PAGEPAGE1數十年來,政府一直在嘗試減少富人和窮人之間的差距,提升社會階層的流動性.

Fordecades,thegovernmenthasbeentryingto

bridgethegulfbetween

(1.減少……之間的差距)thehavesandthehave-nots

(2.富人和窮人)inanattemptto

improvesocialmobility(3.提升社會階層的流動性).

1-bridgethegulfbetween…and…減少……之間的差距

詞典釋義：bridgeBRINGTOGETHER

橋梁

■tomakethe

differenceordivisionbetweentwothingssmallerorlesssevere

減小…之間的差異?Wemust

bridge

thegap

betweenlabour

andmanagement.我們必須消除勞資雙方的鴻溝.

gulfDIFFERENCE

不同

countableusuallysingular

■animportant

differencebetweentheideas,opinions,orsituationsoftwogroupsofpeople

不可逾越的鴻溝;巨大的差距;隔閡?Thereisawidening

gulf

between

the

middleclassesandthepoorestsectionsofsociety.中產階級和社會最貧困階層之間的貧富差距在日益加大.?Itishopedthatthepeaceplanwill

bridge

the

gulf

(=reducetheverylargedifference)

between

thegovernmentandthe

rebels.人們希望和平計劃能夠縮小政府和叛亂分子之間的分歧.

外刊例句：Inanattemptto

bridgethegulfbetween

publicandprivatehealthcare,the

governmenthasproposedintroducinganationalhealth-insurancescheme.()政府嘗試縮窄公共醫療和私人醫療的差距,于是提議開展全國醫療保險計劃.

替換表達：bridge/reduce/close/narrowthegapbetween…and…

學生錯誤表達：Narrowthe

distancebetween…and…點評：distance是指"(兩個人之間的)疏遠”,例如：Therewasstilladistancebetweenmeandmyfather.我和父親之間仍然有些疏遠.不可以用distance來指富人和窮人之間的差距.

2-富人和窮人thehavesandthehave-nots

詞典釋義：thehavesandhave-nots

■thepeoplewhoarenotpoorandthepeoplewhoarepoor

富人和窮人?Thegovernment'schangeofpolicyisintendedtoreduce

thegapbetweenthe

haves

andhave-notsinoursociety.政府改變政策,目的是縮小我們社會中富人與窮人的差距.

外刊例句：Whilearound$900m[￡585m]areredistributed

totheteamseveryyear,thesystemkeepsgivingtoomuchto

thehaves

andtoolittleto

thehave-nots.()這些球隊每年都可以重新分配得約9億美元,在此制度影響下,富裕的球隊更富,貧困的球隊更窮.

替換表達：(the)richand(the)poor

3-提升社會階層的流動性improvesocial

mobility

詞典釋義：mobilityUK

[m??'b?l.?.ti]

US

[mo?'b?l.?.t?i]

noun

uncountable

slightly

formal

■theabilitytomovefreelyorbeeasilymoved

活動性,流動性?Someneckinjuriescausetotallossof

mobility

belowthepointofinjury.某些頸部損傷會導致受傷部位以下肢體完全喪失活動能力.?Ipreferthe

mobility

ofahand-heldcamera.我更喜歡手提攝像機的靈活性.socialmobility

UK

US

noun

[uncountable]

the

abilitytomoveeasilyfromalowersocialclasstoahigherone

外刊例句：And

theevidencesuggeststhatbothpolicieswillprobablyfailto

improvesocialmobility.()而且此證據指出：這兩種政策都難以改善社會階級流動性.

替換表達：enhance/increasesocialmobility

學生錯誤表達：(1)Social

fluidity點評：socialfluidity是指"社會的不穩定性”,不能用來社會階層的流動性.(2)Social

liquidity點評：liquidity是指資產的流動性,例如：Thecompanymaintainsahighdegreeofliquidity.公司保持著很高的資產折現度.

