PAGEPAGE11.可以這么說(shuō),固定懲罰除去了判決中存在的各種不易察覺(jué)的潛在偏見(jiàn),因?yàn)槊總€(gè)人如果有罪受到的刑罰都一樣.Itcouldbearguedthat

(1.可以這么說(shuō))fixedpunishmentsremoveanypotentialprejudicethatcould

creepinto

(2.不知不覺(jué)地存在,不易覺(jué)察地)sentencing,aseachpersonwillalwaysreceivethesametreatmentiffoundguilty.

1-Itcouldbearguedthat

詞典釋義：argue4.VERB

動(dòng)詞

主張;認(rèn)為

Ifyou

arguethat

somethingis

true,youstateitandgivethereasonswhyyouthinkitistrue.?Hislawyersarearguingthatheisunfittostandtrial...他的律師正在提出理由說(shuō)明他不適合出庭受審.?Itcouldbe

argued

that

theBritisharenot

aggressiveenough.可以說(shuō)英國(guó)人不夠強(qiáng)勢(shì).

外刊例句：Itcouldbe

arguedthat

thisisnotananti-inflationarypolicy.

()可以說(shuō)這并非反通貨膨脹的政策.

替換表達(dá)：itcouldbesaidthat

2-creepinto

詞典釋義：[kri：p]

verb

intransitiveusually+adverbor

preposition

(crept,

crept)

Phrasal

Verbs

creepin/creepintosth

mainlyUKIfmistakescreepinorcreepintoapieceoftext,

theyareincludeddespiteeffortsnottoincludethem

(錯(cuò)誤)不知不覺(jué)地存在,無(wú)法避免地出現(xiàn)?Afewmistakesalways

creep

induringthe

editingprocess.在編輯過(guò)程中總會(huì)不小心出幾個(gè)錯(cuò).?Oneortwotypingerrorscreptintothereport.報(bào)告中有一兩處不易察覺(jué)的打字錯(cuò)誤.■tograduallystart

tobenoticeable

逐漸顯現(xiàn);逐漸引起注意?Doubtsbeganto

creep

intomy

mind

aboutthelikelysuccessoftheproject.我逐漸對(duì)這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃成功的可能性產(chǎn)生了懷疑.

外刊例句：Aslocalwords

creepinto

English,somefearthatcommunicationbetweenIndia

andtherestoftheworldcouldsuffer.

()隨著本土語(yǔ)言不知不覺(jué)地轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橛⒄Z(yǔ),一些人害怕印度人乃至其他地區(qū)人民的交流都會(huì)像這樣轉(zhuǎn)換為英語(yǔ).

2.對(duì)于犯罪行為設(shè)置固定的懲罰肯定是有不少好處的.最明顯的一點(diǎn)是其中包含的實(shí)用性優(yōu)點(diǎn).司法系統(tǒng)只需要簡(jiǎn)單地判斷一個(gè)人是否犯下了某一項(xiàng)特定的罪行,如果其有罪,就作出相應(yīng)的判決.Therearecertainlyanumberofadvantagesofhavingfixedpunishmentsforcrimes.

Mostnotable

(1.最明顯的)arethepracticalbenefitsinvolved.

Thejudicialsystem

(2.司法系統(tǒng))wouldsimplyhavetodecidewhetheranindividualwasguiltyornotofcommittingaparticularcrime,andiftheyarefoundguilty,

passthecorrespondingsentence(3.作出相應(yīng)的判決).

1-mostnotablearesth這是一個(gè)倒裝句,正裝為："thepracticalbenefitsinvolvedaremostnotable”;most不需要加the一般有兩種情況,一是同一事物在不同情況下的比較,二是加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣,即most更偏向"非常、特別”的含義,此句中是后者.

詞典釋義：notableUK

['n??.t?.bl]

US

['no?.t??-]

adjective

ADVANCED

■importantanddeservingattention,becauseverygoodor

interesting

顯要的;顯著的;值得注意的?a

notable

collectionofrareplants一批引人注目的奇花異草?Gettingbothsidestoagreewasa

notable

achievement.使雙方達(dá)成共識(shí)是一項(xiàng)顯著的成就.?Thisattractivebuildingisparticularly

notable

for

itsgardensetting.這幢漂亮的建筑因其花園布局而格外引人注目.

外刊例句：Mostnotable

are

therepublicanmicro-groups,whichincludesome

mainstreamIRAveteransbutaremostlycomposedofimpressionableyouths.()最為顯著的要數(shù)共和黨的少數(shù)派成員,這包括部分主流的IRA老黨員,但主要還是些令人印象深刻的年輕人.

