PAGE11-Unit3Onthemove1．surfv．沖浪→surfingn．沖浪(運動)2．representv．代表，表示→representationn．代表，描繪→representativen．代表adj.典型的，有代表性的3．basev．以……為基礎→basisn．基礎；依據→basicadj.基礎的；依據的→basicallyadv.主要地，基本地4．equipv．裝備，配備→equipmentn．裝備，設備，用具5．defendv．(在競賽中)防守，防衛→defencen．防守；防衛6．diev．死，死亡→deadadj.死的→deathn．死，死亡→dyingadj.快要死的1．representv．代表，表示；描述，描繪①Mr.Blackwaschosentorepresentthecompanyattheconference. 代表②ThispaintingrepresentsthefirstsettlersarrivinginAmerica. 描述，描繪③Thisessayrepresentsaconsiderableimprovementonyourrecentwork. 表明，表示2．goaln．球門；進球得分；目標，目的①Hewillkeepgoalinthefootballmatchtomorrow. 球門②Thecrowdcheeredwhenthehometeamscoredagoal. 進球得分③Youshouldsetyourselfagoalatthebeginningofeachschoolyear. 目標，目的WordsandPhraseseq\a\vs4\al(學問要點1)representv．代表，表示，描述，描繪；意味著(教材P26)Talkaboutwhatyouthinkthesethingsrepresentinafootballgame.談談你認為這些東西在足球競賽中代表什么。[例1]Theannual-ringsrepresenttheamountofwoodformedeachyear.年輪代表著每年生成的木材量。[例2]Thefiguresrepresentageneraldeclineinemployment.這些數字意味著就業人數總體在下降。[造句]地圖上的紅線表示鐵路。Theredlinesonthemaprepresentrailways.[學問拓展](1)represent．．．with．．． 用……代表……represent．．．as．．． 把……描述成……representoneselfas 自稱是……(2)representationn. 代表；描述representativen. 代表adj. 典型的，有代表性的berepresentativeof 代表……的[即學即練]單句語法填空①Thearticlerepresentsthemillionaireasasimplefamilyman.②Thisnovelisavividrepresentation(represent)ofthedarknessofthatperiod.③Thiscaseisrepresentativeoftheattitudesofthepolice.eq\a\vs4\al(學問要點2)basisn．基礎；依據(教材P26)Thatfootballissuchasimplegametoplayisperhapsthebasisofitspopularity.足球是一項如此簡潔的運動，這或許是它受歡迎的基礎。[例1]Thebasisofheropinionissomethingshereadinthemagazine.她的看法的依據是從雜志里看來的。[例2]Thearticlewillformthebasisforourdiscussion.這篇文章將形成我們探討的基礎。[造句]我的理論是以牢靠的事實作為依據的。Mytheoryisestablishedonthesolidbasisoffacts.[學問拓展](1)onthebasisof 在……的基礎上，依據……onaregularbasis 定期(2)basev. 以……為依據bebasedon 以……為基礎[即學即練]單句語法填空①Don'tevaluateapersononthebasisofappearance.②Isuggestedthatwemeetonaregularbasistodiscusstheprogress.③Thenovelisbased(base)onhistoricalfacts.eq\a\vs4\al(學問要點3)equipmentn．裝備，設備，用具(教材P26)Youdon'tneedexpensiveequipment;eventheballdoesn'thavetocostmuchmoney.你不須要昂貴的設備，甚至球也不須要花許多錢。[例1]Thegovernmenthasaninterestinbringinginnewequipment.政府對引進新設備特別感愛好。[例2]Withthemodernequipment，ourworkwasfinishedaheadoftime.有了現代設備，我們的工作提前完成了。[造句]試驗室起火后，大量設備被損壞了。Afterafirebrokeoutinthelab，alotofequipmentwasdamaged.[學問拓展](1)apiece/setofequipment 一件/套設備(2)equipvt. 裝備equip．．．with．．． 用……裝備……beequippedwith 裝備著……[即學即練]單句語法填空①Asstudents，weshouldequipourselveswithknowledge.②Ournewschoolisequipped(equip)withallthenecessariesinteaching.③Ihavebeenbusypreparingallthebrokenofficeequipment(equip)thesedays.[小片段助記]Ourschoolisequippedwithadvancedteachingequipment.eq\a\vs4\al(學問要點4)contentn．滿足，滿足；內容v．使滿足，使滿足adj.