2.在政治騷亂爆發的動蕩時期,當地政府不得不采取緊急措施安撫公眾.Inturbulenttimes

(1.在動蕩時期)when

politicalriots

(2.政治騷亂)erupted,thenationalgovernmenthadtotakeemergencymeasuresto

appeasethepublic(3.安撫公眾).

1-在動蕩時期Inturbulenttimes

詞典釋義：turbulentUK

['t?：.bj?.l?nt]

US

['t?：.bj?-]

adjective

SITUATION/TIME

情況／時間

■involvingalotofsuddenchanges,argumentsorviolence

騷亂的,騷動的;動蕩的,混亂的?a

turbulent

marriage吵吵鬧鬧的婚姻?Thishasbeena

turbulent

weekforthegovernment.對政府來講,這是動蕩多事的一周.

timeHISTORICAL

PERIOD

歷史時期

ADVANCED

countable

(also

times)

■aperiodin

history

歷史時期;時代?CharlesDickens'novel"ATaleofTwoCities"is

setatthe

time

of

theFrenchRevolution.查理斯?狄更斯的小說《雙城記》是以法國大革命時期為背景的.?In/During

medieval

times,womenthoughttobewitcheswereburntatthe

stake.中世紀時期,人們把被認為是女巫的女人在火刑柱上燒死.?In

times

goneby,allcropswereharvestedbyhand.在過去的時代,所有農作物都是人手收割.?Times

were

hard

(=Theconditionsoflifewereuncomfortable)whenIwasaboy.我小時候日子很艱難.?Heiswidelyregardedasoneofthebestwritersof

modern/our

times

(=thepresentorveryrecentpast).人們普遍認為他是現代／我們這個時代最優秀的作家之一.?Ineverthoughtitwouldhappen

in

my

time

(=beforeIdied).我怎么也想不到這會在我有生之年發生.?Wesatandtalkedabout

old

times

(=

thingsthathadhappenedtousinthepast.)我們坐下來談論往事.

外刊例句：Itaimstoinspireadiverse,global

commentaryonour

turbulenttimes,

interrogatingthewaysinwhichdesignaffectseveryaspectofourlives,and

influencesourfeelingsandexperiences.

()它志在鼓勵我們去多元化且國際化地描繪此動蕩時代,探尋設計是如何影響我們生活的各個方面,和影響我們的情感與經歷的.

替換表達：yeastydays/tumultuoustimes

學生錯誤表達：Duringthe

turbulenttimes點評：times在這里是泛指,不能加the,這里要改為duringturbulenttimes

2-政治騷亂politicalriots

詞典釋義：riot['ra?.?t]

noun

IMPROVER

countable

■anoisy,violent,anduncontrolledpublicmeeting

暴亂;騷亂;聚眾鬧事?Inner-city

riots

erupted

whenalocalman

wasshotbypolice.在市中心的貧民區,由于一名當地男子被員警開槍打死而突然引發了暴亂.

外刊例句：TheanimositybetweenMrsHasina'sBangladesh

NationalistpartyandMrsZia'sAwamiLeagueissuchthatdozensdiedin

politicalriots

lastyear.()海撒尼的孟加拉國家黨和梓亞的世俗聯盟極度仇恨對方,單去年的政治暴亂就有數十人因此而喪生.

替換表達：politicalturmoil/tumult/unrest

學生錯誤表達：Politicalsedition點評：sedition是指"煽動反政府的言論(或文章、行為)”,例如：Governmentofficialschargedhimwithsedition.政府官員指控他煽動人們造反.sedition用來這里不妥.

