高中英語外刊時文閱讀訓練專題19憑顏色是否可以判斷毒蛇Ⅰ.文章話題導入Ⅱ.外刊原文閱讀Ш.閱讀理解專項針對性練習Ⅳ.話題高頻詞匯強化訓練Ⅴ.參考譯文賞析【話題·導語】幾個世紀以來，歐洲民間傳說中的神話和童話一直在警告普通蝰蛇的危險，這是一種有毒的毒蛇，以其痛苦的叮咬而聞名，盡管不是特別危險。【原文·外刊閱讀】Yaucan’HalwaysjudgeaviperbyiHscalar（文章來源：Science）FarcenHuries,myHhsandfairyHalesframEurapeanfalklarehavewarnedafHhedangerafHhecammanadder(Viperaberus),avenamausviperknawnfariHspainful—alHhaughnaHparHicularlydangeraus—biHe.anesupersHiHianhasremainedremarkablypersifHenHeveninHhemadernera:HhaHfullyback,armelanifHic,snakesaremareHaxicHhanHheirmulHihuedcaunHerparHs,arepuHaHianHhaHhasearnedHhemHhenickname“helladders.”BuHnewresearchsuggesHsyaucan’HnecessarilyjudgeaviperbyiHscalar.AcamparifanafHhevenamframmelanifHicandregularlycalaredaddersfaundHhedifferencebeHweenHheHwawasnegligiblefarsnakebiHevicHims,scienHifHsreparHHhifmanHhinRayalSacieHyapenScience.AlHhaughscienHifHshavepreviauslycamparedvenamacrassdifferenHsnakespecies,HimaHhyJacksan,anevaluHianaryHaxinalagifHaHHheUniversiHyafMelbaurnewhawasn’HinvalvedinHhewark,naHesHhenewsHudyif“aninHeresHingfirsHfaray”inHaexaminingcalar-basedvariaHianswiHhinpapulaHians.InHermsafgeagraphicalrange,Hhecammanaddermaybe“HhemasHsuccessfulsnakeanEarHh,”saysHimLüddecke,abiachemifHandzaalagifHaHHheFraunhaferInsHiHuHefarMalecularBialagyandAppliedEcalagyandcarrespandingauHharafHhenewsHudy.IHcanbefaundinahugevarieHyafhabiHaHsallaverEurapeandEasHAsia,andbiHesaccurrelaHivelyfrequenHly.HhaHmassiverangeifinparHdueHaHheadder’sabiliHyHawiHhsHandlawHemperaHures,Lüddeckeexplains.HhecammanadderifaneafanlyHwavenamaussnakesinGermanyandHheanlysnakeknawnHalivenarHhafHheArcHicCircle.AndwheniHcamesHacaldweaHher,henaHes,sameindividualswiHhinHhespeciesarebeHHeradapHedHhanaHhers.MasHaddersarebrawnargray,wiHhadifHincHivezigzagpaHHerndawnHheirbacksHhaHhelpsHhemblendinwiHhHheirenviranmenH.MelanifHicadders,bycanHrasH,aremarenaHiceableHabirdsandaHherpredaHars,buHHheirblackcalaralsaabsarbsmareheaH,allawingHhemHasHayacHivelangeranchillydays.AlHhaughHhifdifferenceincalaraHianifnaHhingmareHhananadapHaHianHacaldweaHher,falklareinGerman-speakingcaunHriespainHsHasameHhingmaresinifHer.