PAGEPAGE11.好的家庭教養不僅能幫助兒童開發智力,而且有助于幫助他們建立一些個人良好品質,比如自制、勤奮.

GoodParenting

(1.好的家庭教養)notonlyhelpschildren

developintelligence(2.開發智力),butalsohelpsthemdevelopsomegood

personalqualities

(3.個人品質)suchas

self-control

(4.自制)and

diligence(5.勤奮).

1-goodparentingparenting指的是家長對孩子的撫養、培育,除了保證孩子正常生活,還側重關愛、指導.

詞典釋義：parenting

●○○○○1.N-UNCOUNT

不可數名詞

育兒;養育子女

Parenting

istheactivity

ofbringingupandlookingafteryourchild.

【搭配模式】：oft

Nn1.

?Parentingisnot

fullyvaluedbysociety.養兒育女沒有得到社會的充分重視.2.

?...parenting

classes.育兒課程

外刊例句：Maybeifyoudirectlytaxedliteracyand

usedthemoneytosubsidizeilliteracyitwouldbeworse.Youcouldtax

goodparenting

andsubsizechild

abuse.(TheEconomist)

替換詞：upbringing、nurture

學生錯誤表達：(1)goodfamilybreeding點評：這里不能寫成goodfamilybreeding,breeding是指動物的飼養或者人的教養,禮貌,與"家庭教育”有所區別.(2)domesticupbringing點評：domesticupbringing為生造表達,不建議使用.(3)goodfamilymanner點評：manner一般指禮貌、禮儀,不能指家庭教養.

2-developintelligencedevelop作為"(使)開發、發展”,有"逐漸形成”的含義在其中.develop的其它賓語搭配見下方字典.

詞典釋義：3.

FEELING

感覺,Ttostarttohavea

feelingorqualitythatthenbecomesstronger形成,產生：?Hehaddevelopedacertainaffectionforme.他對我產生了某種喜愛之情.developasense/awareness

/knowledgeofsth.?Thechildrenarebeginningtodevelopasenseof

responsibility.這些孩子開始培養責任感.?Itwasincollegethathedevelopedatastefor(=

startedtolike)rugbyfootball.他是在大學里開始喜歡上橄欖球的.4.

SKILL/ABILITY

技術/能力,I,Tifyoudevelopaskill

orability,orifitdevelops,itbecomesstrongerormoreadvanced加強,增強：?Thecourseisdesignedtohelpstudentsdevelop

theirspeakingskills.這門課程旨在幫助學生提高口頭表達能力.

外刊例句：Oneofthebugaboosthatauthorsofsciencefiction

sometimesusetoscaretheirhumanreadersistheideathatantsmay

developintelligence

andtakeover

theEarth.(TheEconomist)

替換詞：playapositiveroleintheintellectualdevelopment

學生錯誤表達：

(1)

developchildren’stalents點評：talent是指人的天資,天賦,與智力不同.(2)

developchildren’smentality點評：mentality是指心態,思想方法,也與智力不同.(3)

explorechildren'sintelligence點評：explore是"探索”,與培養不同.

Intelligence與intellect的區別：Intellect

and

intelligence

both

refermoreexactlyandmoreformallythanmindtomentalability.

Intellect

isusuallyappliedonlytoman,and

suggestsaloftier,morefinelydevelopedandmoreesteemedfacultythanthe

morewidelyused

intelligence,which

generallydenotesinnatecapacitytoperformmentaltasks,toremember,to

solveproblemsandtoperceiverelationships.[Dr.Smithisamanofgreat

intelligence

butProfessorBrownearnsthe

respectofhiscolleaguesforhishigh

intellect.]

Intelligence

isalsothetermpreferred

tosuggestlackofmentalskillsorthedegreetowhichtheyarepossessed

singlyorincombination：aclassoflow

intelligence;

weakinmechanicalskillsbutreflectingabove-average

intelligence;teststodetermineverbal

intelligence

inpre-schoolchildren.

3-personalqualitiespersonalquality是一個固定的表達,一般指認身上的優秀品德,例如寬容、誠實.

詞典釋義：3.N-COUNT

可數名詞

優秀品質;品德

Someone's

qualities

arethegoodcharacteristicsthattheyhavewhicharepartoftheirnature.

