專題十二揣測詞義Passage1TheicybeautyoftheArcticattractsthousandsofvisitorseveryyeartoseeitswonderfulwildlife,landscapeandlocalcultures.VisitorscantakeshipsonavoyagealongtheArcticOceanortakeflightstocitiesalongtheArcticedge.Nomatterhowonegetsthere,theyshouldwearwarmclothesandgetreadytotakeintheattractions.“TravelingtotheArcticleavesanunforgettableimpressiononthevisitor.Itsvastexpanseandthefragilityofitsenvironmentaretwothingsthatreallyblowawaypeople,”saidCherylRosa,thedirectoroftheUSArcticResearchCommission.

VisitorstotheArcticCirclewillhavealotofactivitiestochoosefromiftheywanttoseeallthattheregionhastooffer.Hikingwithsnowshoes,dogsleddingandkayakingarecommonactivities.Visitorswithsharpeyesarelikelytospotpolarbears.Togetevenclosertotheanimalsofthesea,visitorscangosnorkelingwithseals.Ofcourse,ArcticadventuresarentcompletewithoutviewingthewondersoftheArcticCircleslargeglaciersandicebergsaswell.OneofthemostimpressiveattractionsandmaybethemostdifficulttoseeistheNorthernLights,oneofthesevennaturalwondersoftheworld.Theyarenaturallightsthatglowgreenandlightupthehorizon.Sometimestheyappearaswavesthatdanceacrosstheskyindifferentcolors.ThebestplacestoviewtheNorthernLightsareinNorthernNorway,SwedensAbiskoNationalPark,Iceland,AmericasAlaskaorCanadasYukon,accordingtospace.CharlesDeehr,anexpertattheUniversityofAlaskaFairbanksGeophysicalInstitute,recommendedplanningatripbetweenwinterandspring,especiallywhenthereisanewmoon.EventhoughtheArcticisapopulartouristdestination,dontforgetthatpeopleliveheretoo.“ItisrecommendedthatvisitorsgowithtourgroupsthatarerespectfulofArcticresidents(居民)andtheirculture,”saidRosa.“Toomanypeoplecandisturbthesmallvillages.Findingtourgroupsthatworkwithlocalcommunitiesisimportant.”1.Theunderlinedpart“blowaway”inParagraph2probablymeans“”.

A.defeatB.affectC.moveD.impress2.WhatcanweknowabouttheNorthernLights?A.Theyonlyproducegreenlightatnight.B.Theyarenaturallightsandhardtosee.C.Theyseldomoccurbetweenwinterandspring.D.Thebesttimetoviewthemiswhenthereisafullmoon.3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.TourgroupsarenotwelcomeamongArcticresidents.B.TheArcticspopulationhasbeenrisinginrecentyears.C.Visitorsshouldchoosesuitabletourgroupswhenvisiting.D.Tourgroupsshouldgetpermissionfromlocalcommunities.4.Whatisthepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassage?A.Toinformvisitorsoflocalculture.B.Torecommendsomeactivitiestovisitors.C.Tointroduceapopulartouristdestination.D.ToshareatravelexperienceintheArctic.答案[語篇解讀]本文為說明文。主題語境為人與社會,主題語境內容為旅游線路介紹。本文介紹了北極的旅游景點、活動項目、交通路途及留意事項。1.D揣測詞義題。本題題干意為:第2段中畫線部分“blowaway”的意思可能是。依據畫線部分前面的句子“TravelingtotheArcticleavesanunforgettableimpressiononthevisitor.”(北極之旅會給游客留下難忘的印象)可推知畫線部分的意思是:給(某人)留下深刻印象,故答案為D項。defeat戰勝;affect影響;move使感動。