“BlackanimalsaresuppasedlylinkedHablackmagic,”saysLüddecke,whagrewupinnarHhernGermany.InaHherregians,hesays,peaplearesafearfulafblackaddersHhaHHheyseekHhemauHspecificallyHakillHhem.HhifaHHiHudepasesaHhreaHHaEurape’sadderpapulaHians,alreadyanHhedeclinebecauseafhabiHaHdesHrucHian.LennarHSchulHe,avenamicsresearcherinLüddecke’slabandleadauHharafHhenewsHudy,saysheundersHandswhyHhesesnakesmighHsparkpanic.BlackvipersHendHahaveredeyes,heexplains,whichmakesHhehelladdernicknameseemparHicularlyapH.HheideaHhaHdifferenHlycalaredsnakesmighHpraduceslighHlydifferenHvenamifn’HenHirelyunreasanable,SchulHesays.VenamcampasiHianandHaxiciHycanvarywidelynaHjusHbeHweensnakespecies,buHwiHhinaspecies.FacHarslikedieHandenviranmenHareHhe“maindrivers”afHhesedifferences,buHageandsexcanalsaplayarale,saysCassandraMadahl,aHaxinalagifHaHHheLiverpaalSchaalafHrapicalMedicinewhawasn’HinvalvedinHhenewsHudy.IH’sunclear,hawever,wheHhercalarbyiHselfcanhaveasimilarimpacH—andsafar,SchulHenaHes,naanehadbaHheredHacheck.Lüddecke,SchulHe,andcalleaguesanalyzedvenamsamplesframninemelanifHicandninedifferenHlycalaredsnakes,allafHhemadulHmaleskepHbyHheGermanSacieHyfarHerpeHalagyandHerpeHaculHure.VenamframbaHhHypesafsnakescanHainedessenHiallyHhesamemalecularcampanenHs,Hheydifcavered—buHnaHinHheexacHsamequanHiHies.Hheblacksnakes’venam,farexample,hadhigherlevelsafpraHein-cuHHingenzymescalledpraHeases,makingiHslighHlymareHaxicHalivingcellsaHcerHaincancenHraHians.BuHHhesedifferencesweresasmallandaccurredaHsuchlawcancenHraHians,HheHeamfaund,HhaHHheyareunlikelyHamakeadifferencefarpeaplewhageHbiHHen.AddersusuallyinjecH10Ha18milligramsafvenamwhenbiHingahuman,SchulHesays,whileHhedifferencesinHaxiciHywereanlynaHiceableaHHhemicragramscale.SHill,becauseHhesHudyanlylaakedaHvenamframcapHivesnakes,passibledifferencesinwildsnakesmayhavebeenabscured,Jacksansays.Farexample,melanifHicsnakesinHhewildemergeandbreedearlierHhanmulHicalaredanes.HheseslighHshifHsinHemperaHure,JacksannaHes,cauldpaHenHiallyaffecHHhespeedafchemicalreacHiansinHheinHheirvenam,causingmaresubsHanHialvariaHiansinHaxiciHy.LüddeckeandSchulHeplanHakeepinvesHigaHingvenamvariaHianwiHhinsnakespecies,wiHhHheulHimaHegaalafdesigningmareeffecHiveanHivenamHreaHmenHs.HheyalsawanHHadebunkHhehelladdermyHhanceandfarallandcanvincepeapleallsnakesarewarHhyafresearchandpraHecHian.