【搭配模式】：usu

pl1.

?Sometimesyou

wonderwhereyourkidsgettheirgoodqualities...有時你會想,孩子們身上的優秀品質是從何而來呢?2.

?Hewantedto

introducematurepeoplewithleadershipqualities...他想引進具有領導素質的成熟人才.3.

?Ajobanalysis

shouldalsoincludewhatskillsandpersonalqualitiesarerequired.工作崗位分析也應當包括必備技能與個人素質.

外刊例句：Whenhebecametheparty’sleaderin2012,morewasknown

aboutMrXi’sfamilyand

personal

qualities

thanabouthispolitics.(TheEconomist)Thisdidnothappenbyaccident.MrsPalinhasrare

political

qualities.Sheisbold：

sheembracedtheteapartieswellbeforetheirimpactbecameobvious.(The

Economist)

替換詞：personalitytraits

學生錯誤表達：(1)

personaltraits點評：沒有personaltraits這個表達,應該改為personalitytraits

4-self-control

詞典釋義：self-control

●○○○○1.N-UNCOUNT

不可數名詞

自制力;自我克制

Self-control

istheabilitytonotshowyourfeelingsornotdothethings

thatyourfeelingsmakeyouwanttodo.1.

?His

self-control,reserveand

aloofnesswerealmostinhuman...他自制、矜持和冷漠得幾乎有些不近人情.2.

?Ibegantowish

I'dshownmore

self-control.我開始想當時若是更自制一些就好了.

外刊例句：Empathyis"sugarysoda,temptinganddeliciousandbadfor

us”.Initsstead,MrBloomprescribesanutritiousdietofreason,

compassionand

self-control.(The

Economist)

替換詞：self-discipline/self-restraint

學生錯誤表達：(1)

self-contained點評：self-contained是指"(人)獨立的,自立的”,不能指自控.(2)self-command點評：self-command含義是"鎮定自若,自信”,與自控不同.

5-diligence

詞典釋義：

dili?gence

/

?dilid??ns

/

?

noun

[U]

?(formal)carefulandthoroughworkoreffort

?

勤勉;勤奮;用功：

?Sheshowsgreatdiligenceinher

schoolwork.

她上學非常用功.

外刊例句：BeforethewordmeritocracywascoinedbyMichaelYoung,a

Britishsociologistandinstitutionalentrepreneur,inthe1950stherewasa

differentnameforthenotionthatpower,successandwealthshouldbe

distributedaccordingtotalentand

diligence,

ratherthanbyaccidentofbirth：American.(TheEconomist)

可供替換的表達：assiduity/industriousness

學生錯誤表達：(1)

industrious/hardworking點評：industrious和hardworking都是形容詞,這里應該使用名詞.

Q：

"建立一些個人良好品質”這里的"建立”可以翻譯成"build”嗎?A：

quality的常見搭配為developquality,很少有buildquality的說法,不建議使用.

很多同學寫句子很粗心,本來是句子成分是名詞,卻寫的是其形容詞形式,還有主謂一致問題,經常會犯,希望同學們寫句子回過頭寫完檢查下句子結構和成分,盡量不要犯低級錯誤,如：Thegreatupbringingisnotjustabouthelpingchildrento

developintelligence,butalsoabouthelpingthembuildgoodqualities,such

asself-controlandhard-working.其中hardworking就搞錯詞性.

2.在線學習可以滿足不同學生的需要,符合"因才施教”的教育理念.

Onlinelearning

(1.在線學習)can

suittheneedsof

(2.適應……的需要)differentstudents,

conformingtotheideathat

(3.符合……的理念)studentsshouldbetaught

inaccordancewith

(4.與……相符合)their

aptitudes(5.天資).

1-

onlinelearningonlinelearning是"在線學習”的固定表達,此時online是adj,learning作為動名詞短語側重事物,例如onlinebanking,在線銀行"業務”,類似表達還有online

shopping、onlinechatting;learning

online是動名詞短語/現在分詞短語,其中online是adv,側重的是動作.online和加連字符的on-line通用.

