PAGEPAGE11.今天的能源公司極為在乎形象,他們會不余遺力地避免關于破壞環境的不利報道.Energycompaniestodayareextremely

image-conscious(1.在乎形象)and

gooutoftheirwayto

(2.不余遺力地)avoid

badpublicity

(3.不利報道)overenvironmentaldamage.

1-image-conscious

詞典釋義：image['?m.?d?]

noun

ESSENTIAL

countable

or

uncountable

■thewaythatsomethingorsomeoneisthoughtofbyother

people

(他人心中的)形象,印象;聲譽?Theaimistoimprovethe

public

image

of

thepolice.目的在于改善員警的公眾形象.?Thecompanyhasmadestrenuousattemptstoimproveits

image

inrecentyears.公司近年來作出了極大的努力來改善自身形象.?He'sterribly

image

-conscious

(=triesto

dressandbehaveinawaythatotherpeoplewilladmire).他非常在意自己的形象.

外刊例句：Anincreasingnumberof

image-conscious

propertieshavebegunconnectingthedotsbetween

unbylinedwrite-upsthatappearonsuchpopulartravelsitesasTripAdvisor

orYelp,andyourpersonalinformation,suchasyourloyaltyprogram

preferences.

()越來越多在意形象的酒店開始把諸如TripAdvisor和Yelp等著名旅游網站的匿名評論與顧客的個人信息(比如對于忠誠計劃的喜好)聯系在一起.

2-gooutofone’swaytodo

詞典釋義：gooutof

one'sway

phrasal

：

totakespecialpains

：

actwithorasifwithadeliberate

purpose

<

went

outofhisway

tostimulateconsumptionwhileretainingstrictcurbson

investment

—

New

Statesman&Nation

>

<could

havedeceivedonlythosewho

wentoutoftheirway

tobedeceived

—

R.D.Altick>

外刊例句：Therearealsoacollectionofvirusesthat

gooutoftheirwayto

looklike

ransomwaresuchasCryptolocker,butwhichwon’thandbackthedataif

victimspay.()同樣有大量病毒軟件竭盡所能表現得像Cryptolocker那樣的勒索軟件,不過它們卻就算收到了受害者的錢也不會退回數據資料.

替換表達：gotogreatlengthstodo/sparenoefforttodo/dotheirutmost

todo

3-badpublicity

詞典釋義：publicity

●●●○○1.N-UNCOUNT

不可數名詞

宣傳;報道

Publicity

isinformationoractionsthatareintendedtoattractthe

public'sattentiontosomeoneorsomething.?Muchadvance

publicity

wasgiventothetalks...對于這次會談有很多前期報道.?...government

publicity

campaigns...政府宣傳活動?Itwasalla

publicity

stunt.這完全是個宣傳噱頭.2.N-UNCOUNT

不可數名詞

(媒體或公眾的)關注

Whenthenewsmedia

andthepublicshowalotofinterestinsomething,youcansaythatitis

receiving

publicity.?Thecasehasgeneratedenormous

publicity

inBrazil.這個案件已經在巴西引起了極大的關注.

?...therenewed

publicity

overtheCaseyaffair.對凱西事件的再次關注

外刊例句：Yetifyourstartingpointisobscurity,even

badpublicity

maybehelpful,argues

AlanSorensen,aneconomicsprofessoratStanfordUniversity'sGraduate

SchoolofBusiness.

()斯坦福橋商學院的經濟學教授阿蘭·索仁森認為,你的起點若默默無聞,那么就算是不利報道也可能帶來好處.

替換表達：adverse/negative/unfavorablepublicity,negativepresscoverage

學生錯誤表達：(1)

Harmfulreports

點評：harmfulreports是指"有害的報道”,用在這里意思不準確,可以改為badpublicity

Q：請問：badpublicity后面的over是publicity的常用搭配嗎?也就是說good/badpublicity

oversth.A：是的,publicityoversomething是一個常見搭配,例如柯林斯詞典例句：...therenewedpublicityovertheCaseyaffair.對凱西事件的再次關注

2.投資道路基礎設施會是改善交通流量的一個好方法,而發展化石燃料的替代品對提升空氣質量有很大幫助.Investinginroadinfrastructurewouldbeagoodmethodof

improvingtrafficflow(1.改善交通流量),anddevelopmentof

alternatives

(2.……的替代品)tofossilfuelswould

goalongwaytowards

(3.對……很有幫助)improvingairquality.

