2024北京理工大附中高二10月月考英語第一部分：語言知識（共3節，分）第一節單詞填空（共8小題，每小題1分，共8分）根據括號內漢語提示，用單詞正確形式填空。1.IknowthatIa________student,butIslowlearnnewthings.(自愿的)(根據漢語提示單詞拼寫)2.thingaboutbeingateacheristhatyouhave________tomindswhentheyareopenandeagerlearn.(接近)(根據漢語提示單詞拼寫)3.Sheisverystrictand________becauseshewantsustobebetterlearners.Ireallywishcouldbelessdirectandmoreencouraging.(要求高的)(根據漢語提示單詞拼寫)4.Duringtheface-to-facecommunication,teachertellsusexactlywhereourproblemsareandhowwecan________.(提高)(根據漢語提示單詞拼寫)5.Onthesurface,Ihaveanactivesociallife.IattendpartiesandplaysportsbutI’malways________.(分心的)(根據漢語提示單詞拼寫)6.friendstrydragmeawayphone,butassoonasI’maloneagain,I’m________togetbackonlineworldandtheintenseactivitythatitprovides.(不顧一切的)(根據漢語提示單詞拼寫)7.Duringthefinalround,ajudge,youwouldbe________forlisteningtoallthespeeches,notingdownanypositiveornegativeaspectsforeachone.(負責的)(根據漢語提示單詞拼寫)8.Competitorsshouldbejudgedontheirpronunciation,clarityandandalsoprogressionofideasandaudience________.(參與度)(根據漢語提示單詞拼寫)第二節完形填空（共10小題，每小題1.5分，共分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的、B、、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題紙上將該選項涂黑。Thursdaywouldbehuge.ButwhencoachannouncedthechampionshipgamewouldbeanightgameonDevin'sheart___9___.Theconcertwasatthesametimeasthegame.AndMs.Poltishad___10___Devintosingabriefsolo(獨唱).Thinkingthesoccerteamwasontheedgeofatitleandhewasabigreason—hetheleagueinscoring,Devinfrowned(皺眉).Hecouldn'tdisappointhisteamby___12___thegame.Thatnight,Devinlaybed,staringatthetrophies()fromraces,baseballleaguesandfree-throwcontestswhich___13___hisshelves.Thesolowasonlyfourlinesinthemiddleofasong,butthethoughtofsinging___14___madehimshiver(顫抖).He'dneversungasolobefore.Nowarelieftoknowhedidn'thaveto.Thesoccergamewasaperfect___15___.WhileatthemomentMs.Poltis'wordscametohismind"Ichoseyounotbecauseyou'rethebestsingerbutbecauseyouworkhard,likethepersoninthesong.Andyouhaveaverynicevoice.Sodon'tnervous.Beproud."Itwasnosecretthatseveralotherchoirmembershad___16___singingvoicesthanhedid.Buthelikedthesong,andhe___17___howkindandinspiringMs.Poltisalwayswas.FinallyDevinmadeachoiceandwhisperedthesolowith____18____,"nomatterhowhardstruggle.Iwillneverletyoudown…"9.A.bledB.sankC.hurtD.beat10.A.taughtA.ledB.allowedB.wonC.chosenC.joinedC.enteringC.coveredC.aloneD.orderedD.formedD.skippingD.decoratedD.proudlyD.excuseD.deeper12.A.watching13.A.linedB.playingB.piled14.A.loudly15.A.platform16.A.louder17.A.appreciated18.A.tensionB.outsideB.requestB.strongerB.acceptedB.patienceC.conditionC.softerC.confirmedC.sorrowD.praisedD.confidence第三節語法填空（共10小題，每小題1.5分，共分）A閱讀下列短文，根據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當的單詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。PeoplefromsouthernChinanormallybuy____19____theyneedforjustoneormealsatatime.normalforthemtobuyjusthalfaChinesecabbage,two____20____(potato)and25gramsofbeefatatime.____21____,apersonmaybelaughedatiftheydothisinthenorth.differencecouldbebecauseofthedifferentclimates.can____22____(keep)foralongtimeinthenorth,asusuallycoldanddrythere.southernChinesepeopleprefertobuyjustenoughfoodforonemealoronedayduetothehotandwetweatherinthesouth.B閱讀下面短文,根據短文內容填空.