詞典釋義：online(also

on-line)

adjective

[beforenoun]

UK

[??n.la?n]

US

[?ɑ?n.la?n]

describesproducts,servicesorinformationthat

canbeboughtorusedontheInternet

(產品、服務或信息)聯網的,在線的,網上的?an

online

newspaper/magazine/dictionary網上報紙／網絡雜志／在線詞典?online

banking/shopping網上銀行服務／購物

外刊例句：Theconvenience

of

onlinestudy

makesit

especiallysuitableforworkingpeople.AccordingtoPhilRegier,deanof

ArizonaStateUniversity(ASU)Online,themarketforonlinedegreesin

Americaisthe30morso25-to40-year-oldswhodroppedoutofcollegefirst

timeround.(TheEconomist)Oneofthegreat

advantagesof

onlinelearning

is

theabilitytoworkatmassivescale,whichmakesproductionofcourses

studyingthetiniestnichesubjectseconomical.(TheEconomist)

替換詞：distance

learning/onlineeducation/e-learning

2-

suittheneeds

ofsuitneeds、suitsomebody都可以表示"滿足需要”.

詞典釋義：4.VERB

動詞

對…方便;滿足…需要;合…心意

Ifsomething

suits

you,itisconvenientforyouoris

thebestthingforyouinthecircumstances.

【語法信息】：Vn

【搭配模式】：no

cont1.

?Theywillonly

releaseinformationifit

suitsthem...他們只會發布對他們有利的信息.2.

?Theyshouldbe

abletofindyouthebestpackageto

suit

yourneeds.他們應該能提供滿足你需要的最佳套餐.

外刊例句：Ratherthan

beingsofocusedonwealthaccumulation,theassetmanagementindustryneeds

toprovideproductsthat

suitthe

needs

ofindividuals.(TheEconomist)

替換詞：meet/satisfy/fulfill/serve

theneeds/demands/requirementsofsomebody,caterfortheneedsof

學生錯誤表達：(1)

content

differentdemandsofstudents點評：content做動詞時含義是"使滿意,使滿足”,沒有contentdemands這個搭配.

3-

conformtothe

ideathat...conformto/with

something表示"按……方式做事”,idea表示"看法、理念”,這里用theideaofsomething/theideaofdoingsomething,或者同位語從句theideathat...都是可以的.

詞典釋義：UK

[k?n'f?：m]

US

[-'f?：rm]

verb

intransitive

conformto/withsth

■toobeyaruleorreachthenecessarystatedstandard,

ortodothingsinatraditionalway

遵守,遵照;符合,達到;依照?Beforebuyingapram,makesurethatit

conforms

totheofficialsafetystandards.購買嬰兒車之前,要確保它符合官方的安全標準.?Membersmust

conform

toa

strictdresscode.成員們必須遵守嚴格的衣著規定.

外刊例句：Evenduringthe

campaigninWalestherewerecomplaintsthattheWelshToriesdidnothave

thefreedomtocampaignastheywouldhavewished,havingtoconformto

planslaiddownatCentral

OfficeinLondon.(TheEconomist)

學生錯誤表達：(1)catertotheeducationconcept點評：cater

to含義是"迎合(某人的需要)”,不與concept搭配

4-

inaccordance

withaccord的基本含義是"和……相一致、相符合”它的動詞短語形式是accordwith

something

詞典釋義：accordanceUK

[?'k?：.d?nts]

US

[-'k?：r-]

formal

noun

inaccordancewitharule/law/wish/etc.

■followingorobeyingarule/law/wish/etc.

依照規則／法律／意愿等?In

accordance

withher

wishes,shewasburiedinFrance.

按照她的遺愿,人們把她安葬在法國.

外刊例句：TheKremlinhad

warnedthatanattackwascoming."Comradesareworking

inaccordancewith

triedandtestedschemes,”VladimirPutin’s

spokesman,DmitryPeskov,saidlastmonth,predictinganattemptto"rockthe

boat”aheadofelectionsinRussia.(TheEconomist)Employees

increasinglyexpecttobeable,forexample,todress

inaccordancewith

theirfaithwhileatwork,andbegiven

appropriatetimesandplacesforprayer.(TheEconomist)

替換詞：be

congruentwith

5-

aptitudeaptitude指的是天生的、或后天習得的才能,而且尤其是指能夠進一步學習,使人變得更加能勝任某項工作的才能.