3-安撫公眾appeasethepublic

詞典釋義：appease

[?'pi：z]

formal

disapproving

verb

transitive

■topreventfurtherdisagreementinargumentsorwarby

givingtotheothersideanadvantagethattheyhavedemanded

平息;撫慰;綏靖;姑息?Sheclaimedthatthegovernmenthadonlychangedthelaw

inorderto

appease

theircritics.她稱政府修改法律僅僅是為了安撫那些批評政府的人.

thepublic

ESSENTIAL

■allordinary

people

公眾,大眾?The

public

hasarighttoknowaboutthis.大眾有權知道這件事.?Thepalaceanditsgroundsare

opento

the

public

(=peoplecanvisit)duringthesummermonths.在夏天的幾個月里,這座宮殿及其庭院向大眾開放.?Whenwilltheproductbeavailabletothe

general

public

(=allordinarypeople)?普通大眾甚么時候能買到這種產品??Membersof

the

public

wereaskedabouttheirshoppinghabits.一些民眾被問到他們的購物習慣.

外刊例句：EvenOliverLetwin,oneofausterity’skey

architectsandadevoutThatcherite,saysministersmustconsidertaxrises

andloosenpublicspendingto

appease

thepublicmood.

()奧利弗是緊縮政策的主要策劃者,而且是堅定的撒切爾主義者,但連他都說,各部長必須考慮提高稅收、加大公共服務投入,從而安撫大眾情緒.

替換表達：pacify/reassurethepublic

3.政府不能被短期利益所蒙蔽,而要把大眾的長遠福利放在首位.

Thegovernmentshould

putahighpriorityon

(1.將……放在首位)people’slong-termwelfare,ratherthan

beingblindedby(2.被……蒙蔽)

short-terminterests(3.短期利益).

1-將……放在首位putahighpriority

on

詞典釋義：priorityUK

[pra?'?r.?.ti]

US

[-'?：r.?.t?i]

noun

countable

or

uncountable

IMPROVER

■somethingthatisveryimportantandmustbedealtwith

beforeotherthings

優先考慮的事?Themanagementdidnotseemtoconsiderofficesafetyto

bea

priority.管理部門似乎并不認為應該優先考慮辦公室安全問題.?My

first/top

priority

istofindsomewhere

tolive.我首先要考慮的是找個地方住.?Youhavetolearnto

get

your

priorities

right/straight

(=decidewhicharethemostimportantjobsorproblemsanddealwiththem

first).你必須學會先處理最重要的事.?Mendingthelightsisa

priority

task(=more

importantthanotherjobs).修燈這個任務更重要.?Banksnormally

give

priority

to

large

businesseswhendecidingonloans(=Theydealwiththemfirstbecausethey

considerthemmostimportant).銀行在發放貸款時通常優先考慮大企業.?Officialbusinessrequirementsobviously

take/have

priority

over

personalrequests(=Officialbusinessmatterswillbedealtwith

first).公事顯然應該置于私事之前.

外刊例句：AndintruthfewGermanpoliticians(except

thoseintheEuropeanParliament)

put

ahighpriorityon

apushforEuropeanfederalism.

()事實上,甚少德國政治家(除了那些在歐盟議會任職的)會把推進歐洲聯邦制視為首要任務.

替換表達：putsomethingfirst

2-被……蒙蔽beingblindedby

詞典釋義：blind[bla?nd]

verb

transitive

NOT

CONSCIOUS

盲目

■tomakesomeone

unabletonoticeorunderstandsomething

蒙蔽;使無辨別力

?Wemustn'tletourprejudices

blind

us

to

thefactsofthesituation.我們一定不能讓偏見蒙蔽自己而看不清實際形勢.

外刊例句：Blindedby

short-terminterests,westerngovernmentsinsistonseeingthingsinthe

regionastheywant,notastheyare.

()西方政府受短期利益所蒙蔽,堅持把該區域看得和理想中的一樣,卻不能看到其真實情況.

學生錯誤表達：(1)

be

coveredby點評：cover是指"遮蓋;掩護”,不可以用來指"被……蒙蔽”.(2)

be

deceivedby點評：bedeceivedby是指"被……欺騙”,例如：Hehadbeendeceivedbyayoungmanclaimingtobethesonofa

millionaire.他被一個自稱是百萬富翁兒子的年輕人騙了.它與beblindedby(被……蒙蔽)不同.