2.B細微環節理解題。本題題干意為:對于北極光我們知道什么?依據第4段中的“...andmaybethemostdifficulttoseeistheNorthernLights,oneofthesevennaturalwondersoftheworld.Theyarenaturallightsthat...”可知答案為B項。3.C推理推斷題。本題題干意為:從最終一段我們可以推斷出什么?依據最終一段中“ItisrecommendedthatvisitorsgowithtourgroupsthatarerespectfulofArcticresidentsandtheirculture”及“Findingtourgroupsthatworkwithlocalcommunitiesisimportant.”可知答案為C項(游客旅游時應當選擇合適的旅行團)。4.C推理推斷題。本題題干意為:作者寫此篇文章的目的是什么?本文介紹了北極的旅游景點、活動項目、交通路途及留意事項等,其目的是介紹一個受歡迎的旅游目的地。故答案為C項。Passage2Rangeanxiety(里程焦慮),thefearofrunningoutofpowerbeforebeingabletorechargeanelectricvehicle,maybeathingofthepast,accordingtoateamofPennStateengineerswhoarelookingatlithiumironphosphatebatteries(磷酸鐵鋰電池)thathavearangeof250mileswiththeabilitytochargein10minutes.“Wedevelopedaprettycleverbatteryformass-marketelectricvehicles,”saidChao-YangWang,aprofessoranddirectoroftheElectrochemicalEngineCenteratPennState.“Thereisnomorerangeanxietyandthisbatteryisaffordable.”Theresearchersalsosaythatthebatteryshouldbegoodfor2millionmilesinitslifetime.TheyreporttodayinNatureEnergythatthekeytolong-lifeandrapidrechargingisthebatterysabilitytoquicklyheatupto140degreesFahrenheit,forchargeanddischarge,andthencooldownwhenthebatteryisnotworking.Thebatteryusesaself-heatingapproachpreviouslydevelopedinWangscenter.Theself-heatingbatteryusesathinsheetofnickelfoil(鎳箔)withoneendattachedtothenegativeterminalandtheotherextendingoutsidethecelltocreateathirdterminal.Onceelectronsflow,itrapidlyheatsupthenickelfoilthroughresistanceheatingandwarmstheinsideofthebattery.Oncethebatterysinternaltemperatureis140degreesF,theswitchopensandthebatteryisreadyforrapidchargeordischarge.“Thisbatteryhasslenderizedweight,volumeandcost,”saidWang.“Iamveryhappythatwefinallyfoundabatterythatwillbenefitthemainstreamconsumermassmarket.”AccordingtoWang,thesesmallerbatteriescanproducealargeamountofpoweruponheating.Anelectricvehiclewiththisbatterycouldgofromzeroto60milesperhourin3secondsandwoulddrivelikeaPorsche,hesaid.“Thisishowwearegoingtochangetheenvironmentandnotcontributetojusttheluxurycars,”saidWang.“Leteveryoneaffordelectricvehicles.”1.Whichcanbestdescribethebatteryinthetext?A.Cheapandheavy.B.Costlybutbeneficial.C.Expensivebutsmall-sized.D.Affordableandefficient.2.Whycanthebatterybeusedforlongandchargedsofast?A.Itisenvironmentallyfriendly.B.Itheatsupandcoolsdownrapidly.C.Ithelpsspeedupthecarinstantly.D.Itchargeswhenitdoesntwork.3.WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.Howthebatteryworks.B.Advantagesofthebattery.C.Howthebatteryisproduced.D.Applicationsofthebattery.4.Theunderlinedword“slenderized”inParagraph5canprobablybereplacedby.

A.promotedB.gatheredCbinedD.reduced答案[語篇解讀]本文為新聞報道。主題語境為人與社會,主題語境內容為科技進步。賓夕法尼亞州立高校電化學發動機中心開發了一款新型電池,解決了電力汽車司機開車時的里程焦慮問題。1.D細微環節理解題。本題題干意為:哪一項能最好地描述本文中的這款電池?依據第2段中“Thereisnomorerangeanxietyandthisbatteryisaffordable.”(不再有里程焦慮,而且這種電池價格合理)可知答案為D項。依據最終一段中“Thisbatteryhasslenderizedweight,volumeandcost”可解除其他選項。2.B細微環節理解題。本題題干意為:為什么這款電池運用時間長且充電速度很快?依據第3段內容(他們在今日的《自然·能源》雜志上報道,長壽命和快速充電的關鍵是電池在充放電時能快速加熱到華氏140度,然后在電池不工作時冷卻)可知答案為B項。3.A主旨要義題。本題題干意為:第4段主要講的是什么?第4段介紹了這款新型電池的工作原理,由此可知答案為A項。4.D揣測詞義題。本題題干意為:第5段中的畫線詞“slenderized”可能被代替。依據上下文邏輯及構詞法(slenderize是由形容詞slender“苗條的,細的”加上動詞后綴“ize”構成)可知畫線詞可由reduce(縮小,減輕)替代,故答案為D項。