1-improvetrafficflow

詞典釋義：improve[?m'pru：v]

verb

intransitive

or

transitive

ESSENTIAL

■to(causesomethingto)getbetter

改進;改善?Hedidalotto

improve

conditionsforfactory

workers.他為改善工廠工人的工作條件做了許多工作.?Ithoughtthebestwayto

improve

myFrenchwasto

liveinFrance.我認為提高我的法語水準的最好辦法是到法國生活.?Herhealthhas

improved

dramaticallysinceshe

startedonthisnewdiet.自從開始這種新的飲食,她的健康狀況大為改善.

flowUK

[fl??]

US

[flo?]

noun

MOVEMENT

動作

ADVANCED

countableusually

singular

■themovementof

somethinginonedirection

流動,向某方向的移動?the

flow

of

ariver河水的流動?the

flow

of

traffic車流?the

flow

ofblood血液的流動

外刊例句：Wirelesscommunicationtechnologythatallowscarstotalk

toeachothercould

improvetraffic

flow,increasethenumberofcarsthatahighwaycanaccommodateand

reducefuelconsumption.

()能使司機間相互交流的信息交流技術可改善交通流量,讓更多司機在高速公路上互相禮讓,減少汽油消耗.

學生錯誤表達：(1)

Improvethe

trafficflow點評：trafficflow是不可數名詞,且這里是泛指,前面不能加定冠詞the

2-alternativestosthalternativetoA是"代替A的另一方式”,而alternativeofA是"A這種替代方式(替代誰需要看上文)”.

詞典釋義：alternative

UK

[?l't?：.n?.t?v]

US

[ɑ：l't?：.n?.t??v]

noun

countable

IMPROVER

■somethingthatisdifferentfromsomethingelse,

especiallyfromwhatisusual,andofferingthepossibilityofchoice

(尤指不同于平常事物的)可供選擇的事物;可供選擇的解決辦法?an

alternative

to

coffee咖啡代用品?Theremustbean

alternative

to

people

sleepingonthestreets.一定要想辦法解決街頭露宿者的問題.?I'mafraidIhave

noalternative

butto

ask

youtoleave(=thatiswhatIhavetodo).恐怕我別無選擇,只有讓你離開.

外刊例句：What,then,arethe

alternatives

to

austerity?Well,firstupwouldbeanintegrationthatwouldhelp

breakthediabolicalloopnowguttingtheperiphery.()那么,什么是經濟緊縮計劃的替代品呢?好吧,首推經濟整合方案,它有助于破解這個正損害邊緣人群利益的惡心循環.

替換表達：substitute

3-goalongwaytowards

詞典釋義：goalongwaytowardsdoingsomething

phrase

if

somethinggoesalongwaytowardsdoingsomething,ithelpssomeoneto

achievesomething

Themoneyraisedwillgoalongwaytowardspayingfor

Freddie’smedicaltreatment.

例句：TheBurmesegovernment's

mainaimsremainedtheliftingofwesternsanctionsandconfirmationofits

chairmanshipoftheAssociationofSouth-EastAsianNations(Asean)in2014–

whichwould

goalongwaytowards

normalisingthecountry'sinternationalposition.

()緬甸政府的首要目標仍是讓西方世界撤銷對其制裁,以及鞏固其于2014東盟的領袖地位.這些方案將有利于緬甸使其世界地位恢復正常.

替換表達：beofgreathelp/servesthwell

Q：看了詞典,例句里flow前都要加冠詞?A：trafficflow是不可數名詞,如果traffic

flow是泛指,則前面不需要加冠詞,例如：improvetrafficflow;如果trafficflow是特指,則前面要加冠詞,例如：improvethe

trafficflowofthiscity

Q：alternative是二者擇一的,那如果是三者或三者以上的替代品或者供選擇應該用哪個詞呢?A：可以用substitute,此外,alternative并不一定是二者選一,可以參考下面的說明：

Sometraditionalistsholdthatalternativeshouldbeused

onlyinsituationswherethenumberofchoicesinvolvedisexactlytwo,

becauseoftheword'shistoricalrelationtoLatinalter,"theotheroftwo.”

H.W.Fowler,amongothers,hasconsideredthisrestrictionafetish.TheUsage

Panelisevenlydividedontheissue,with49percentacceptingthe

sentenceOfthethreealternatives,thefirstistheleastdistasteful.·

Alternativeisalsosometimesusedtorefertoavariantorsubstitutein

caseswherethereisnoelementofchoiceinvolved,asinWewilldoourbest

tosecurealternativeemploymentforemployeesdisplacedbytheclosingof

thefactory.Thissentenceisunacceptableto60percentoftheUsagePanel.

·Alternativeshouldnotbeconfusedwithalternate.CorrectusagerequiresThe

classwillmeetonalternate(notalternative)Tuesdays.