滿足的，滿足的(教材P26)Allovertheworldyoucanseekidsplayingtotheirhearts'contentwithaballmadeofplasticbags;justlikePelédidwhenhewasaboy.在世界各地，你都可以看到孩子們盡情地玩著一個由塑料袋做成的球，就像貝利小時候那樣。[例1]Thisisagoodbookasfarasitscontentisconcerned.就內容來說，這是一本好書。[例2]Weshouldnevercontentourselveswithbookknowledgeonly.我們恒久不要僅僅滿足于書本學問。[造句]我們可以在河里盡情地游泳。Wecanswimintherivertoourhearts'content.[學問拓展](1)toone'sheart'scontent 盡情地，心滿足足地(2)contentoneselfwith 使自己滿足于(3)becontentwithsth. 滿足于某事becontenttodosth. 滿足于做某事(4)contents 所含之物；(書的)書目[即學即練]單句語法填空①Shedroppedherpurseandthecontents(content)felloutonthefloor.②Asthereisnobutter，weshallhavetocontentourselveswithdrybread.③Myparentsarecontenttolive(live)inthecountryside，wheretheairiscleanandvegetablesarefresh.eq\a\vs4\al(學問要點5)defendv．(在競賽中)防守，防衛；愛護，保衛；辯護(教材P26)Youdonothavetobeafantorecognisetheskillofprofessionalplayers—howtheyusetheirbodiestopass，scoreanddefendcanbeamazingtosee．．．你不必是一個球迷就能相識到職業球員的技術——看到他們如何利用身體傳球、得分和防守是令人驚異的……[例1]Thebestwaytodefendistoattack.最好的防衛就是進攻。[例2]Wewilldefendourmotherlandtothelastdropofourblood.我們愿為保衛祖國流盡最終一滴血。[造句]無論付出什么樣的代價，我們都要捍衛我們的城市。Weshalldefendourcity，whateverthecostmaybe.[學問拓展](1)defend．．．from/against．．． 愛護……免受……；保衛……抵擋……(2)defencen. 防衛；保衛；防衛物indefenceof 保衛……；為……辯護[即學即練]單句語法填空①Thewallwasbuilttodefendtheroadfrombeingwashed(wash)awaybythesea.②Whenhewasindanger，twofriendscametohisdefence(defend)．③Moreandmorewomentodayhavelearnedtoariseindefenceoftheirlegalrights.[小片段助記]Intimeofwar，lotsofmoneywillbespentondefenceandmanymeasureswillbetakentodefendacountryfrombeingattacked.eq\a\vs4\al(學問要點6)putdown放下；登記；鎮壓(教材P27)WorldWarⅠhadbrokenoutmonthsbefore，butBritishandGermansoldiersputdowntheirgunsandplayedfootballtogether．．．第一次世界大戰在幾個月前就爆發了，但是英國和德國的士兵放下他們的槍，一起踢足球……[例1]LetmeputdownyourtelephonenumberincaseIforgetit.讓我登記你的電話號碼以免遺忘。[例2]Theytriedtoputdowntherebellionbyforce.他們試圖用暴力鎮壓叛亂。[造句]把那把刀子放下，以免傷人！Putdownthatknifebeforeyouhurtsomebody![學問拓展]putaway 把……收起來，儲存putout 熄滅；撲滅；出版；生產putoff 推遲；延期putup 舉起，張貼；供應(價格)；留宿某人putupwith 忍受[即學即練]單句語法填空①Don'tputofftilltomorrowwhatcanbedonetoday.②Putawaythetoolsafterwork，willyou?③Smokingisforbiddenhere.Pleaseputyourcigaretteout．④Maryisreallygoodattakingnotesinclass.Shecanputdownalmosteverywordherteachersays.eq\a\vs4\al(學問要點7)conflictn．武裝沖突，戰斗，斗爭，沖突，沖突v．沖突，沖突，抵觸(教材P27)．．．onemomentofpeacetorememberduringyearsofconflict.……這是多年沖突中值得紀念的和平常刻。[例1]Armedconflictmaybreakoutatanymoment.武裝沖突有不堪一擊之勢。[例2]Thetwostoriesconflicted，soIdidnotknowwhattobelieve.兩個故事相沖突，我不知道信任哪一個。[造句]兩國間的沖突最終導致了一場斗爭。Theconflictbetweenthetwocountriesfinallycausedawar.[學問拓展](1)armed/militaryconflict 武裝/軍事沖突comeintoconflictwith 與……發生沖突inconflictwith 與……相沖突(2)conflictwith 與……發生沖突[即學即練]單句語法填空①Sheoftencomesintoconflictwithhermother-in-law.②Shefoundherselfinconflictwithherparentsoverherfuturecareer.