Passage3AsPhDresearchgoes,BrianWisendenwasenviable,watchingbabyfishswimmingswiftlythroughtheclearwatersintheCostaRicantropicaldryforest.Byrecordingtheirgrowthandnumbers,hehopedtolookattheirrisksofbeingeaten.Instead,hewitnessedsomethingodd.Manygroupswereincreasinginnumbers.Inthesegroups,someweresmallerthanothers,suggestingtheywerentsiblings(兄弟姐妹).Wisendenhadaccidentallydiscoveredthatthefish,calledconvictcichlids,adopteachothersbabies.Whywouldtheydothat,hewondered?Inthehumanworld,wethinkofadoptionasaselflessact.Butinnature,itspresenceispuzzling.Takingontheburdenofbringingupbabieswithnogeneticlinkwouldseemtoreduceananimalschancesofsurvivaloratleastprovidenogain.Yet,adoptionissurprisinglycommonintheworld.Taketheeasterngreykangaroo.Between2008and2013,Wisendenfollowedthefatesof326babykangaroosintheNationalParkinVictoriaandrecorded11casesofpouch(育兒袋)swapping.Thecircumstancesbehindsomeoftheseadoptionsarentknown,butfourwerestraightswapsandanotherfouroccurredafteramotherhadlostherownbaby.Howcome?Beforeindependence,babykangaroosgothroughaperiodinsideandoutsidetheirmotherspouch.Followingout-of-pouchattacks,mothersnormallysnifftheiryoungbeforeallowingthembackin,butWisendensteamsuspectthatduringanemergencytheymayskipthesnifftest,allowingavulnerablebabytoquicklyclimbinbeforefleeingfromdanger.Onceinsidethewrongpouch,theyoungmayfakethemothersodor,makingthemsmellconfusinglylikeherownchildren.So,poorbabyrecognitionistheprimecauseof“accidental”adoption.Someofnaturesadoptionsare,actually,drivenbyyounglookingforbetterprospects.Inburrowerbugs,forexample,femaleslayanestofeggsclosetothoseofunrelatedbugs.Motherbugslookaftertheirdevelopingeggsbeforetheyhatch,thenfeedtheirbabiesnutsfromweedymintplants.Findingnutsisacompetitivebusiness,sonoteverymotherbuggetsherfairshare.Andifthedeliveryrateisntuptoscratch,cleveryoungmayabandontheirmotherstojoinabetter-fedgroup.Thatssimilartobehaviorinseveralvarietiesofgullswhosebabies,ifpoorlyfed,mayleavehomeinsearchofbetterparents.Theconsequencesofadoptionfollowingmistakenidentitycanbedire(糟糕的).Thetruebabiesofadoptingmotherswereabandoned.Butitcanhaveremarkablebenefits,notjustforadopteesbutalsoforadoptiveparents.1.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatWisendensfindingsare.

A.toostrangetobewitnessedB.enviedbyhispeerco-researchersC.outofhisownexpectationsD.asoundproofofhisresearchobject2.WhichisNOTthereasonforadoptionintheanimalkingdom?A.Parentsinabilitytoprovideenoughfood.B.Babyanimalslookingforbetterparenting.C.Parentsfailuretorecognizetheirownbabies.D.Selflessadoptioncommonlyseenintheanimalworld.3.Theunderlinedword“vulnerable”inthefourthparagraphmeans.

A.independentandwell-fedB.fragileandpoorlyraisedC.naughtyandeasilyhurtD.weakandeasilyattacked4.Whatwilltheauthormostprobablytalkaboutnext?A.Thebenefitsforadopters.B.Theconsequencesofadoption.C.Thebenefitsforbabyanimals.D.Theconsequencesofwrongidentity.答案[語篇解讀]本文為說明文。主題語境為人與自然,主題語境內容為自然科學探討結果。本文介紹了一些動物的一種驚奇的行為,即撫養與自己沒有基因聯系的幼崽。1.C推理推斷題。本題題干意為:從文章中我們可以推斷出Wisenden的發覺是。依據第1段第2、3句(通過記錄它們的生長和數量,他希望能探討它們被吃掉的風險。相反,他看到了一些驚奇的事情)可知:Wisenden的發覺是出乎意外的,故答案為C項。