有些持傳統觀點的人認為alternative只能嚴格地用在二者擇一的情況下,因為這個詞來源于拉丁語alter

,意思是"二者中的另外一個”.包括H.W.福勒的其他人認為這種限制是一種迷信.用法專題小組中持這兩種意見的人各占一半,49％的人都接受這句話在三個選項中,第一個是最不讓人討厭的.

Alternative

如果沒有供選擇的成分存在,其有時也指一個變體或替換的事物,如我們將盡全力保證因工廠倒閉而離開崗位的雇員以某種方式就業.

語言用法專題小組中60％的人不接受這句話.Alternative不能和alternate混淆.正確的用法要求：全班每隔(不是alternative

)星期二見一次面.

3.燃料價格更低所帶來的經濟效益巨大.更低的燃料價格產生的連鎖反應幾乎可以讓所有東西更加便宜.因此,阻止新的石油和天然氣儲備的開發是不現實的.The

economicbenefits

(1.經濟效益)ofcheaperfuelareenormous.The

knock-oneffect

(2.連鎖反應)oflowerfuelpricesmakesalmosteverythingcheaper.Therefore,preventingnewexplorationofoilandgasreservesis

impractical(3.不現實的).

1-theeconomicbenefits

詞典釋義：economicUK

[i：.k?'n?m.?k/

UK

[ek.?-]

US

[-'nɑ：.m?k]

adjective

COUNTRY'S

ECONOMY

國家經濟

ESSENTIAL

[before

noun]

■relatingtotrade,industryandmoney

經濟的;經濟上的?Thecountryhasbeeninaverypoor

economic

state

eversincethedeclineofitstwomajorindustries.自從這個國家的兩大主要產業衰退后,其經濟一直萎靡不振.?Thegovernment's

economic

policies

haveled

usintotheworstrecessionforyears.政府的經濟政策使我們遭遇了多年來最為嚴重的經濟衰退.

benefit['ben.?.f?t]

noun

countable

or

uncountable

IMPROVER

■ahelpfulorgoodeffect,orsomethingintendedtohelp

利益,好處;優勢?Thediscoveryofoilbroughtmany

benefits

tothe

town.石油的發現給該鎮帶來很多利益.?Oneofthemany

benefits

of

foreigntravel

islearninghowtocopewiththeunexpected.學會如何應付突發事件是海外旅游的眾多益處之一.?He'shad

thebenefit

of

anexpensive

educationandyethecontinuestoworkasawaiter.他接受過昂貴的教育,但卻繼續當一名侍者.?Ididn't

get/derive(much)benefit

from

school.我從沒在學校里學到(多少)東西.?Withthe

benefit

ofhindsight

(=Helpedby

theknowledgesincelearned)itiseasyforustoseewherewewentwrong.透過事后反省,我們比較容易認清自己所犯的錯誤.?slightly

formal

Shedrinksalotlessnow,

tothebenefit

of

herhealthasawhole.她現在酒喝得很少了,身體健康狀況整體上也有所改善.

外刊例句：The

economic

benefits

ofoffshoringhavebeenimmense.Forworkersinlow-costcountries

ithasmeantjobsandrapidlyrisingstandardsofliving.Rich-worldworkers

havebeenabletoleavethedrudgeworktosomeoneelse.

()海外建廠能帶來巨大經濟利益.這對于低收入國家的工人來說,意味著更多工作崗位和生活待遇提高,而對于富裕國家的工人來說,則是可以讓他們把苦力活讓給別人做.

替換表達：financialbenefits

學生錯誤表達：(1)

Benefitsof

finance點評：表達不準確,benefitsof

finance是指"金融的好處”,這里應該改為financialbenefits(2)

economical

benefit點評：用詞不當,economical是指"經濟的,節約的”,例如：What'sthemosteconomicalwayofheatingthisbuilding?給這棟大樓供應暖氣,怎樣做才是最經濟的方法?這里應該改為economicbenefits(3)

economic/

financialprofits點評：economic/

financialprofits是指金錢形式的利潤,而economicbenefits是指"經濟效益(范圍比利潤要廣)”,這里用economicbenefits更加合適.

2-theknock-oneffectofsth

詞典釋義：knock-on

effectUK

['n?k.?n.??fekt]

US

['nɑ：k.ɑ：n-]

mainlyUK

noun

countableusuallysingular

■Whenaneventorsituationhasaknock-oneffect,it

causesothereventsorsituationsbutnotdirectly

連鎖反應?Ifoneortwotrainsrunlate,it

has

aknock-on

effectontheentirerailservice.如果有一兩列火車延誤,會影響整個鐵路系統.