3-短期利益short-terminterests

詞典釋義：short-term

UK

[???：t't?：m]

US

['??：rt.t?：m]

adjective

ADVANCED

■lastingashorttime

持續時間短的,暫時的

?short-term

memory短期記憶

ADVANCED

■relatingtoashortperiodoftime

短期的;近期的?a

short-term

weatherforecast近期天氣預報

interestUK

['?n.tr?st]

US

[-tr?st]

noun

ADVANTAGE

好處

ESSENTIAL

countable

usually

plural

uncountable

■somethingthat

bringsadvantagestooraffectssomeoneorsomething

利益,好處?Aunionlooksafterthe

interests

ofits

members.工會關心其會員的利益.?It's

inhis

interests

tokeepcareful

records.仔細做好紀錄對他有好處.?Inthe

interests

of

safety,pleasedonotsmoke.為了安全起見,請不要吸煙.?Despitewhatyouthink,I'monlyactinginyour

best

interests

(=doingwhatisbestforyou).不管你怎樣想,我這樣做完全是為你著想.

外刊例句：Fortragediesofthecommonstobeaverted,

rulesandinstitutionsareneededtobalancethe

short-terminterests

ofindividualsagainstthelong-term

interestsofallusers.

()為了這些普遍的悲劇,制度和機制需要讓個人的短期利益和所有使用者的長期利益平衡起來.

替換表達：short-termbenefits

學生錯誤表達：short-term

interests點評：當interests表示"利益”時應該使用復數形式,例如：Theregulationswereintroducedinordertosafeguardtheinterests

oflocalfishingcommunities.這些規章的實施是為了保護當地漁民社區的利益.

4.學校教育系統的質量與未來勞動力的競爭力成正比.因此,如果一個國家將稅收預算投入到興建學校里面,它能夠長期從這些熟練的勞動力中獲益.Thequalityoftheschoolingsystemis

proportionalto

(1.與……成正比)thecompetenceofthefutureworkforce.Therefore,acountrycanbenefitfromsuch

skillful

(2.熟練的)humanresourcesinthelongtermiftheyinvest

thetaxbudget

(3.稅收預算)tobuildschools.

1-與……成正比(be)proportionaltobeproportionalto意為"與……成比例”,一般指的就是正比例;如果要表達反比例,可以用beinverselyproportionalto.

詞典釋義：proportional

●○○○○1.ADJ

形容詞

與…成比例的

Ifoneamountis

proportionalto

another,thetwoamountsincreaseanddecreaseatthesameratesothereis

alwaysthesamerelationshipbetweenthem.?Lossofweightisdirectly

proportional

totherateatwhichthediseaseisprogressing.體重的下降與病情發展的速度成正比.?...a

proportional

feebasedonthefinalsaleprice.與最后銷售價格成比例的費用

外刊例句：Retributionshould

beproportionalto

thecrime.Butsoshouldreward

beproportionalto

ourextraeffort.

()懲罰程度該與犯罪成正比,不過獎勵也該與我們付出的額外努力成正比.

替換表達：haveapositivecorrelationwith/beinproportionto

學生錯誤表達：Indirect

ratiowith點評：ratio是指兩個數之間的比率,例如：Theratioofnursingstafftodoctorsis2：1.護理人員與醫生的比例為2比1.indirect

ratiowith可以改為beproportionalto

2-熟練的skillful

詞典釋義：skilfulUK

(ALSOUSskillful)['sk?l.f?l]

adjective

ADVANCED

■goodatdoingsomething,especiallybecauseyouhave

practiseddoingit

嫻熟的,熟練的?Policeofficershavetobe

skilful

drivers.員警必須能熟練駕駛車輛.

ADVANCED

■doneormadeverywell

出