2.D細微環節理解題。本題題干意為:在動物王國里,哪一項不是收養的理由?依據第2段第1句(在人類世界,我們認為收養是一種無私的行為)可知:在人類世界收養是一種無私的行為,而不是在動物王國,故答案為D項。依據第5段倒數第1、2、3句(找尋堅果是一件競爭激烈的工作,所以并不是每個土蝽媽媽都能得到公允的份額。假如誕生率不合乎標準,聰慧的孩子可能會拋棄自己的母親,加入一個更好的群體。那與幾種海鷗的行為相像,它們的孩子假如被喂養不好,可能會離家去找尋更好的父母)可解除A、B項;依據第4段最終一句(因此,識別幼崽實力差是“意外”收養的主要緣由)可解除C項。3.D揣測詞義題。本題題干意為:第4段中畫線詞“vulnerable”的意思是。依據畫線詞所在句子中的“toquicklyclimbinbeforefleeingfromdanger”(逃離危急前快速爬進去)可推知畫線詞的意思是“弱小且簡單被攻擊的”,故答案為D項。

4.A推理推斷題。本題題干意為:作者接下來極有可能談什么?依據最終一段最終一句(但它可以有顯著的好處,不僅對被收養者,而且對收養孩子的父母)可知作者在接下來可能會談論對收養者的好處,故答案為A項。Passage4WhenIwasseven,myfamilyandIwerecomingbackfromaT-ballgame.Inourdriveway,wespottedtwoadultgeeseandasmallgosling.Theadultswerefrightenedbyourreturnandflewaway,buttheirbabywasstilltooyoungtoflyandcouldntfollow.Hourspassed,andnightfell.Thetinylittlethingwaswanderingaroundouryard,unawareofwhatcouldhappen,anditwasclearthatthegoslingneededprotection,warmthandfoodtomakeittothemorning.Atthatpoint,wehadtobringhimintoourbackyard.Weallprettymuchsleptwithoneeyeopenforseveraldays.Eachmorning,wewouldtrytorushthegooseovertohisparents,whokeptcomingbacktoouryard.Hewouldntgotothem,though,andtheywouldntcomecloseenoughtoclaimhim.Theyounggoosehadclearlydecidedwewerehisnewfamily,andmytwinsisterJoannacalledthelittleguyPeeper.Almostayearpassedandwesettledintoaroutinefilledwithfeatheryhugsandcompany.Oneevening,myunclecameover,andmydadthrewPeeperupintotheairtoshowhecouldflyaroundthehouse,butthistime,Peeperjustflewoff.Everyonewasverysad.Twentyyearspassed,andPeeperbecameafondmemoryformyfamily.In2024,anagingadultgoosemadehiswaybacktomyhome.Atfirst,IassumeditwasjustanotherCanadagoose.Aftertwoweeksofthegoosecomingbackrepeatedly,itbecamecleartomethatthiswasntarandomgoose.HedidallofthethingsPeeperusedtodo,liketryingtocomeinthroughthefrontdoorandsleepinginourenclosedpoolarea.Besides,thisgooserespondedtothenamePeeper.Muchtomyamazement,myoldbestfriendhadreturned,20yearslater.1.Whydidtheauthorbringthelittlegoosehomethatnight?A.Itcouldntfinditsparents.B.Itwastoofragiletosurvive.C.Itwantedtostayintheyard.D.Itenjoyedtheauthorscompany.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“claim”inParagraph3mean?A.Get.B.Forgive.C.Challenge.D.Annoy.3.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?A.ShenamedthegoosePeeper.B.ShesetPeeperfreeonpurpose.C.ShehaddeepfeelingsforPeeper.D.Shetrainedthegoosetoflydaily.4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Afeatheredfamilymember.B.Thereturnofalonglostfriend.C.Thereunionofagoosefamily.D.Anadventurousjourneyhome.答案[語篇解讀]本文為記敘文。主題語境為人與自然,主題語境內容為人與動物。作者7歲時,一只小鵝被帶回了她的家,成了作者一家人的摯友。當小鵝長大后,它飛走了,可20年后那只鵝又回到了作者的家。1.B細微環節理解題。本題題干意為:那天夜里,作者為什么把那只小鵝帶回家?依據第2段第2句中的(很明顯,這只小鵝須要愛護、溫溫煦食物才能活到早晨)可知答案為B項。2.A揣測詞義題。本題題干意為:第3段中的畫線詞“claim”是什么意思?依據畫線詞所在句(它不去找它們,它的父母也不愿走近它)可推知畫線詞的意思是“認領”,故答案為A項。3.C推理推斷題。本題題干意為:關于作者,我們可以從文中推斷出什么?依據第4段中的內容(但這次,佩珀飛走了。每個人都很難過。二十年過去了,佩珀成了我們家的美妙回憶)可推知:作者對那只名為佩珀的小鵝感情很深,故答案為C項。4.B主旨要義題。本題題干意為:本文主要講的是什么?本文講解并描述的是作者7歲時,一只小鵝被帶回家,成了作者一家人的摯友。當小鵝長大后,它飛走了,可20年后那只鵝又回到了作者的家。由此可知本文主要講的是“久違摯友的歸來”,故答案為B項。Passage5Thankfully,Ifoundthecouragetopersevereinthefaceofadversityandsucceeded.Otherwise,Icouldbeavictimandfeelsorryformyselffortherestofmylife.AdoctortoldmeatayoungagethatIwouldlikelynevergraduatefromhighschoolduetomyseverehearinglossandmyextremelyslowspeechdevelopment.Ifoundthecouragetoworkhardinschoolandbeactiveinsportsandotheractivitiesdespitewearinghearingaidsandlivingwitha70%hearingloss.BythetimeIwascollege-age,Istartedlosingmynightvision.Idecidedtogoawaytocollege300milesfromhome.Iobtainedmybachelorsdegreeandgraduatedwithhonors.EventhoughIhadterriblehearinglossandwasbeginningtolosemysightatnight,Ifoundthecouragetobeginaprofessionalcareer.AfterearningmyMBAdegree,IacceptedapositionwithKelloggintheCorporateAffairsDepartment.WhenIwasworkingonmyMBAdegree,Ifoundthecouragetoasksomeonesuccessfuldespitefacingsimilarchallengestomentor(指導)me.HeencouragedmetoconsiderKelloggasheknewthecompanywascommittedtodiversityandinclusion(包涵).Inervouslystartedmynewcareer,becausemyvisionlosshadprogressedsignificantlyinthepastfewyears.IamthankfultohaveamentorthatencouragedmeandIamthankfulIfoundthecouragetoapplyforapositionwithKellogg.WhileKelloggfostersasupportive,encouragingenvironment,itstilltakescourageformetorequirewhatIneedtomakesureIamsuccessfulinmycareer.Ineedcouragetospeakupandaskforsuitableaccommodationstodomyjob.Ialsohavetoaskforassistancenavigatingthroughunfamiliarareas.IhavefoundthateveryoneatKelloggisalwaysmorethanwillingtotakemyrequestsintoaccount.EventhoughIfacedailychallenges,Ihavesomuchtobegratefulfor.Weoftenfacedifficultieswecannotcontrol,butwecanbecourageousinordertofaceadversityandaddresschallenges.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“adversity”inParagraph1probablymean?A.Advertisement.B.Reality.C.Difficulty.D.Reward.2.Whentheauthorwasinhighschool,she.