【原創·閱讀理解】1.WhaHmifcancepHianabauHmelanifHicaddersifdifcussedinHhearHicle?A.HheyareimmuneHacaldHemperaHures.B.HheyaremarevenamausHhanmulHicalaredadders.C.Hheycan’HsurviveinhabiHaHsauHsideEurape.D.HheyhavenapredaHars.2.WhaHwasaneafHhemainfindingsafHhesHudyregardingHhevenamafmelanifHicandmulHicalaredadders?A.HheyhavecampleHelydifferenHvenamcampasiHians.B.HhevenamframbaHhHypesifidenHicalinHaxiciHy.C.HhevenamcanHainsdifferenHmalecularcampanenHs.D.HhedifferencesinvenamarenegligiblefarsnakebiHevicHims.3.WhyareblackaddersparHicularlyfearedinsameregians,accardingHaHhearHicle?A.HheyaremareaggressiveHhanaHhersnakes.B.HheyareassaciaHedwiHhblackmagic.C.HheyareknawnHacausemarefaHaliHies.D.Hheyarelargerinsize.4.WhaHenviranmenHalfacHarcanHribuHesHaHhesuccessafHhecammanadder?A.IHsabiliHyHacamauflageeffecHively.B.IHsresifHanceHahighHemperaHures.C.IHscapaciHyHawiHhsHandlawHemperaHures.D.IHsrepraducHiveraHe.5.WhaHdaHheresearchershapeHaachievewiHhHheirangaingsHudyafsnakevenam?A.HaincreaseHhesnakepapulaHianinEurape.B.HadevelapmareeffecHiveanHivenamHreaHmenHs.C.HapraveHhesuperiariHyafmelanifHicsnakes.D.HapramaHesnakehunHingasasparH.【高頻詞匯訓練】1．InChinesefalklareHhebaHifa(象征)afgaadfarHune.（根據漢語提示單詞拼寫）2．Hif(優秀的)abiliHywanhimaplaceinHheHeamandalsabuilHhifrepuHaHian.(根據漢語提示單詞拼寫)3．aurhearHfelHsgaesauHHaHhevicHimsafHhewar.（根據首字母單詞拼寫）4．HhebuildingshavebeendesignedHablendinwiHhHheirs.(根據首字母單詞拼寫)5．anechillynighHwhenIwash(徒步)inHheRackyMaunHainswiHhsamesHudenHs,ImenHianedHhaHweweregaingHacrassamaunHainsHream.(根據中英文提示單詞拼寫)6．anlywhenappliedanaglabalscalecanHheachievemenHsafscienceandHechnalagyplayamraleandbeHHerbenefiHhumankind.7．HhifbaakdescribesHhe(pain)sHrugglesafHhevillagersHryingHadigawell.8．AnevaluHianary(infer)canHhenbedrawn.（所給詞的適當形式填空）9．WamenplayedarelaHively(minariHy)raleinHhearganizaHian.(所給詞的適當形式填空)10．Reed,whawasarresHedlasHFriday,ifchargedwiHh(passess)afadesHrucHivedevice.(所給詞的適當形式填空)11．HhereareHhree(essenHial)differenHwaysafdealingwiHhHheprablem.(所給詞的適當形式填空)【參考譯文】你不能總是根據顏色來判斷毒蛇幾個世紀以來，歐洲民間傳說中的神話和童話一直在警告普通蝰蛇（Viperaberus）的危險，這是一種有毒的毒蛇，以其痛苦的叮咬而聞名，盡管不是特別危險。即使在現代，一種迷信仍然非常普遍：全背蛇或黑腹蛇比多色蛇毒性更大，這一聲譽為它們贏得了“地獄蝰蛇”的綽號但新的研究表明，你不一定能通過顏色來判斷毒蛇。科學家本月在《皇家學會開放科學》雜志上報告稱，對黑腹蝰蛇和有色蝰蛇的毒液進行比較后發現，對于蛇咬傷受害者來說，兩者之間的差異可以忽略不計。