替換表達(dá)：Therearecertainlyanumberofadvantagesofhavingfixed

punishmentsforcrimes,mostnoticeablythepracticalbenefitsinvolved.

2-Thejudicialsystem

詞典釋義：judicial[d?u：'d??.?l]

adjective

■involvingacourtoflaw

司法的;審判(上)的

?the

judicial

system司法制度?a

judicial

enquiry/review司法質(zhì)詢／審查

外刊例句：

Thereisacrisisoftrustandconfidencein

thejudicialsystem

amongblack

communities.

()司法系統(tǒng)在黑人群體中,存在著信任和信心的危機(jī).

3-passthecorrespondingsentence

詞典釋義：pass17.

宣布(判決)

Whenajudge

passes

sentenceonsomeone,heorshesayswhattheirpunishmentwill

be.?Passingsentence,thejudgesaiditallhadtheappearance

ofacontrick...宣布判決時(shí),法官稱其完全符合詐騙案的要素.

?Beforesentencewas

passed,

MrMillsescapedfromjail.在宣判前,米爾斯先生越獄了.

corresponding

UK

[?k?r.?'sp?n.d??]

US

[?k?：r.?'spɑ：n-]

adjective

■similar,orresultingfromsomethingelse

相似的;相應(yīng)的;對(duì)等的?Companylosseswere50percentworsethaninthe

corresponding

periodlastyear.與去年同期相比,公司虧損增加了50%.?Asthecoursebecomesmoredifficult,there'susuallya

corresponding

dropinattendance.隨著課程逐漸變難,來(lái)上課的人也越來(lái)越少了.

外刊例句：Itwasessentialtotheintegrityofthe

judiciaryinafreesocietythattrialjudgesandmagistrateswereleftto

passthesentence

theybelievedwas

appropriate,Strawadded.

()斯喬瓦補(bǔ)充道,庭審法官和地方法官能自由判決其認(rèn)為合適的裁決,這對(duì)于自由社會(huì)的司法系統(tǒng)完整性而已十分重要.

Thejudicialsystemwouldsimplyhaveto

decidewhetheranindividualwasguiltyornotofcommittingaparticular

crime,andiftheyarefoundguilty,passthecorrespondingsentence.

[分析]本句是一個(gè)主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu),共有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)和兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ).主語(yǔ)是Thejudicialsystem,第一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)是wouldsimply

havetodecide,其賓語(yǔ)是whetheranindividualwasguilty

ornotofcommittingaparticularcrime,第二個(gè)謂語(yǔ)是pass,其賓語(yǔ)是thecorrespondingsentence.句中,iftheyare

foundguilty是插入語(yǔ),是一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句.

3.固定刑罰有很多缺陷,容易導(dǎo)致不公正的判決.犯罪是一個(gè)非常復(fù)雜的課題,而給予固定的刑罰是一種過(guò)分簡(jiǎn)單化的做法.當(dāng)評(píng)價(jià)一起嚴(yán)重犯罪的情節(jié)輕重時(shí),有很多因素都值得考慮.Fixedpunishmentshaveanumberofdrawbacksandcaneasilyleadtounfairsentences.Crimeisaverycomplexsubjectandgivingfixedpunishmentsisavery

simplistic(1.過(guò)分簡(jiǎn)單化)approach.Therearemanyfactorsworthconsideringwhen

appraising

(2.評(píng)價(jià))theseverityofaseriouscrime.

1-simplistic

詞典釋義：simplistic

[s?m'pl?s.t?k]

disapproving

adjective

■makingsomethingcomplicatedseemsimplebyignoring

importantpartsofit

過(guò)分簡(jiǎn)化的?Theyaretakingadisgracefully

simplistic

pointof

viewaboutthewar.他們對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)持有一種過(guò)分簡(jiǎn)化的觀點(diǎn).

外刊例句：A

simplistic

approachwouldbetolookathowmuchgovernmentshavemanagedtoreduce

borrowing(thedifferencebetweentaxesandspending).()簡(jiǎn)單方法將是去觀察政府有多努力去減少借貸.(稅務(wù)和花銷的差距)

替換表達(dá)：oversimplified

2-appraise

詞典釋義：appraise[?'pre?z]

verb

transitive

■toexaminesomeoneorsomethinginordertojudgetheir

qualities,successorneeds

評(píng)定;鑒定;估價(jià);評(píng)價(jià)

?Attheendofeachteachingpractice,traineeteachersare

askedto

appraise

theirown

performance.在每次教學(xué)實(shí)習(xí)結(jié)束時(shí),都要求實(shí)習(xí)教師對(duì)自己的表現(xiàn)作自我評(píng)定.?Inco-operationwithotherprofessionals,socialworkers

will

appraise

theindividual'sneeds.社會(huì)工作者將與其他專業(yè)人士攜手合作,對(duì)個(gè)體的需要作出評(píng)估.?Hecoolly

appraised

the

situation

,deciding

whichpersonwouldbemostlikelytosucceed.他冷靜地審時(shí)度勢(shì),判斷哪個(gè)人最可能獲得勝利.