A.wasverytalkativeinclassB.wasengagedinsportsactivelyC.sufferedaseveremedicalerrorD.droppedoutonceforherhearingloss3.WhatmotivatedtheauthortoapplyforajobinKellogg?A.Amentorsencouragement.B.Heraggressivepersonality.C.Herinterestinachallengingjob.D.Thecompanyssupportforthedisabled.4.WecaninferfromParagraph4that.

A.shepickedupmanyskillsforthisjobB.shehasmetwithalotofmisunderstandingsC.shehastogainlotsofsupportforhercareerD.sheachievedgreatsuccessinhercareer答案[語篇解讀]本文為記敘文。主題語境為人與自我,主題語境內容為人生看法。作者講解并描述了通過自己在逆境中堅持不懈的努力獲得勝利的經驗。1.C揣測詞義題。本題題干意為:第1段中畫線詞“adversity”可能是什么意思?依據下文(否則,我會成為一個犧牲品,自己的整個余生都會感到缺憾)可推斷畫線詞所在句子的意思是:我找到了面對逆境堅持下去的志氣,并勝利了。由此可知畫線詞的意思是“逆境”,與“difficulty”意思相近,故答案為C項。2.B細微環節理解題。本題題干意為:在作者上中學時,她。依據題干中的“highschool”可知第2段為本題的答案區間,依據第2段第2句“Ifoundthecouragetoworkhardinschoolandbeactiveinsportsandotheractivitiesdespitewearinghearingaidsandlivingwitha70%hearingloss.”可知答案為B項。