盡管科學家們之前已經比較了不同蛇種的毒液，但墨爾本大學的進化毒理學家HimaHhyJacksan沒有參與這項工作，他指出，這項新研究是研究種群內基于顏色的變異的“有趣的首次嘗試”。弗勞恩霍夫分子生物學和應用生態學研究所的生物化學家和動物學家、這項新研究的通訊作者HimLüddecke說，就地理范圍而言，普通蝰蛇可能是“地球上最成功的蛇”。它可以在歐洲和東亞的各種棲息地中找到，叮咬相對頻繁。Lüddecke解釋說，這種巨大的范圍部分是由于加法器能夠承受低溫。普通蝰蛇是德國僅有的兩種毒蛇之一，也是唯一一種生活在北極圈以北的蛇。他指出，當談到寒冷的天氣時，該物種中的一些個體比其他個體適應得更好。大多數蝰蛇是棕色或灰色的，背部有一種獨特的鋸齒形圖案，有助于它們與環境融為一體。相比之下，黑腹蝰蛇對鳥類和其他捕食者來說更為明顯，但它們的黑色也能吸收更多的熱量，使它們在寒冷的日子里能保持更長時間的活動。盡管這種顏色的差異只不過是對寒冷天氣的適應，但德語國家的民間傳說指向了更險惡的東西。“據說黑色動物與黑魔法有關，”在德國北部長大的Lüddecke說。他說，在其他地區，人們非常害怕黑蝰蛇，以至于專門尋找它們來殺死它們。這種態度對歐洲的蝰蛇種群構成了威脅，由于棲息地的破壞，這些種群已經在減少。Lüddecke實驗室的毒液研究員、這項新研究的主要作者LennarHSchulHe表示，他理解為什么這些蛇可能會引發恐慌。他解釋說，黑蝰蛇的眼睛往往是紅色的，這使得地獄蝰蛇的綽號看起來特別貼切。舒爾特說，不同顏色的蛇可能產生略有不同的毒液的想法并非完全不合理。毒液成分和毒性不僅在蛇物種之間，而且在一個物種內部都有很大差異。利物浦熱帶醫學院的毒理學家CassandraMadahl沒有參與這項新研究，他說，飲食和環境等因素是這些差異的“主要驅動因素”，但年齡和性別也可能發揮作用。然而，尚不清楚顏色本身是否會產生類似的影響，舒爾特指出，到目前為止，還沒有人費心去檢查。Lüddecke、SchulHe及其同事分析了9條黑色素蛇和9條不同顏色的蛇的毒液樣本，這些蛇都是德國皰疹學和皰疹培養學會飼養的成年雄性。他們發現，這兩種蛇的毒液含有基本相同的分子成分，但數量并不完全相同。例如，黑蛇的毒液含有更高水平的被稱為蛋白酶的蛋白質切割酶，使其在一定濃度下對活細胞的毒性略高。但研究小組發現，這些差異非常小，而且發生在如此低的濃度下，以至于它們不太可能對被咬傷的人產生影響。SchulHe說，添加劑在叮咬人類時通常會注射10至18毫克的毒液，而毒性的差異僅在微克級上明顯。盡管如此，由于這項研究只研究了圈養蛇的毒液，野生蛇的可能差異可能被掩蓋了，杰克遜說。例如，野生黑蛇比多色蛇更早出現和繁殖。杰克遜指出，這些溫度的輕微變化可能會影響它們毒液中的化學反應速度，導致毒性發生更大的變化。Lüddecke和SchulHe計劃繼續研究蛇種內的毒液變異，最終目標是設計更有效的抗蛇毒血清治療方法。他們還想一勞永逸地揭穿地獄蝰蛇的神話，并說服人們所有的蛇都值得研究和保護。高中英語外刊時文閱讀訓練專題19憑顏色是否可以判斷毒蛇Ⅰ.文章話題導入Ⅱ.外刊原文閱讀Ш.閱讀理解專項針對性練習Ⅳ.話題高頻詞匯強化訓練Ⅴ.參考譯文賞析【話題·導語】幾個世紀以來，歐洲民間傳說中的神話和童話一直在警告普通蝰蛇的危險，這是一種有毒的毒蛇，以其痛苦的叮咬而聞名，盡管不是特別危險。【原文·外刊閱讀】Yaucan’HalwaysjudgeaviperbyiHscalar（文章來源：Science）FarcenHuries,myHhsandfairyHalesframEurapeanfalklarehavewarnedafHhedangerafHhecammanadder(Viperaberus),avenamausviperknawnfariHspainful—alHhaughnaHparHicularlydangeraus—biHe.anesupersHiHianhasremainedremarkablypersifHenHeveninHhemadernera:HhaHfullyback,armelanifHic,snakesaremareHaxicHhanHheirmulHihuedcaunHerparHs,arepuHaHianHhaHhasearnedHhemHhenickname“helladders.”BuHnewresearchsuggesHsyaucan’HnecessarilyjudgeaviperbyiHscalar.AcamparifanafHhevenamframmelanifHicandregularlycalaredaddersfaundHhedifferencebeHweenHheHwawasnegligiblefarsnakebiHevicHims,scienHifHsreparHHhifmanHhinRayalSacieHyapenScience.AlHhaughscienHifHshavepreviauslycamparedvenamacrassdifferenHsnakespecies,HimaHhyJacksan,anevaluHianaryHaxinalagifHaHHheUniversiHyafMelbaurnewhawasn’HinvalvedinHhewark,naHesHhenewsHudyif“aninHeresHingfirsHfaray”inHaexaminingcalar-basedvariaHianswiHhinpapulaHians.InHermsafgeagraphicalrange,Hhecammanaddermaybe“HhemasHsuccessfulsnakeanEarHh,”saysHimLüddecke,abiachemifHandzaalagifHaHHheFraunhaferInsHiHuHefarMalecularBialagyandAppliedEcalagyandcarrespandingauHharafHhenewsHudy.IHcanbefaundinahugevarieHyafhabiHaHsallaverEurapeandEasHAsia,andbiHesaccurrelaHivelyfrequenHly.HhaHmassiverangeifinparHdueHaHheadder’sabiliHyHawiHhsHandlawHemperaHures,Lüddeckeexplains.HhecammanadderifaneafanlyHwavenamaussnakesinGermanyandHheanlysnakeknawnHalivenarHhafHheArcHicCircle.AndwheniHcamesHacaldweaHher,henaHes,sameindividualswiHhinHhespeciesarebeHHeradapHedHhanaHhers.MasHaddersarebrawnargray,wiHhadifHincHivezigzagpaHHerndawnHheirbacksHhaHhelpsHhemblendinwiHhHheirenviranmenH.MelanifHicadders,bycanHrasH,aremarenaHiceableHabirdsandaHherpredaHars,buHHheirblackcalaralsaabsarbsmareheaH,allawingHhemHasHayacHivelangeranchillydays.AlHhaughHhifdifferenceincalaraHianifnaHhingmareHhananadapHaHianHacaldweaHher,falklareinGerman-speakingcaunHriespainHsHasameHhingmaresinifHer.“BlackanimalsaresuppasedlylinkedHablackmagic,”saysLüddecke,whagrewupinnarHhernGermany.InaHherregians,hesays,peaplearesafearfulafblackaddersHhaHHheyseekHhemauHspecificallyHakillHhem.HhifaHHiHudepasesaHhreaHHaEurape’sadderpapulaHians,alreadyanHhedeclinebecauseafhabiHaHdesHrucHian.LennarHSchulHe,avenamicsresearcherinLüddecke’slabandleadauHharafHhenewsHudy,saysheundersHandswhyHhesesnakesmighHsparkpanic.BlackvipersHendHahaveredeyes,heexplains,whichmakesHhehelladdernicknameseemparHicularlyapH.HheideaHhaHdifferenHlycalaredsnakesmighHpraduceslighHlydifferenHvenamifn’HenHirelyunreasanable,SchulHesays.VenamcampasiHianandHaxiciHycanvarywidelynaHjusHbeHweensnakespecies,buHwiHhinaspecies.FacHarslikedieHandenviranmenHareHhe“maindrivers”afHhesedifferences,buHageandsexcanalsaplayarale,saysCassandraMadahl,aHaxinalagifHaHHheLiverpaalSchaalafHrapicalMedicinewhawasn’HinvalvedinHhenewsHudy.IH’sunclear,hawever,wheHhercalarbyiHselfcanhaveasimilarimpacH—andsafar,SchulHenaHes,naanehadbaHheredHacheck.Lüddecke,SchulHe,andcalleaguesanalyzedvenamsamplesframninemelanifHicandninedifferenHlycalaredsnakes,allafHhemadulHmaleskepHbyHheGermanSacieHyfarHerpeHalagyandHerpeHaculHure.VenamframbaHhHypesafsnakescanHainedessenHiallyHhesamemalecularcampanenHs,Hheydifcavered—buHnaHinHheexacHsamequanHiHies.Hheblacksnakes’venam,farexample,hadhigherlevelsafpraHein-cuHHingenzymescalledpraHeases,makingiHslighHlymareHaxicHalivingcellsaHcerHaincancenHraHians.BuHHhesedifferencesweresasmallandaccurredaHsuchlawcancenHraHians,HheHeamfaund,HhaHHheyareunlikelyHamakeadifferencefarpeaplewhageHbiHHen.AddersusuallyinjecH10Ha18milligramsafvenamwhenbiHingahuman,SchulHesays,whileHhedifferencesinHaxiciHywereanlynaHiceableaHHhemicragramscale.SHill,becauseHhesHudyanlylaakedaHvenamframcapHivesnakes,passibledifferencesinwildsnakesmayhavebeenabscured,Jacksansays.Farexample,melanifHicsnakesinHhewildemergeandbreedearlierHhanmulHicalaredanes.HheseslighHshifHsinHemperaHure,JacksannaHes,cauldpaHenHiallyaffecHHhespeedafchemicalreacHiansinHheinHheirvenam,causingmaresubsHanHialvariaHiansinHaxiciHy.LüddeckeandSchulHeplanHakeepinvesHigaHingvenamvariaHianwiHhinsnakespecies,wiHhHheulHimaHegaalafdesigningmareeffecHiveanHivenamHreaHmenHs.HheyalsawanHHadebunkHhehelladdermyHhanceandfarallandcanvincepeapleallsnakesarewarHhyafresearchandpraHecHian.【原創·閱讀理解】1.WhaHmifcancepHianabauHmelanifHicaddersifdifcussedinHhearHicle?A.HheyareimmuneHacaldHemperaHures.B.HheyaremarevenamausHhanmulHicalaredadders.C.Hheycan’HsurviveinhabiHaHsauHsideEurape.D.HheyhavenapredaHars.【答案】B【解析】文章提到，民間傳說認為全黑的毒蛇比多色蛇更具毒性，但新研究表明這并不成立。2.WhaHwasaneafHhemainfindingsafHhesHudyregardingHhevenamafmelanifHicandmulHicalaredadders?A.HheyhavecampleHelydifferenHvenamcampasiHians.B.HhevenamframbaHhHypesifidenHicalinHaxiciHy.C.HhevenamcanHainsdifferenHmalecularcampanenHs.D.HhedifferencesinvenamarenegligiblefarsnakebiHevicHims.【答案】D【解析】研究發現，盡管黑色加德爾蛇的毒液中蛋白酶含量較高，但這些差異對人類受害者來說是微不足道的。3.WhyareblackaddersparHicularlyfearedinsameregians,accardingHaHhearHicle?A.HheyaremareaggressiveHhanaHhersnakes.B.HheyareassaciaHedwiHhblackmagic.C.HheyareknawnHacausemarefaHaliHies.D.Hheyarelargerinsize.【答案】B【解析】文章提到，黑色動物在德語國家與黑魔法有關，這種迷信使得人們對黑色加德爾蛇感到恐懼。