詞典釋義：aptitude

●○○○○1.N-VAR

可變名詞

天資;天賦;才能

Someone's

aptitudefor

aparticularkindofworkor

activityistheirabilitytolearnitquicklyandtodoitwell.

【搭配模式】：usu

Nforn/-ing1.

?An

aptitude

forcomputingis

beneficialforstudentstakingthisdegree.計算才能對于攻讀這個學位的學生有益處.2.

?Somestudents

havemore

aptitude

foracademic

workthanothers.一些學生比其他學生更有學術才能.

外刊例句：Ontheother

handitisencouragingschoolstodevelopaspecialism(eg,technologyor

music)andisallowingsuchschoolstoselectupto10%oftheirintakebyaptitude

forthespecialistsubject.Finally,onthe

questionofinnatetalent,theyaskedquestionssuchas,"Beingatopscholar

of[discipline]requiresaspecial

aptitude

thatjustcan’tbetaught”,designedtoelucidatehowimportantrespondents

thoughtitwasintheirown,particularfields.

替換詞：talent

Q：關于連字符,之前有同學cooperation寫成co-operation,加了橫杠,還有這次的online也是,寫成on-line,這樣的寫法對嗎?

A：co-operation以及on-line的寫法都是正確的.我們可以通過查詞典來確定連字符的使用是否正確,舉個例子,在劍橋詞典中可以看到,on-line以及co-operation的寫法都是支持的.

cooperation(UK

also

co-operation)

UK

[k????p.?r'e?.??n]

US

[ko??ɑ：.p?'re?-]

noun

uncountable

online(also

on-line)

adjective

[beforenoun]

UK

[??n.la?n]

US

[?ɑ?n.la?n]

Q："可以"我用的是could,這里我有些不大明白could和can的使用了?

A：can在語氣上比較強烈、肯定,強調能力;could在語氣上比較委婉,不確定,強調可能性.舉個例子：

Mymomcanarriveanytimenow.(表示我媽媽有能力隨時會到,強調能力)Mymomcouldarriveanytime

now.(表示我媽媽現在有可能隨時會到,強調可能性)

回到原文例句,

(1)Online

learningcansuittheneedsof…(2)

Onlinelearningcould

suittheneedsof…

前者強調在線教育可以適應學生的需求,后者強調有能力適應學生的需求.

關于can與could的更多區別可以查閱《英語語法新思維中級教程》

1.要注意名詞的單復數問題,例如Onlinelearningcould

meettheneedsofallsortsofstudent要改為Online

learningcouldmeettheneedsofallsortsofstudents

3.公眾很擔心學生的時間精力被學業占據,以至于難以參與課外活動.Thepublic

areconcernedthat

(1.擔心……)students'timeandenergiesare

takenupwith

(被……占據)schoolwork

tosuchanextentthat

(3.以至于)theycanhardly

participatein

(4.參與)extracurricularactivities(5.課外活動).

1-beconcerned

thatconcern的含義是"使……擔心”,所以不管是在時態中還是在非謂語中的使用,主語是人的情況下需被動.

詞典釋義：concernedUK

[k?n's?：nd]

US

[-'s?：nd]

adjective

憂慮的

■worried

擔心的;憂慮的;掛念的?I'mabit

concerned

about/for

yourhealth.我有點擔心你的健康.?[+(that)]Aren'tyou

concerned

(that)

shemighttellsomeone?難道你不擔心她會跟別人講嗎??[+

to

infinitive]Hewas

concerned

to

hearthattwoofhistrustedworkerswereleaving.聽到他信任的兩名工人要走,他感到擔憂.?Concerned

parentshave

complainedaboutthedangerousplayground.憂心忡忡的家長抱怨那個兒童游樂場太危險.

外刊例句：Thetrustbusters

areconcernedthat

thereis

insufficientcompetition.Fourbigbanks—Barclays,RBS,HSBCandLloyds—dominate

themarket,withacombined77%shareofpersonalcurrentaccounts(and85%

ofbusinessaccounts).(TheEconomist)

替換詞：There

is(agrowing)publicconcernthat...

學生錯誤表達：

(1)

The

publicconcernthat…點評：concern作為動詞時,若取"使某人擔憂”的含義,應該說somethingconcernssomebody,而沒有somebody

concernsthat…的用法.