在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當的詞,在給出提示詞的空白處用括號所給詞的正確形式填空.Mrs.Baileywasimportantintheeducationaljourney___23___carriedmethroughschoolandintomyprofession.UntilIjoinedherclass,IbelievedmyabilityasaShepersuadedme___24___(join)thepoetrysocietyand___25___(light)afireforliterature.recognizedpotentialandshowedmethatIcouldwritewithcreativityandenthusiasm.Becauseoftheconfidencesheinspired___26___I’vecarvedoutasuccessfulprofessionasajournalist.C閱讀下面短文，根據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當的詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號所給詞的正確形式填空。Thestabilityofthedevelopinglivestreamingsectorhasmadeanidealsourceofjobsforthose___27___(bear)after1995haveapassionfornovelandnewlyindustries,expertssaid.ArecentreportbyZhaopin,anonlinerecruitmentplatform,ande-commercegiantAlibabarevealedsteadygrowthinthelivestreamingsectorthethirdquarterofthewithjobpostings___28___(rise)upnearly12percentTheincreasewasaround5percentagepoints___29___(high)averagethanforotherindustries.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節，分）第一節（共10小題：每小題2分，共20分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的、B、、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題紙上將該項涂黑。A2018PhotographeroftheSouthAfricanSkyewinnerofa45,000entrycompetition,just16yearsofage.SkyehasbeenpublishedovertheyearsinprintmedianotjustforhisphotographybutalsovoicinghisopiniononconservationinSouthAfricaandtheneedmoreyoungphotographersoutthere.ForSkye,photographyisnotjustaboutthecompetitionsenteredandwonbutalsotheplatformithimcreateawarenessaboutournaturalworldandconservingthelongterm.ispartofaninterviewtoSkyetheRationalPerspective.Host:Howdoyougettohavetheabilitytoseetheseanimalsinwild?Skye:I'vebeenfortunateenoughthatmyparentsaresopassionateaboutthebushthatit'sjustaby-productofmegoingonadventureswiththemthatI'vebeenabletopursuephotographybecauseit'snotsomethingthateverykidwilllike.IwantwildlifeSoit'squiteauniquesituationforme.It'ssomethingthatIhavebeenbroughtupandsomethingI'vebeenfortunatetoexperience.Host:Howdoyoutakeagoodofaleopard?Skye:IhadbeenfollowingLimpy(theLeopard)formanyyearsandholdsaspecialplacemyheart.IhadgrownalongsideForme,theperfectshotisonewhereIfeelifI'mnotreallythere.It'swheretheanimaliscomfortableenoughtobehaveasifI'mnotthere.Ilikefeelimmersedinmomentcapturenatureatitsmostnatural.IlikefocusonwhatIwouldliketoseeinthemomentwhatIfeel.SoinmywinningpictureIsawthepeaceandtranquillityofthemoment,andthat'swhatItriedtocapture.30.WhatdoesSkyethinkofphotography?A.Aplatformtoshowneeds.B.Awaygaingoodreputation.C.Achancetogetclosetonaturalworld.D.Aplacetoraiseawarenessofconservation.31.WhichofthefollowingenablesSkyetoobservewildanimals?A.Hislearningexperience.B.thecompetition.C.Adventuringwithhisparents.D.Hisphotographyknowledge.32.WhatistherealreasonSkype'ssuccess?A.HestayedinthewildC.Hefoundaspecialplacefortheanimal.B.Hecapturedtheanimaltakepictures.D.Hetookthephotooftheanimalitsnaturalstate.BIfthereisonethingwecanconclusivelyaboutIsaacthathecouldwrite.Hisbodyofextendstoover