外刊例句：Anarchitectfakedearthquake-resistancedata

andsurveyorssupposedto

appraise

thebuildings'constructiondidnotnotice.

()一名建筑師虛報(bào)了抗震數(shù)據(jù),而去鑒定該建筑的調(diào)查員卻沒(méi)發(fā)現(xiàn)這事.

替換表達(dá)：assess/determine/judge

4.對(duì)犯罪的固定刑罰在某些情況下,例如對(duì)于輕微犯罪來(lái)說(shuō),是有實(shí)際優(yōu)勢(shì)的.然而,對(duì)于更加嚴(yán)重的犯罪來(lái)說(shuō),最好采用更具分析性的方法,并考慮犯罪的各個(gè)方面之后再作出判決.Fixedpunishmentsforcrimescanhavepracticaladvantagesincertainsituations,forexamplein

minoroffences(1.輕微犯罪).However,formoreseriousoffencesitisbestto

takeamoreanalyticalapproach

(2.采用更具分析性的方法)and

considerallaspectsofacrime

(3.考慮到犯罪的各個(gè)方面)beforepassingsentence.

1-minoroffences

詞典釋義：minorUK

['ma?.n?r]

US

[-n?]

adjective

UNIMPORTANT

不重要的

IMPROVER

■havinglittleimportance,influenceoreffect,especially

whencomparedwithotherthingsofthesametype

較不重要的;次要的;輕微的?a

minor

operation小手術(shù)?It'sonlya

minor

problem.那只是個(gè)小問(wèn)題.?There'sbeenanincreasein

minor

offences

,

suchastrafficviolationsandpettytheft.輕微的違法活動(dòng)有所增加,如違反交通規(guī)則、小偷小摸等.?Shesufferedonly

minor

injuries.她只是受了輕傷.?Itrequiresafew

minor

adjustments.需要作幾處小的調(diào)整.?a

minor

poetofthe16th-century16世紀(jì)一位不太知名的詩(shī)人

offence(US

usually

offense)[?'fents]

noun

CRIME

罪行

IMPROVER

countable

■anillegalact;acrime

犯罪行為;罪行

?aserious/minor

offence重／輕罪?acriminal/drink-driving

offence刑事／酒后駕車罪?Drivingwithoutalicenceisan

offence.無(wú)照駕駛是違法行為.?He

committed

severalserious

offences.他犯了好幾項(xiàng)重罪.?It'sthethirdtimethathe'sbeen

convictedof

a

drug

offence.這是他第三次因毒品犯罪被判刑.

外刊例句：Minor

offences

bychildrenshouldbetreatedasapublic

healthissueandnotascrimes,accordingtoanewreportrevealingfailings

inthejusticesystemhavecost190livesinadecade.

()最新報(bào)道揭露了司法系統(tǒng)操作不當(dāng),在過(guò)去十年間讓190人白白喪命,而據(jù)其所言,孩子翻下的微笑過(guò)失不該視為犯罪,而應(yīng)該是公眾健康問(wèn)題.

替換表達(dá)：lesser/petty/trivialoffences,minorcrimes

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

Slight

crime點(diǎn)評(píng)：沒(méi)有slightcrime的搭配,這里應(yīng)該改為minorcrimes(2)

Petty

criminals點(diǎn)評(píng)：criminals是指"罪犯”,這里應(yīng)該改為pettycrimes

2-amoreanalyticalapproach

詞典釋義：analytical

UK

[??n.?'l?t.?.k?l]

US

[-'l?t?-]

(formal

analytic)

adjective

■examiningorlikingtoexaminethingsverycarefully

分析的;善于分析的?Hehasavery

analytical

mind.他善于分析問(wèn)題.?Somestudentshaveamore

analytical

approach

tolearning.有些學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)方法更具分析性.

外刊例句：Ifanyfirmhasan

analyticalapproach

toinnovationitshouldbeGoogle.

()要說(shuō)哪間公司會(huì)采取分析性方法來(lái)研究創(chuàng)新的話,那肯定非Google莫屬.

3-considerallaspectsofacrime

詞典釋義：

aspect['?s.pekt]

noun

FEATURE

特點(diǎn)

IMPROVER

countable

■onepartofasituation,problem,subject,etc.

方面;層面?W