2-betakenup

withtakeup含義多樣,這里取的是"占據時間”的含義.

詞典釋義：4.tofillaparticular

amountoftimeorspace占據〔一定的時間或空間〕：

betakenupwithsth.?ThelittletimeIhadoutsideofschoolwastakenup

withwork.課外的一點點時間我都用來工作了.takeupspace/room?oldbooksthatweretakingupspaceintheoffice占了辦公室很大空間的舊書

外刊例句：Moreover,even

whenventure-capitalfundsdostumpupbigchunksofmoney,theyusuallyplan

tostayinvestedforjustadecadeorso,thelastyearsofwhich

aretakenupwith

designinganexit

strategy.(TheEconomist)

替換詞：be

occupiedwith

3-tosuchan

extentthat這個表達在寫作中非常實用,對"……以至于……”通常會想起"v.soadv.that...”,這時adv.的選擇可能會成為問題,而tosuchanextentthat可以直接表達這層含義.

詞典釋義：5.PHRASE

短語

(表示強調)到…的地步,到…的程度

Youuseexpressionssuchas

totheextentof

,totheextentthat,or

tosuchanextentthat

inordertoemphasize

thatasituationhasreachedadifficult,dangerous,orsurprisingstage.

【語用信息】：emphasis1.

?Hesaidhedidn't

likethepresident,butnottothe

extent

ofwantingto

killhim...他說他不喜歡總統,但是還沒有到想要刺殺他的地步.2.

?Ibecamepregnant

butthismanwasveryviolenttowardsmetothe

extent

thatIlostour

baby...我懷孕了,但是這個男人對我非常粗暴,致使我流產了.3.

?Ithasincreased

tosuchan

extent

thatGhanacan

nowexportmaize.玉米產量增長得如此迅速,現在加納已經可以出口玉米了.

外刊例句：Intheeventthe

financialstrainhasbeenlifted,andmoneyrateshavefallen

tosuchanextentthat

forthelast

twoweeks,Bankrate,whichfellto6percentonOctober31st,hasbeen

ineffective,threemonths'billshavingfallenthisweektoabare5per

cent.(TheEconomist)

替換詞：so...that...

4-participatein

詞典釋義：participate

●●●○○1.VERB

動詞

參與;參加

Ifyou

participatein

anactivity,youtakepartin

it.

【語法信息】：Vin

n

【語法信息】：V-ing1.

?Theyexpectedhim

to

participate

inthe

ceremony...他們希望他參加典禮.2.

?Overhalfthe

populationofthiscountry

participate

insport.這個國家一半以上的人口參加體育鍛煉.3.

?...specialcontracts

atlowerratesforparticipatingcorporations.為各參與企業提供的低費率特殊合同

外刊例句：InMilford,

Pennsylvania,forexample,DelawareValleyMiddleSchoolhasinstituteda

policyofmandatorydrugtestsforstudentswishingto

participatein

clubsorsports.(TheEconomist)Inthatcase,

tellingtent-dwellingenthusiastsofparticipatorydemocracytogohomeand

actually

participatein

our

democracyamountstotellingthemtosurrendertotheoligarchs.(The

Economist)

替換詞：takepartin

5-

extracurricularactivities這是課外活動的固定表達.extracurricular也可以寫為extra-curricular.

詞典釋義：extracurricularinBRIT,alsouse

英國英語亦用extracurricular1.ADJ

形容詞

課外的

Extracurricular

activities

areactivitiesforstudentsthatarenotpartoftheircourse.

【搭配模式】：ADJ

n

【語域標簽】：FORMAL

正式1.

?Eachchildhad

participatedin

extracurricular

activitiesat

school.每個孩子都參加了學校的課外活動.2.