③Ifso，yourpointsofviewareboundtoconflictwithhis.eq\a\vs4\al(學問要點8)amatterof關乎……的事情(教材P27)Somepeoplebelievefootballisamatteroflifeanddeath，．．．有些人認為足球是關系重大的事情，……[例1]Itakethisseriously.It'samatterofprinciple.我對此很仔細。這是原則問題。[例2]It'samatterofluckwhetherwearesuccessful.我們是否勝利是碰運氣的事。[造句]這是生死攸關的大事，不行掉以輕心。It'samatteroflifeanddeath，andwecan'ttreatitlightly.[學問拓展]amatterofopinion 看法(不同的)問題asamatteroffact 事實上asamatterofinterest 出于愛好tomakemattersworse 使狀況更糟的是[即學即練]單句語法填空①Asamatteroffact，Iknownothingaboutthisbook.②Ilostmywayintheforest，andtomakemattersworse(bad)，itbecamedark.③Whetherornotheisanygoodasamanagerisamatterofopinion.SentencePatternseq\a\vs4\al(重點句式1)giventhat引導條件狀語從句(教材P26)GiventhatNeilArmstrongwantedtotakeafootballtotheMoon，wecouldevensaythatitisalsothemostpopularsportoutofthisworld!考慮到尼爾·阿姆斯特朗想把足球帶到月球上，我們甚至可以說它也是地球之外最受歡迎的運動！句式分析：giventhat意為“考慮到，鑒于，假如，倘如，只要”，用作連詞引導條件狀語從句。[例1]Giventhatyouhadverylittlehelp，Ithinkyoudidverywellunderthecircumstances.考慮到你幫手不多，我想在這種狀況下，你已經干得不錯了。[例2]Giventhatthereisnotrafficdelay，Iwillbethereontime.只要沒有交通堵塞，我會按時到那兒。[造句]假如他能再一次得到機會的話，他確定會勝利的。Giventhathecangetanotherchance，hewillsurelysucceed.[學問拓展]與giventhat用法類似的還有：provided(that)．．．＝providing(that)．．． 倘如；在……狀況/條件下suppose/supposing(that)．．． 倘如；在……狀況/條件下[翻譯]Youcanusetheroomproviding/provided/supposingthatyoukeepitcleanandtidy(只要你保持干凈整齊)．[即學即練]單句語法填空①Iwillaccompanyyouprovided/providing(provide)thatIamwellenough.②Given(give)thathe'shadsixmonthstodothis，hehasn'tmademuchprogress.③Suppose/Supposing(suppose)thatwemissthetrain，whatshallwedo?eq\a\vs4\al(重點句式2)it作形式主語，不定式短語作真正的主語(教材P28)Itisamazingtoseehowprofessionalplayersusetheirbodiestopass，scoreanddefend.看職業球員如何利用身體傳球、得分和防守是令人驚異的。句式分析：Itisamazingtosee．．．是句式“Itis＋adj.＋todosth.”意為“做某事是……的”，其中it作形式主語，不定式短語作真正的主語。[例1]Itisinterestingtolookatdifferencesbetweenschoolsindifferentcountries.了解不同國家的學校之間的差異是很好玩的。[例2]Itisnoteasytomakehimchangehismind.讓他變更辦法不簡潔。[造句]在這么短的時間內完成這項工作很難。Itishardtofinishtheworkinsuchashorttime.[學問拓展](1)在Itis＋adj.＋forsb.todosth.句型中，形容詞只能說明不定式所表示的行為的性質或特點，不能說明不定式動作的執行者。能用于該結構的形容詞有：difficult，easy，hard，important，impossible，necessary，possible等。(2)在Itis＋adj.＋ofsb.todosth.句型中，形容詞說明不定式邏輯主語的品德、性格、性質等，該句型通常可改為：sb.＋be＋adj.＋todosth.。能用于該結構的形容詞有：nice，good，stupid，silly，careful等。(3)Itis＋n．＋todosth.做某事是……Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.某人花費某些時間做某事[翻譯]①Sometimesit'snecessaryforchildrentomaketheirownchoices(孩子們有必要做出他們自己的選擇)．②Itiscarelessofyoutomakesomanymistakes(你犯了這么多錯誤太馬虎了)inyourcomposition.③It'sapleasuretotalkwithyou(和你談話是件開心的事)．[即學即練]單句語法填空①Itismuchmoredifficulttojudge(judge)oneselfthantojudgeothers.②ItisnecessaryforustopractisespeakingEnglisheveryday.③Itwascrazyofyoutogoskatingonsuchthinice.④Ittookthemabouthalfanhourtoworkoutthedifficultmathsproblem.1．(教材P26)FootballasweknowittodaystartedinGreatBritain，wherethegamewasgivennewrules.