500books.addtothat,hewasneverboundaspecificfield.Althoughmostfamousasasciencefictionhepublishedonmanymoretopics.Partofthisrelatedhisgiftedmind,butabiggerpartwasthathewaswell-educated.Manytendtothinkofbeingeducatedasthedegreesweearn.Asimovdidhaveagooddegree,buthisrealeducationwasbroaderthanthat.Itwasdeeperthanhelearnedinstruction.ItwashiscuriosityandhisdrivepushhimselfthattookhimfromayoungimmigrantmaybeoneofthemostbelovedUSauthors.Asayoungkid,hespenthisdayslostinhismindaskingquestionsandcreatingimaginaryworlds.Hereadbooks,andhelovedknowledge.Inhisautobiography(自傳)BeenaGoodLife,Asimovtellsastoryaboutencounterhehadasachildwhenhisfatheraskedhimaquestion:“Howdidyoulearnallthis,Isaac?”“Fromyou,Pappa,”Asimovsaid.“Fromme?Iknowanyofthis.”haveto,Pappa,”Hesaid.valuedlearningandtaughtmetovalueit.OnceIlearnedtovalueit,restcamewithouttrouble.”markofeducatedmindshasnothingtodowithhowtheyIthaseverythingtodowiththetheyknowandthewaytheyaboutknowing.Also,onethingthatmanypeopleknowaboutIsaacAsimovisthatheactuallyafull-timewriterformostofhislife.Bypersonalchoice,hisday-jobwasasachemist.Oneofthethingsthatmanypolymaths(博學者)naturallydoisexploreabroadrangeofnon-fictiontopics.Butsomethingtheytendtooverlookistheknowledgetheycanobtainfromfiction.BeforeAsimovfelllovewithscience,hewasalreadyattractedbyfiction.ItwashisloveofGreekmythandhisreadingof18thand19th-centuryclassicsthatledtobecomeagreat33.Accordingtothepassage,IsaacAsimovisa________.A.belovedchemistB.full-timefictionauthorD.knowledgeableeducatorC.productivesci-fiwriter34.Whichofthefollowingmighttheauthoragreewith?A.Agooddegreereflectsrealeducationlevel.B.PolymathstendtolookdownuponGreekmyth.C.learnismoreimportantthanknowledgeitself.D.Non-fictionisnotworthreadingifoneistobecomea35.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A.analyzethereasonsbehindsuccessasaB.introducechildhoodandhisachievements.C.emphasizethecontributionsAsimovhasmade.D.callonthereaderstobuybooks.CHowandroughly2millionyearsago,earlyhumanancestorsevolvedbrainsandbeganfashioningrelativelyadvancedstonetools,isoneofthegreatmysteriesofevolution.Someresearchersthesechangeswerebroughtaboutbyinventionofcooking.Theypointoutthatourbiteweakenedaroundthesametimeourlargerbrainsevolved,andthatittakeslesstoabsorbnutrientscookedfood.Asaresult,oncetheyhadmasteredart,earlychefscouldinvestlessintheirdigestivesystemsandthusinvesttheresultingenergysavingsinbuildingbrainscapableofcomplexthought.Thereis,aproblemwiththecookingMostarchaeologists(考古學家）believetheevidenceofcontrolledfirestretchesbacknomorethan790,000years.RogerSummonsoftheMassachusettsInstituteofhasasolution.withhisteam,heanalyzed1.7million-year-oldsand-stonesthatformedancientriverOlduvaiinTheregionisfamousforthenumberofhumanfossils(化石)thathavebeendiscoveredthere,alongsideanimpressiveassemblyofstonetools.sand-stonesthemselveshavepreviouslyyieldedsomeoftheearliestcomplexhandaxes—tear-drop-shapedstonetoolsthatareassociatedHomoerectus(直立人).Creatingaxebyrepeatedlyknockingthinpiecesastoneordertocreatetwosharpcuttingedgesrequiresasignificantamountofplanning.Theirappearanceisthereforethoughttomarkanimportantmomentinintellectualevolution.insidetheOlduvaisand-stones,theresearchersfounddistinctivebutunusualbiologicalmolecules（分子）thatareofteninterpretedasbiomarkersforheat-tolerantbacteria.Someoftheseliveinwaterbetween85°Cand95°C.Themolecules’presencesuggeststhatanancientriverwithintheoncefedbyoneormorehotsprings.Summonsandhiscolleaguessaythehotspringswouldhaveprovidedaconvenient“pre-fire”meansofcookingfood.InNewZealand，theMaorihavetraditionallycookedfoodhotsprings,eitherbyloweringitintotheboilingwaterorbydiggingaholethehotearth.SimilarmethodsexistJapanandIceland,isplausible,ifdifficultprove,thatearlyhumansmighthaveusedhotspringstocookmeatandroots.Richardwhodevisedthecookingisfascinatedbytheidea.Nonetheless,firewouldhaveadistinctadvantagetohumans,oncetheyhadmasteredtheartofcontrollingitsince,unlikeahotspring,itisatransportableresource.36.ofthefollowingstatementscansupportthecookingtheoryEXCEPT__________.A.cookingenabledearlyhumanstoinvestlessindigestivesystemB.cookingenabledearlyhumanstodevotemoretobuildingbigbrainsC.ourbrainbecamearoundthetimeourdigestivesystemweakenedD.thecontrolledfiremastereduntilabout790,000yearsago37.Thepresenceofbiologicalmoleculeswasimportantbecause_________.A.theysuggestedapossiblemeansofcookingwithoutfireB.theycastlightonhowearlyHomoerectuslivedC.theyprovidedaconvenientofstudyingstonetoolsD.theymadestudiesofpre-historicculturespossible38.Theunderlinedword“plausible”probablymeans_________.A.noticeableC.reasonableB.applicableD.affordable39.WhatmaybetheconclusionofthestudybySummonsandhiscolleague?A.Earlyhumanswerecapableofmakingcomplexstonetools.B.Hotspringshelpexplainhowhumanbrainsgotsobig.C.Homoerectuswereadaptabletoughandcomplexterritories.D.Humanbrainsarehighlyadvancedasshownbytheirsize.第二節（共5小題：每小題2分，共10分）根據短文內容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。BenefitsofSportsDoingsportsisaphysical,mentalandsocialadventure.agreatwayforchildrentotakeabreakfromacademicsandreleaseextraItalsohelpsthemleadfullerandhappierlivesasregularsportshaveprovenimproveoverallwell-being.Thephysicalbenefitsofdoingsportsareprobablythemostobvious.Regardlessofyourfitnesslevelwhenyoustartplayingsports,you’llnoticeanincreaseyouroverallfitnessonceyou’reinvolved.___40___Basketballplayersfocusonstrengthtraining;footballplayersworkonspeedwhiletrackathletestrainthroughlongerruns.Thetrainingprocesshelpspromotephysicalfitnessandperformancesincompetitions.___41___Playingsportscontributestomentalhealth,helpingtoincreaseconfidenceandself-worth.Apatontheback,high-fivefromateammate,orhandshakeafteramatchreallyboostsaconfidence.ofpraiseandencouragementfromthecoach,parentsandotherplayersraisetheself-worth.___42___Soafteragame,abetterideatoask“Didyouenjoythegame?”ratherthan“Didyouwin?”Childrenwhoparticipateinsportsmightalsobenefitfromthesocialaspect,feelingpartofagroup,buildingupaccountabilityandleadership.___43___involvesbothbeingdependableasateammateandlearningtorelyonyourteammatesachieveapositiveoutcome.breedsaccountabilityandchallengesyoutoberesponsibleforyouractions.BeingpartofateamgivesyouanopportunitybeaDisciplineisanothersocialadvantage.Mostsportsrequireastricttrainingandpracticeschedule.Asastudent-athlete,youneedtobalanceacademicsandathletics.