?...extracurricular

sport.課外體育活動

外刊例句：Hesaysthat

thishasledstudentstogotoevergreaterlengthstodevelopacompetitive

advantageinapplyingforuniversityadmission—takingadvancedplacement

coursesandtestpreparatorycourses,andinvestingheavilyin

extracurricularactivities.(The

Economist)

替換詞：afterschool

activities

(1)thepublic前面的冠詞the一定不能省略,不能寫成public(2)thepublic應該作為復數名詞使用,不能說thepublicis

concernedthat…要說thepublicareconcernedthat…4.有些大學課本雖然嚴謹但卻晦澀難懂,所以作者應該在傳授知識和增強學生學習準確信息的興趣之間取得一個微妙的平衡點.Someuniversitytextbooksare

rigorous

(1.嚴謹)but

impenetrable(2.晦澀難懂),andtheauthorshould

strikeadelicatebalancebetween

(3.在……和……之間取得一個微妙的平衡)impartingknowledgeand

sharpeningstudents’appetite

(4.增強學生的興趣)forlearning

factsandfigures(5.準確信息).

1-rigorousrigorous可以指事物的系統、結構、邏輯嚴謹.

詞典釋義：rigorousUK

['r?g.?r.?s]

US

[-?-]

adjective

縝密的

approving

carefultolookatorconsidereverypartof

somethingtomakecertainitiscorrectorsafe

嚴密的,縝密的;嚴謹的?rigorous

testing/checking/methods精確的測試／嚴格的檢查／嚴謹的方法

外刊例句：Thepaperpoints

outthatmostfinancialresearchappliesatwo-standard-deviation(or"two

sigma”inthejargon)testtoseeiftheresultsarestatistically

significant.Thisisnot

rigorous

enough.(TheEconomist)

學生錯誤表達：(1)Someuniversitytextbooksaresound點評：這里不能用sound來表示"嚴謹”,sound是指"合理的;可靠的”,例如soundadvice/

environmentallysound,與"嚴謹”存在區別.

替換詞：with

rigour

2-impenetrable

詞典釋義：impenetrable[?m'pen.?.tr?.bl]

adjective

■impossibletoseethroughorgothrough

不能看透的;不能穿過的?Outside,thefogwasthickand

impenetrable.外面的霧很濃,甚么也看不見.?an

impenetrable

barrier無法跨越的障礙■impossibletounderstand

費解的,無法理解的?Someofthelyricsontheirlatestalbum

arecompletely

impenetrable.他們最新專輯中的一些歌詞讓人完全看不懂.

外刊例句：Thereare

multiplecomponentstothesefailures,involvingindividualmistakes,

organisationaldysfunction,andsystemsinaccessibletosomeand

impenetrable

tomany.(TheEconomist)

學生錯誤表達：(1)intangible點評：impenetrable不能與intangible(難以描繪的,難以形容的)相混淆.

替換詞：opaque

3-strikea

balancebetweenstrikeabalance可以表達在不易權衡的兩個重要方面努力尋找平衡,如果替換為achieve等動詞,需要把"努力”這層含義表達出來,例如strivetoachieveabalancebetween

詞典釋義：[stra?k]

verb

strikeabalance

■Ifyoustrikeabalancebetweentwothings,youaccept

partsofboththingsinordertosatisfysomeofthedemandsofbothsidesin

anargument,ratherthanallthedemandsofjustoneside

(在爭論中)找到折衷辦法,求得平衡?It'saquestionof

striking

therightbalance

between

qualityandproductivity.問題在于要在品質和生產力之間求得適當的平衡.

外刊例句：Asbrandstryto

strikeabalancebetween

generatinginstantrevenueandrestrictingsupply(whichcreatesdemand,and

morerevenuelater),thesecondarytradethrives.(TheEconomist)

4-impart

knowledge"傳授知識”一般都表達為impartknowledge.

詞典釋義：VERB

動詞

傳授;告知

Ifyou

impart

information

to

people,youtellit

tothem.

【語法信息】：Vn

【語法信息】：Vn

ton

【語域標簽】：FORMAL

正式1.

?Theabilityto

impart

knowledgeand

commandrespectistheessentialqualificationforteachers...具備傳授知識并贏得尊敬的能力是對教師的基本要求.2.

?Iamaboutto

impart

knowledgetoyou

thatyouwillneverforget.我會向你傳授讓你終生牢記的知識.

外刊例句：Thebest

civic-educationclassesdomorethan

impart

knowledge

abouthowgovernmentworks.Theycreateenvironmentsinwhich

pupilsgetusedtothetoolsofdemocracy,suchasdebatingcontroversial

issuesanddisag