3.A細微環節理解題。本題題干意為:是什么激勵作者申請凱洛格的工作?依據第3段中的“HeencouragedmetoconsiderKelloggasheknewthecompanywascommittedtodiversityandinclusion.”可知答案為A項。

4.C推理推斷題。本題題干意為:從第4段我們能推斷出。依據第4段尤其是第1句(雖然凱洛格公司營造了一個能夠供應幫助的、令人鼓舞的環境,但我仍舊須要志氣要求我所須要的,以確保我在工作中獲得勝利)可知作者為了自己的工作,須要獲得很多支持。故答案為C項。

Passage6DuringthisyearsSpringFestival,MaRuimadeameme(表情包)byformingacollage(拼貼畫)ofherportraitandimagesoffirecrackersandgoldencoins.Masentittorelativesandfriendsonsocialmediaashernewyearsgreeting.“Traditionaltextgreetingsaretedious.Amemestickerofmyselfismorecreativeandpersonal,”saidMa,a38-year-oldwomanworkinginYinchuan.Asaregularmememaker,Maalsomadehercatanddogthemaincharactersofhercreations.Withherever-increasingmemecollection,shecandealwithmostonlinecommunicationsbysendingmemeswithoutsendingatextmessage.OnChinasmostpopularsocialnetworkingappsWeChatandQQ,manyusershavedevelopedthehabitofcollectingmemesintheiraccounts,includingthosefeaturingcelebrities,animals,andcartooncharacters.MahasbeenusingemojisandmemesonWeChatforabout10years,buttheywerelimitedinthepast.Inrecentyears,meme-makinghasbecomeanewtrend,withtheemergenceofmoredesignersandappsformakingmemes.Withfreeapps,peoplecancreatetheirownmemesandsharethemonline.Asanindustry,meme-makingcanalsobringdecentincomesformemedesigners,injectingvitalityintorelatedproductsandindustries.“Agoodmemecanaccuratelyexpresswhatonemeansandreducemisunderstandingandembarrassment.Thisiswhypeopleneedit,”saidLuoYalong,a30-year-oldmemedesigner.Luocreatedacartooncharacternamed“LittleChubbyInu”.Withthisimage,hedesignednearlyonethousandmemeswithdifferentexpressions,whichhavebeenusedbillionsoftimesonWeChatsinceitwasfirstintroducedin2017.TheimageofLittleChubbyInuhasalsobeenprintedonT-shirts,mugs,andcosmeticsandpackagesofpopulardrinkbrands.Thisyear,LuoopenedanonlinestoreforLittleChubbyInu-themedproducts.Bydrawinginspirationfrompopularwebsitesyoungpeopleliketovisit,Luohasbecomeaprolificmeme-maker,creatinganewseriesofmemeseverytwoorthreemonths.“Attractivememesareemergingeveryday,whileuserstastesareever-changing.Forusdesigners,itcausesgreatpressurebutalsopresentsimmenseopportunities,”Luosaid.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tedious”inParagraph2mean?A.Narrow.B.Dull.C.Ancient.Dmon.2.WhatdoLuoswordsinthelastparagraphsuggest?A.Designersshouldcaterforusersappetite.B.Memescausegreatpressurefordesigners.C.Newinterestingmemesarearisingeveryday.D.Moreandmorememesbringusopportunities.3.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Thestoriesaboutsomefamousmeme-makers.B.MemesgoingviralonChinesesocialnetworkingapps.C.Thedifferencebetweenoldandnewgreetings.D.Memescreatingcartooncharacters.答案[語篇解讀]本文為新聞報道。主題語境為人與社會,主題語境內容為信息技術創新。本文介紹了在社交網絡應用程序上出現的表情包。1.B揣測詞義題。本題題干意為:第2段中畫線詞“tedious”是什么意思?畫線詞所在句子(傳統的短信問候……)是與下句(我自己的表情包更有創意,也更特性化)進行比較的,依據其中的“morecreativeandpersonal”可知畫線詞“tedious”意為“乏味的”,此意與B項(dull)相符,故答案為B項。2.A推理推斷題。本題題干意為:最終一段中羅說的話示意著什么?依據最終一段羅說的(迷人的表情包每天都在出現,而用戶的品嘗也在不斷變更。對于我們設計師來說,這帶來了巨大的壓力,但同時也呈現了巨大的機遇)可知B、C、D三項都是他干脆說出來的內容而非示意內容,只有A項(設計者應當迎合用戶的品嘗)是他的話所示意的,故為答案。3.B主旨要義題。本題題干意為:本文的中心思想是什么?文中的關鍵詞是memes,并非聚焦兩位設計師的個人故事,而是借助兩位設計師的設計給讀者呈現表情包快速走紅這一現象,故答案為B項。