankind.

42.Oneproblemwithgrass-fedproductsisthattheyare

usuallymoreexpensivethanconventionalones.

43.Grass-fedproductshaveprovedtobehealthierandmore

nutritious.

44.WhenTimJosephstartedhisbusiness,hefound

grass-fedproductsfellshortofdemand.

45.Asnackbarproducerdiscoveredthatthesupplyof

purelygrass-fedbisonmeatwasscarce.

36.F

37.C

38.J

39.D

40.G

41.A

千里之行，始于足下。

42.I

43.E

44.B

45.K

2023年12月英語六級閱讀真題及答案認真閱讀

PassageOne

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Thedangerousthingaboutlyingispeopledontunderstand

howtheactchangesus,saysDanAriely,behavioral

psychologistatDukeUniversity.Psychologistshavedocumented

childrenlyingasearlyastheageoftwo.Someexpertseven

considerlyingadevelopmentalmilestone,likecrawlingand

walking,becauseitrequiressophisticatedplanning,attention

andtheabilitytoseeasituationfromsomeoneelses

perspectivetomanipulatethem.But,formostpeople,lying

getslimitedaswedevelopasenseofmoralityandtheability

toself-regulate.

HarvardcognitiveneuroscientistJoshuaGreenesays,for

mostofus,lyingtakeswork.Instudies,hegavesubjectsa

chancetodeceiveformonetarygainwhileexaminingtheir

brainsinafunctionalMRImachine,whichmapsbloodflowto

activepartsofthebrain.Somepeopletoldthetruthinstantly

andinstinctively.Butothersoptedtolie,andtheyshowed

第10頁/共18頁

increasedactivityintheirfrontalparietal（顱腔壁的）

controlnetwork,whichisinvolvedindifficultorcomplex

thinking.Thissuggeststhattheyweredecidingbetweentruth

anddishonestyandultimatelyoptingforthelatter.Fora

follow-upanalysis,hefoundthatpeoplewhoseneural（神經

的）rewardcentresweremoreactivewhentheywonmoneywerealso

morelikelytobeamongthegroupofliars-suggestingthat

lyingmayhavetodowiththeinabilitytoresisttemptation.

Extremalconditionsalsomatterintermsofwhenandhow

oftenwelie.Wearemorelikelytolie,researchshows,when

weareabletorationaliseit,whenwearestressedandfatigued

orsecothersbeingdishonest.Andwearelesslikelytolie

whenwehavemoralremindersorwhenwethinkothersare

watching.Weasasocietyneedtounderstandthat,whenwedont

punishlying,weincreasetheprobabilityitwillhappenagain,

Arielysays.

Ina2023studypublishedinthejournalNature

Neuroscience,Arielyandcolleaguesshowedhowdishonesty

alterspeoplesbrains,makingiteasiertotellliesinthe

future.Whenpeopleutteredafalsehood,thescientistsnoticed

aburstofactivityintheiramygdala.Theamygdalaisacrucial

partofthebrainthatproducesfear,anxietyandemotional

responsesincludingthatsinking,guiltyfeelingyougetwhen

youlie.Butwhenscientistshadtheirsubjectsplayagame-

inwhichtheywonmoneybydeceivingtheirpartner,theynoticed

thenegativesignalsfromtheamygdalabegantodecrease.Not

onlythat,butwhenpeoplefacednoconsequencesfordishonesty,

theirfalsehoodstendedtogetevenmoresensational.This

meansthatifyougivepeoplemultipleopportunitiestoliefor

千里之行，始于足下。

theirownbenefit,theystartwithlittlelieswhichgetbigger

overtime.

46.Whydosomeexpertsconsiderlyingamilestoneina

childsdevelopment?

A)Itshowstheyhavetheabilitytoviewcomplexsituations

fromdifferentangles.

B)Itindicatestheyhaveanabilitymoreremarkablethan

crawlingandwalking.

C)Itrepresentstheirabilitytoactivelyinteractwith

peoplearoundthem.

D)Itinvolvesthecoordinationofboththeirmentaland

physicalabilities.

47.WhydoestheHarvardneuroscientistsaythatlying

takeswork?

A)Itishardtochoosefromseveraloptions.

B)Itisdifficulttosoundnaturalorplausible.

C)Itrequiresspeedybloodflowintoonesbrain.

D)Itinvolveslotsofsophisticatedmentalactivity.

48.Underwhatcircumstancesdopeopletendtolie?

第12頁/共18頁

A)Whentheybecometooemotional.

B)Whentheyfacetoomuchpeerpressure.

C)Whenthetemptationistoostrong.

D)Whentheconsequencesarenotimminent.

49.Whenarepeoplelesslikelytolie?

A)Whentheyarewormoutandstressed.

B)Whentheyareunderwatchfuleyes.

C)Whentheythinkinarationalway.

D)Whentheyhaveaclearconscience.

50.Whatdoestheauthorsaywillhappenwhenaliardoes

notgetpunished?

A)Theymayfeeljustified.

B)Theywilltellbiggerlies.

C)Theywillbecomecomplacent.

D)Theymaymixliesandtruths.

PassageTwo

千里之行，始于足下。

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

HereshowthePacificNorthwestispreparingforTheBig

One.Itsthemotherofalldisasterdrillsforwhatcouldbe

theworstdisasterinAmericanhistory.Californiahasspent

yearspreparingforTheBigOne-theinevitableearthquake

thatwillundoubtedlyunleashallkindsofhavocalongthe

famousSanAndreasfault（斷層）.Butwhatifthefaultthatruns

alongthePacificNorthwestdeliversagiganticearthquakeof

itsown?IfthepeopleoftheCascadiaregionhaveanythingto

dowithit,theywontbecaughtunawares.

Theregionisengagedinamulti-day

earthquake-and-tsunami（海嘯）drillinvolvingaround20,000

people.TheCascadiaRisingdrillgivesarearesidentsand

emergencyrespondersachancetopracticewhattodoincase

ofa9.0-magnitudeearthquakeandtsunamialongoneofthe

nationsdangerous-andunderestimated-faults.

TheCascadiaEarthquakeZoneisbigenoughtocompetewith

SanAndreas（itsbeencalledthemostdangerousfaultin

America）,butitsmuchlesserknownthanitsCaliforniacousin.

Nearly700mileslong,theearthquakezoneislocatedbythe

NorthAmericanPlateoffthecoastofPacificBritishColumbia,

Washington,OregonandNorthernCalifornia.

Cascadiaiswhatsknownasamegathrustfault.Megathrusts

arecreatedinearthquakezones-landplateboundarieswheretwo

platesconverge.Intheareaswhereoneplateisbeneathanother,

stressbuildsupovertime.Duringamegathrustevent,allof

thatstressreleasesandsomeoftheworldsmostpowerful

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earthquakesoccur.Rememberthe9.1earthquakeandtsunamiin

theIndianOceanoffSumatrain2023?Itwascausedbya

megathrusteventastheIndiaplatemovedbeneaththeBurma

micro-plate.

Thelasttimeamajorearthquakeoccurredalongthe

Cascadiafaultwasin1700,soofficialsworrythatanother

eventcouldoccuranytime.Topreventthateventfrombecoming

acatastrophe,firstresponderswilljoinmembersofthepublic

inrehearsalsthatinvolvecommunication,evacuation,search

andrescue,andotherscenarios.

Thousandsofcasualtiesareexpectedifa9.0earthquake

weretooccur.First,theearthquakewouldshakemetropolitan

areasincludingSeattleandPortland.Thiscouldtriggera

tsunamithatwouldcreatehavocalongthecoast.Notall

casualtiescannecessarilybeprevented--butby