分析：此句為主從復合句。FootballstartedinGreatBritain是句子的主干，其中asweknowittoday是as引導的定語從句修飾先行詞Football；逗號后面為where引導的非限制性定語從句修飾先行詞GreatBritain。譯文：我們今日所知道的足球運動起源于英國，在那里競賽被給予了新的規則。2．(教材P26)Thatfootballissuchasimplegametoplayisperhapsthebasisofitspopularity.分析：此句為主從復合句。Thatfootballissuchasimplegametoplay是that引導的主語從句，其中toplay為不定式作定語修飾game；后面的isperhapsthebasis．．．構成系表結構。譯文：足球是一項特別簡潔的運動，這或許是它受歡迎的基礎。教材高考1.Talkaboutwhatyouthinkthesethingsrepresentinafootballgame.(2024·天津卷)Ifspecialclothesareused，theyshouldtrulyrepresentagivenperiod.2.Goalswerehungintheair.FootballasweknowittodaystartedinGreatBritain．．．(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)Motivationandgoalsettingarethetwosidesofsamecoin.3.Thatfootballissuchasimplegametoplayisperhapsthebasisofitspopularity.(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)“Smalltalkisthebasisofgoodmanners，”hesays.4.Youdon'tneedexpensiveequipment;eventheballdoesn'thavetocostmuchmoney.(2024·江蘇卷)．．．developingcountriestobuycomputerequipmentandInternetfacilities.5.Allovertheworldyoucanseekidsplayingtotheirhearts'contentwithaball．．．(2024·全國卷Ⅲ)Questionsaboutsubjectcontentaregenerallywelcomed.6.Anotherfactorbehindfootball'sglobalpopularityisthecreativityandexcitementonthefield.(2024·浙江卷)．．．accordingtoastudytobepublishedTuesdayandclimatechangeseemstobeamajorfactor(因素).7．．．.howtheyusetheirbodiestopass，scoreanddefendcanbeamazingtosee．．．(2024·浙江卷)．．．oneofStein'sjobsisdefendinganindustrybehindtheplasticshoppingbag.8．．．.onemomentofpeacetorememberduringyearsofconflict.(2024·北京卷)．．．whoseobjectivesconflictwithourown，withtherealworldasthechessboard.9.Somepeoplebelievefootballisamatteroflifeanddeath，．．．(2024·天津卷)Shehadrequestedthecommunitytoturnitintoamuseumuponherdeath.Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Notmanypeoplelovesurfing(surf)ontheInternet.2．Don'tbecontentwithsuchasmallsuccess.3．Acomputeristhemostimportantpieceofequipment(equip)youwillbuy.4．Ithinkweshouldconsiderthetwofactors(factor)abouttheproblem.5．Whatpointscanberaisedindefence(defend)ofthisargument?6．Ihavethehonorofbeingsentastheirrepresentative(represent)．7．Yourstatementisinconflictwiththerestoftheevidence.8．Somevideoshavebeenbannedonthebasisthattheyaretooviolent.9．It'simpossibleformetobe(be)therebeforeeight.10．Given(give)thatthecontractisstrictlycarriedout，wewillgiveyouanotherbiggercontract.Ⅱ.短語填空goback，beknownas，toone'sheart'scontent，endwith，what'smore，breakdown，take．．．forexample，breakout，putdown，amatterof1．Myinterestinstampcollectinggoesbacktomyschooldays.2．Sheisknownasasuccessfulsingerandcomposer.3．Thequalityoftheambulanceserviceisamatteroflifeanddeath.4．It'sausefulbook，andwhat'smore，notanexpensiveone.5．Notlongafterhisreturn，alocalwarbrokeoutnearhistown.6．Sheputdownthephone，sighed，an