___44___Thereisnoshortageofreasonsfindasporttogetinvolvedin.Areyoureadygo?Pickoneandgetmoving!A.notjustyourbodythatbenefitsfromsports.B.Therefore,playingsportsisgoingtomakeyoumorefit.C.Ifyouplaygroupsports,you’llbepartofateamthattakesdirectionfromacoach.D.Butaself-worthshouldnotbedistinguishedbyvictoryorloss.E.Nearlyeverysportrequiresphysicalactivityandtheskillsneededtobecompetitive.Amongthese,learningtofunctionaspartofateamisthemostimportantadvantage.G.Onlywithstrictdisciplinecanyoubesuccessfulbothintheclassroomandinthesportsfield.第四部分：書面表達（共兩節，分）第一節（共4小題；第44、45題各2分，第46題3分，第47題5分，共12分）閱讀下面短文，根據題目要求用英文回答問題。Growingup,Iidealisedindependence.Ialwayswantedmyowntobeenough.WhenIdecidedtopursueapostgraduatedegree,Iwanteddevelopanovelresearchprogrammeandquicklyestablishmyselfasanindependentscientist.ButIwasunrealisticallyoptimisticaboutwhatIcouldachieve.AsIbegandesigningexperiments,mycommitteememberswarnedmeaboutthechallengesIwouldface.Butmyneedforindependencedrovemetopushforwardwithmyresearchplan.Asaresult,firstfouryearsofmypostgraduatecareerweredefinedbyaseriesoffailures.DuringsecondIfailedmycomprehensiveexambecausemyproposalwasDuringmythirdIdiscoveredthataftertreatingthousandsofseeds,IobtainedjustoneplantIcoulduseforexperiments.Bymyfourthmydesperationsucceedovershadowedmydesireforindependence.MyadviserandIdevised(想出)asomewhatunusualsolution:Iwouldspendthreemonthsinacollaborating(合作的)labobtainspecialisedtraining.Iworkedextensivelywithotherstudents,constantlyaskedquestions,andhelpedwithongoingprojectstolearneverythingIcould.Iconductedelegantexperimentthatwouldnothavebeenpossiblewithoutthehelpofthemembersthelab.Myadvisersawthisexperienceasagroundbreakingsuccess,emphasisingthecollaboratingskillsIacquired.AfewmonthswhenIrepeatedtheexperimentinhomelab,Iproducedmorepublishabledata.Bylearningwhentoaskhelp,Ieventuallyfoundmyselfonthewaybecominganindependentscientist.45.Inthebeginning,whatdrovetheauthortopushforwardwithresearchplan?_______________________________________________________________________________________________46.Whatwasthesolutionbytheadviserandtheauthorafterthoserepeatedfailures?_______________________________________________________________________________________________47.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplain>Theadviserconsideredexperienceinthelabagroundbreakingsuccessbecausepublishabledatahadbeenproduced._______________________________________________________________________________________________48.Fromthiswhatyoulearnabout“independence”?(Inabout40words)_______________________________________________________________________________________________第二節（共1題，分）49.假設你是紅星中學高二學生李華，你校即將舉辦一場以人工智能”為主題的專家講座。請你寫一封郵件，邀請你的交換生朋友Jim一起參加。內容包括：1.邀請原因;2.講座內容與安排。注意：1.1002.開頭和結尾已給出，不計入總詞數。DearJim,_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________LiHua參考答案第一部分：語言知識（共3節，分）第一節單詞填空（共8小題，每小題1分，共8分）根據括號內漢語提示，用單詞正確形式填空。1.【答案】voluntary【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：我知道我不是一個自愿的學生，但我學習新事物并不慢。