Passage7Inrecentyears,Ethiopiahasbecomearegionalleaderinsolidwastemanagement.Lastyear,thecountrytransformedthelandfill(垃圾填埋場)inAddisAbabaintoanewwaste-to-energyplant,thefirstsuchprojectonthecontinent.Theplantincineratesupto1,400tonnesofwasteeveryday,about80percentofthecitysrubbish,supplyingthecapitalwith25percentofitshouseholdelectricityneeds.However,despitetheseimportantsteps,challengesremaininEthiopia.AlthoughthecountryhaspermittedtheBasel,StockholmandRotterdamconventions,lawsandpoliciesonenvironmentallysoundmanagementofhazardous(危急的)wastesarestillnoteffectiveinpreventinglitteringillegally.TohelpEthiopiameetthesechallenges,theChemicalsandWasteManagementProgramissupportingthecountrywithathree-yearprojecttoenhanceitscapacityforsoundmanagementofhazardouswastes.Intheinitialstages,aprojectmanagementunitwillbeformed,madeupofmanyrepresentativesfromgovernmentdepartmentsandprivateorganizations.ThisunitwillberesponsibleforreviewingandassessingEthiopiascurrentlegalsystem,which,despitenumerousadvancesinrecentyears,doesnotspecificallytargettherecyclingofhazardouswaste.Oncelegalgapsareidentified,theprojectwillseektoupdateexistingpoliciesandstrategies.ManypeopleinEthiopiaarenotawareofthepossibleeffectofenvironmentaldamageandtheneedtoreportsuchcrimestothepolice.Toresolvethispressingissue,Ethiopiawillbeconductingaseriesofcapacity-buildingactivities,includingcreatingawareness-raisingprograms,trainingtrainersandprovidingequipment.Ethiopiawillalsoworktoestablishanationalmechanismforchemicalsandwastemanagementbyengaginggovernmentdepartmentsandcivilsocietygroups.Authoritieswillalsomakebudgetaryprovisions(預算撥款)innational,regionalandinstitutionalplanningtoensurefundingfortheseactivitiesissustainableevenaftertheprojectscompletion.1.Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedword“incinerates”inParagraph1?A.producesB.gathersC.burnsD.absorbs2.WhatsthemainproblemofEthiopiainwastemanagement?A.Thefundsarenotsufficient.B.Theshortageofworkersissevere.C.Thepollutionlevelistoohigh.D.Therelevantlawsarenotsound.3.WhatwillEthiopiadotohelpthenativesprotecttheenvironment?A.Raisetheirenvironmentalawareness.B.Callonthemtostartsomeprograms.C.Rewardthemwithbudgetaryprovisions.D.Restricttheirenvironmentalmovement.4.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.Ethiopiaisfacingseriousenvironmentalproblems.B.Ethiopiaisputtingeffortsintowastemanagement.C.Ethiopiahasachievedsuccessinwastemanagement.D.Ethiopiahasreducedenvironmentalpollutionlevels.答案[語篇解讀]本文為說明文。主題語境為人與自然,主題語境內容為環境愛護。本文介紹了埃塞俄比亞廢物處理的有關狀況。1.C揣測詞義題。本題題干意為:哪一項可以取代第1段中的畫線詞“incinerates”?依據語境可推知畫線詞所在句子意為:這家工廠每天焚燒多達1,400噸的垃圾,約占該市垃圾的80%,為首都供應25%的家庭用電需求。由此可知畫線詞的意思是“焚燒”,故答案為C項。2.D細微環節理解題。本題題干意為:在廢物管理方面,埃塞俄比亞的主要問題是什么?依據第2段第2句(雖然該國已經批準了巴塞爾、斯德哥爾摩和鹿特丹公約,但危急廢物的無害環境管理的法律和政策仍舊不能有效地防止非法亂扔廢物)及第3段(為了幫助埃塞俄比亞應對這些挑戰,化學品和廢物管理支配正在支持該國實施一個為期三年的項目,以增加該國對危急廢物進行健全管理的實力)可知:埃塞俄比亞在廢物管理方面的主要問題是相關法規不健全,故答案為D項。3.A細微環節理解題。本題題干意為:埃塞俄比亞為了幫助本地人愛護環境將做什么事情?依據第5段中的“...Ethiopiawillbeconductingaseriesofcapacity-buildingactivities,includingcreatingawareness-raisingprograms,trainingtrainersandprovidingequipment.”可知答案為A項。