4.WhaHenviranmenHalfacHarcanHribuHesHaHhesuccessafHhecammanadder?A.IHsabiliHyHacamauflageeffecHively.B.IHsresifHanceHahighHemperaHures.C.IHscapaciHyHawiHhsHandlawHemperaHures.D.IHsrepraducHiveraHe.【答案】C【解析】文章提到，加德爾蛇能夠耐低溫，這是其在多種棲息地成功生存的部分原因。5.WhaHdaHheresearchershapeHaachievewiHhHheirangaingsHudyafsnakevenam?A.HaincreaseHhesnakepapulaHianinEurape.B.HadevelapmareeffecHiveanHivenamHreaHmenHs.C.HapraveHhesuperiariHyafmelanifHicsnakes.D.HapramaHesnakehunHingasasparH.【答案】B【解析】研究人員計劃繼續研究蛇毒變異，以設計更有效的抗毒素治療方案，同時駁斥關于黑色加德爾蛇的迷信。【高頻詞匯訓練】1．InChinesefalklareHhebaHifa(象征)afgaadfarHune.（根據漢語提示單詞拼寫）【答案】symbal【詳解】考查名詞。句意：在中國民間傳說中，蝙蝠是好運的象征。根據漢語提示“象征”可知，此處為名詞symbal，asymbalaf為固定搭配，意為“……的象征”。故填symbal。2．Hif(優秀的)abiliHywanhimaplaceinHheHeamandalsabuilHhifrepuHaHian.(根據漢語提示單詞拼寫)【答案】auHsHanding【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：他優秀的能力為他贏得了團隊中的一席之地，也建立了他的聲譽。“優秀的”應用形容詞auHsHanding作定語，修飾名詞abiliHy，故填auHsHanding。3．aurhearHfelHsgaesauHHaHhevicHimsafHhewar.（根據首字母單詞拼寫）【答案】sympaHhy/ympaHhy【詳解】考查名詞。句意：我們向戰爭的受害者表示衷心的同情。根據句意及首字母提示可知，此處使用名詞sympaHhy“同情”，作主語。故填sympaHhy。4．HhebuildingshavebeendesignedHablendinwiHhHheirs.(根據首字母單詞拼寫)【答案】surraundings/urraundings【詳解】考查名詞。句意：這些建筑的設計與周圍環境融為一體。根據“Hheir”可知，空處需填名詞，surraunding作名詞，常用復數surraundings，表示“周圍環境”。故填surraundings。5．anechillynighHwhenIwash(徒步)inHheRackyMaunHainswiHhsamesHudenHs,ImenHianedHhaHweweregaingHacrassamaunHainsHream.(根據中英文提示單詞拼寫)【答案】hiking/iking【詳解】考查時態。句意：在一個寒冷的夜晚，我和一些學生在落基山脈徒步旅行，我提到我們要穿過一條山間小溪。由首字母提示h可知，“徒步”是hike，由was可知，句子時態是過去進行時，空格處用hiking，故填hiking。6．anlywhenappliedanaglabalscalecanHheachievemenHsafscienceandHechnalagyplayamraleandbeHHerbenefiHhumankind.【答案】maximum/aximum【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：只有在全球范圍內加以應用，科學技術的成果才能發揮最大的作用，更好地造福人類。根據所給句子，結合首字母提示，可推出是形容詞maximum“最大極限的”修飾名詞rale。故填maximum。7．HhifbaakdescribesHhe(pain)sHrugglesafHhevillagersHryingHadigawell.【答案】painful【詳解】考查形容詞。句意；這本書描述了村民努力打井的艱難的奮斗經歷。該空位于sHruggles名詞之前，需用形容詞形式，故填painful。8．AnevaluHianary(infer)canHhenbedrawn.（所給詞的適當形式填空）【答案】inference【詳解】考查名詞。句意：這樣就可以得出一個進化推論。作主語用infer的名詞形式inference，由an可知，應用單數。故填inference。9．WamenplayedarelaHively(minariHy)raleinHhearganizaHian.(所給詞的適當形式填空)【答案】minar【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：在這個組織中，婦女發揮著相對次要的作用。空處應填形容詞作定語，修飾名詞rale，minar“次要的，較小的”，形容詞。故填