根據漢語提示可知用形容詞voluntary，修飾名詞student。故填voluntary。2.【答案】access【詳解】考查名詞。句意：當老師的好處是，當孩子們開放、渴望學習的時候，你可以接觸到他們的思想。根據漢語提示可知應用名詞access，構成haveaccessto表示“接觸”。故填access。3.【答案】demanding【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：她非常嚴格，要求很高，因為她想讓我們成為更好的學習者。我真希望她能少一點直接，多一點鼓勵。根據漢語提示可知應用形容詞demanding，作表語。故填demanding。4.【答案】improve【詳解】考查動詞。句意：在面對面的交流中，我的老師準確地告訴我們我們的問題在哪里以及我們如何提高。根據漢語提示可知應用動詞improvecan后跟動詞原形。故填improve。5.【答案】distracted【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：表面上看，我的社交生活很活躍。我參加聚會和運動，但我總是分心。根據漢語提示可知應用形容詞distracted，作表語。故填distracted。6.【答案】desperate【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：我的朋友們試圖把我的手機拖走，但一旦我再次獨自一人，我就會不顧一切地回到網絡世界和它提供的激烈活動中。根據漢語提示可知應用形容詞desperate，作表語，故填desperate。7.【答案】responsible【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：在最后一輪比賽中，作為裁判，你將負責聽所有的演講，并記下每一場演講的積極或消極方面。設空處使用形容詞，作表語，表示“負責的”用responsibleresponsible。8.【答案】engagement【詳解】考查名詞。句意：評判選手的標準包括他們的發音、清晰度和流暢性，以及思想的進展和觀眾的參與度。根據漢語提示可知應用名詞engagement，作賓語，不可數。故填engagement。第二節完形填空（共10小題，每小題1.5分，共分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的、B、、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題紙上將該選項涂黑。【答案】9.B10.CA12.DA14.C15.D16.B17.A18.D【分析】這是一篇記敘文。Devin被Ms.Poltis選中參加獨唱，因為怕唱不好而緊張，Devin想要拒絕；最后在Ms.Poltis的鼓勵下，Ms.Poltis自信地參加了獨唱。【9題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但當教練宣布冠軍賽將是周四晚上的比賽時，Devin的心情變得沉重。A.bled流血；B.sank(心情)變得沉重；C.hurt受傷；D.beat跳動。根據后文“Devinfrowned()”可知，當教練宣布比賽時，Devin的心情變得沉重。故選。【10題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Ms.Poltis選擇Devin來唱一段簡短的獨唱。A.taughtB.allowed允許；C.chosen選擇；D.ordered命令。根據第二段“Ichoseyounotbecauseyou'rethebestsingerbutbecauseworkhard”可知，Ms.PoltisDevin來唱一段簡短的獨唱。故選C。【題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Devin認為足球隊即將奪冠，他是他在得分方面領先聯盟的一個重要原因，他皺起了眉頭。A.led率領，處于領先地位；B.贏得；C.joined加入；D.formed形成。根據空前“Thinkingsoccerteamwasontheedgeofatitle”可知，因為將要奪冠，由此可知，在得分上是領先的。故選A。【12題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他不能不參加比賽而使他的球隊失望。A.watchingB.playing玩耍；C.entering進入；D.skipping跳過。根據前文“Hecouldn'tdisappointhisteam”可知，Devin不想不參加比賽，這樣會讓球隊失望。故選D。【13題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：那天晚上，Devin躺在床上，盯著貨架上擺滿的比賽、棒球聯賽和罰球比賽的獎杯。A.lined沿……排成行；B.piled堆放；C.covered覆蓋；D.decorated裝飾。由空前“trophies(獎杯)fromraces,baseballleaguesandfree-throwcontests”可知，比賽中的獲得的獎杯在架子上排成行。故選A。【14題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：這首獨唱只有歌曲中間的四行，但一想到要獨自唱，他就不寒而栗。A.loudly大聲地；B.outside在外面；C.alone單獨；D.proudly驕傲地。根據前文thesolo可知，因為是獨唱，所以此處指一個人唱歌。故選C。【15題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：足球比賽是個完美的借口。A.platform站臺，講臺；B.request要求；C.condition條件；D.excuse借口。根據前文“He'dneversungasolobefore.”可知，因為Devin不想唱歌，所以足球比賽是個完美的借口。故選D。【16題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：唱詩班的其他幾個成員的嗓音比他響亮，這已經不是什么秘密了。A.louder更大聲的；B.stronger更響亮的；C.softer更柔軟的；D.deeper更深的。根據前文“Ichoseyounotbecauseyou'rethebestsingerbutbecauseyouworkhard”可知，唱詩班的其他幾個成員比他唱得好，由此可知，他們的嗓音也比Devin響亮。故選。【17題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但他喜歡這首歌，他也感激Ms.Poltis一直以來的善良和鼓舞人心。A.appreciated感激；B.accepted接受；C.confirmed確認；D.praised贊揚。根據后文“howkindandinspiringMs.Poltisalwayswas.”