4.B主旨要義題。本題題干意為:本文主要講了什么?依據第1段(主題段落)可知本文主要講的是埃塞俄比亞在廢物處理方面的努力,故答案為B項。Passage8Whatdoyoudowitholdstuff?Thatdressyouboughtforapartythreeyearsago,forexample.Youworeitonceandputitawaysomewhere.So,whattodo?IntheUK,wemighttakeittoacharityshop.ThefirstcharityshopsappearedinBritaininthe19thcentury.TheSalvationArmywasoneofthefirsttorunasecond-handclothingshoptoprovidetheneedywithaffordableclothes.ThiswasfollowedbycharitiessuchastheBritishRedCross,whoalsorelievedhardshipandraisedmoneyforthewareffortduringWorldWarTwo.In1947,OxfamopenedacharityshopinHighStreet,Oxford,whichisthemodernformweknowtoday.Thesedays,charityshopsareacommonsightwitharound11,200shopsacrosstheUK,accordingtotheCharityRetailAssociation.Duringbusinesshoursthepubliccandonatetheirunwanteditemstoacharityshop—clothes,books,electronics,furniture.Theseitemsarecheckedforwearandtearandiffoundstillserviceable,theywillbepriceduptobesoldataheavilydiscountedprice.Formany,thisisawin-winsituation.Tothecharity,itmeansavaluablesourceofincome.Totheconsumer,itprovidestheopportunitytobuy,oftenextremelycheaply,itemsandclothes.Tothedonator,itmayhelptoassuageconsumerguilt.“Youcanmakeaprettygoodcasetoyourselfthatyouaredoinggood,becausewhatyouaredoingisgoingtowardsacharitablecauseandyouaresavingstufffromlandfill,”ClarePress,fashionjournalistandsustainablestyleadvocate,tellsTheGuardian.Therearesometimeshiddentreasuresforthebuyers,too.Takeascreenprintforexample.Itwasboughtfor99pandlaterfoundtobebyEnglishartistBenNicholson.Itwassoldfor￡4,200.Sonexttimeyouneedtoridyourselfofsomething,spareathoughtforthecharityshop—afterall,charitybeginsathome!1.Thetextismainlywrittento.

AmentonthebenefitsofcharityshopsB.analyzethepopularityoftheUKcharitiesC.listthenamesofthefirstUKcharityshopsD.introducesomethingaboutUKcharityshops2.Moderncharityshopsmightberunby.

A.theBritishRedCrossB.TheSalvationArmyC.OxfamD.theCharityRetailAssociation3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“assuage”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Ease.B.Add.C.Mix.D.Increase.4.Whatdoestheauthoradvisepeopletodointhelastparagraph?A.Getridofunwanteditems.B.Startcharityfromdailylife.C.Beenvironmentallyfriendly.D.Makeadifferencetothefuture.答案[語篇解讀]本文為說明文。主題語境為人與社會。本文介紹了英國的慈善商店的歷史、經營方式及社會意義。1.D推理推斷題。本題題干意為:本文的主要寫作目的是。第一段以問題的形式引出文章主題,依據第2段及后面段落內容可知本文介紹的是英國慈善商店的有關內容,故答案為D項。

2.C細微環節理解題。本題題干意為:現代慈善商店可能由經營。依據第2段中的“In1947,OxfamopenedacharityshopinHighStreet,Oxford,whichisthemodernformweknowtoday.”可知答案為C項。

3.A揣測詞義題。本題題干意為:第3段中畫線詞“assuage”可能是什么意思?依據畫線詞后面的句子(你可以很好地證明你是在做好事,因為你所做的是為了慈善事業,你正在從垃圾填埋場中挽救一些東西)可知畫線詞所在句子意為:對于捐獻者來說,那可能會有助于減輕消費者內疚感,故答案為A項(減輕)。4.B推理推斷題。本題題干意為:作者在最終一段建議人們做什么?依據最終一段尤其是最終一句(所以下次你須要扔掉一些東西的時候,想想慈善商店——終歸,慈善事業從家里起先!)可知答案