外刊例句：Anissuementionedtime

andagainbyrespondentswas

the

knock-oneffectof

experiencedteachersleavingtheprofession,which

impoverishedtheentiresystem.

()回答者不停提到的問題就是,富有經驗的老師離開崗位后將帶來連鎖反應,使整個教育系統質量降低.

替換表達：therippleeffect/thedominoeffect/chainreaction

學生錯誤表達：(1)

knockdown

effect點評：knockdown是"擊倒”的意思,這里應該改為knock-oneffect(2)

continuous

effect點評：沒有continuouseffect的說法,要改為knock-oneffect(3)

serial

reaction點評：這里應該改為固定說法chain

reaction

3-impractical

詞典釋義：impractical

[?m'pr?k.t?.k?l]

adjective

■Impracticalarrangements,ideasormethodscannotbedone

orusedeasilyoreffectively

(安排、想法或方法)不切實際的,不現實的

?It's

impractical

tohavesomanypeoplealltrying

tousethisequipmentatthesametime.要讓這么多人同時使用這個設備是不切實際的.

外刊例句：Theethicofresponsibilityholdsthatsuchstancesarenot

merely

impractical

butwrong,and

thatwhatwillnotworkcannotbemoral.

()根據責任感的道德準則,這種觀點不切實際,完全錯誤,而且任何無法成行的做法都難稱有道德.

替換表達：impracticable/unrealistic

Q：魏老師,像"連鎖反應”的說法,真的不會說,這個時候該怎么辦呢?謝謝.A：這要靠平時的積累,平時可以多閱讀外刊文章還有查詞典,積累這些常見表達.

Q：燃料價格更低所帶來的經濟效益巨大處理為Lowerfuelpricesbringhuge

economicbenefits是否可以呢?A：可以的.

Q：knock-oneffect和ripple

effect有什么區別嗎?A：兩者是同義詞.

Q：economy在表示經濟體制的意思外,還表示有節約的意思,是不是類同economical?而表示和經濟相關的..時應該使用economic??A：economy可以表示"節約”的意思,但一般與商品、旅行等搭配,例如economytravel/size/pack,economical含義是"經濟的,節約的”,例如：Asmallcarismoreeconomicaltorun.開小型汽車比較經濟.Economic是指"經濟上的”,例如：Economicgrowthis

slow.經濟增長緩慢.

4.毫無疑問,提高汽油的價格能減少路上車輛的數目.總會有人在相對不重要的出行前再三考慮,甚至有人會首先重新思考要不要買車的問題.Thereislittledoubtthatincreasingpetrolpriceswoulddecreasethenumberofroadusers.Therewouldalwaysbesomewhowould

thinktwiceabout

(1.再三考慮)makinga

relatively(2.相對)unimportantjourney,oreventhosethatwouldreconsiderbuyingacar

inthefirstplace(3.首先).

1-thinktwiceaboutsth

詞典釋義：thinktwice/again

phrase

1.

tocarefullyconsider

whetherwhatyouareplanningtodoisagoodidea

I’dthinktwice

beforebuyingthatcarifIwereyou.

Avisiblealarmmakesburglarsthinktwice.

外刊例句：Beforeyouthinkwe’velostourminds,Ishouldsaythat

we’reonlyaskingauthorsandillustratorsto

thinktwiceabout

goingtoaparticularfestival–theEmirates

AirlineFestivalofLiteraturethatisheldeveryyearinDubai.

()在你認為我們瘋了之前,我想說,我們只是想作者和插畫家再三考慮是否要參加這特別的節日——每年在迪拜舉行的Emirates航空文學節.

替換表達：thinkagainabout

2-relatively

詞典釋義：relatively

●●●○○1.ADV

副詞

相對而言;比較起來;某種程度上

Relatively

meansto

acertaindegree,especiallywhencomparedwithotherthingsofthesame

kind.

【搭配模式】：ADVadj/adv?Thesumsneededare

relatively

small...需要的金額相對較小.?IliketothinkI'm

relatively

easytogetalongwith.我愿意認為自己相對比較容易相處.

例句：Inthestormyandever-changingworldofglobalfinance,

insurancehasremaineda

relatively

placidbackwater.

()保險行業在這變幻莫測的世界金融世界里,可謂是相對平靜的與世隔絕之地.

替換表達：comparatively

3-inthefirstplace

詞典釋義：inthefirst/second

place

■usedtoseparate

andemphasizereasonsoropinions

第一／第二,首先／其次

?Idon'twanttogoyet-inthefirst

pla