可知，DevinMs.Poltis一直以來的善良和鼓舞人心。故選A。【18題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：最后，Devin做出了選擇，自信地低聲唱著獨唱。A.tension緊張；B.patience耐心；C.sorrow悲傷；D.confidence自信。根據后文“nomatterhowhardthestruggle.Iwillneverletyoudown…”可知，Devin自信地歌唱。故選D。第三節語法填空（共10小題，每小題1.5分，共分）【答案】19.what20.potatoes21.However22.bekept【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹由于南方和北方氣候不同，人們購買食品的數量也不同。【19題詳解】考查名詞性從句。句意：來自中國南方的人們通常一次只買一到兩頓飯所需的東西。本句為賓語從句，從句缺少賓語，指物，所以用連接代詞what引導。故填what。【20題詳解】考查名詞的數。句意：他們通常一次只買半個白菜、兩個土豆和25克牛肉。名詞potato為可數名詞，根據前數詞two可知，用名詞的復數形式。故填potatoes。【21題詳解】考查副詞。句意：然而，如果一個人這樣做在北方可能會被嘲笑。前后句之間為轉折關系，所以用副詞howeverHowever。【22題詳解】考查語態。句意：食物在北方可以保存很長時間，因為那里通常又冷又干。主語Food與keep之間為被動關系，所以用被動語態。情態動詞can后接動詞原形。故填bekept。【答案】23.that##which24.tojoin25.lit26.in【導語】這是一篇記敘文。因為老師貝利夫人的鼓勵和激勵，“我”產生了對文學的熱情，并成為了一名成功的記者。【23題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：在我從學校到工作的求學之旅中，貝利夫人發揮了重要作用。在定語從句中缺少主語，且先行詞為journey，所以應用關系代詞which或thatthat/which。【24題詳解】考查動詞不定式。句意：她勸我加入詩社，在我心中燃起了文學的火焰。persuadesbdo意為“勸說某人做某事”，為固定搭配，所以應用do不定式作賓語補足語。故填tojoin。【25題詳解】考查一般過去時。句意：她勸我加入詩社，在我心中燃起了文學的火焰。根據“Shepersuadedme”可知，此處描述過去的事情，應用一般過去時。故填lit。【26題詳解】考查介詞。句意：因為她激發了我的信心，我成為了一個成功的記者。inspiresthsb意為“喚醒某人的……”，為固定搭配，所以此處應用介詞in。故填in。【答案】27.born28.risinghigher【導語】這是一篇說明文。近年來新興直播行業發展迅速，成為95后就業的理想來源。【27題詳解】考查過去分詞。句意：專家表示，發展中的直播行業的穩定性使其成為95后就業的理想來源，這些人對新奇和新興行業充滿熱情。動詞bear意為“生育”，和謂語之間沒有連詞，和邏輯主語those構成被動關系，且動作已完成，所以應用過去分詞作后置定語。故填born。【28題詳解】考查現在分詞。句意：在線招聘平臺智聯招聘和電商巨頭阿里巴巴最近發布的一份報告顯示，今年第三季度直播行業增長穩定，招聘崗位同比增長近12%。在with獨立主格結構中，動詞rise意為“上升”，和邏輯主語jobpostings構成主動關系，所以應用現在分詞形式。故填rising。【29題詳解】考查比較級。句意：這一增幅比其他行業平均高出約5個百分點。根據“thanforotherindustries”可知，此處應用比較級。故填higher。第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節，分）第一節（共10小題：每小題2分，共20分）【答案】30.D31.C32.D【分析】本文是一篇應用文。文章主要是對2018年年度野生動物攝影師斯凱·米克爾的采訪。【30題詳解】細節理解題。根據文章第一段“ForSkye,photographyisnotjustaboutthecompetitionsenteredandwonbutalsotheplatformithimtocreateawarenessaboutournaturalworldandconservingitinthelongterm.(對斯凱來說，攝影不僅僅是參加和贏得的比賽，而且是一個平臺，它提供給他創造對自然世界的認識，并長期保護它)”可知，斯凱認為攝影一個提高保護意識的地方。故選D。【31題詳解】細節理解題。根據文章斯凱對主持人的第一個問題的回答“I'vebeenfortunateenoughthatparentsaresopassionateaboutthebushthatit'sjustaby-productofgoingonadventureswiththemthatI'vebeenabletopursuemyphotographybecauseit'snotsomethingthateverykidwilllike.IwantwildlifeSoit'squiteauniquesituationforme.It'ssomethingthatIhavebeenbroughtupandsomethingI'vebeenfortunatetoexperience.(我很幸運，我的父母對叢林充滿熱情，這只是我和他們一起探險的一個副產品，我能夠繼續我的攝影事業，因為這并不是每個孩子都會喜歡的事情。我想要野生動物攝影。所以這對我來說是一個非常獨特的情況。這是我成長過程中很幸運的經歷)”可知，和父母一起冒險使斯凱能夠觀察野生動物。故選C。【32題詳解】細節理解題。根據文章斯凱對主持人的第二個問題的回答“Forme,theperfectshotisonewhereIfeelasifI'mnotreallythere.It'sonewheretheanimaliscomfortableenoughtobehaveasifI'mnotthere.Ilikefeelimmersedinthemomentcapturenatureatitsmostnatural.IliketofocusonwhatIwouldliketoseethemomentandwhatIfeel.inwinningpictureIthepeacetranquillityofthemoment,andthat'swhatItriedtocapture.(對我來說，最完美的鏡頭就是我感覺自己好像不在那里。這是一種動物很舒服，表現得好像我不存在一樣。我喜歡沉浸在當下，捕捉大自然最自然的一面。我喜歡專注于當下我想看到的和我的感覺。所以，在我的獲獎作品中，我看到了那一刻的平靜與安寧，而這正是我想要捕捉的)”可知，斯凱成功的真正原因是他給動物拍了一張自然狀態的照片。故選D。【答案】33.C34.C35.A【導語】本文為一篇說明文。介紹了艾薩克·阿西莫夫成為一名著名的科幻作家成功的原因。【33題詳解】細節理解題。根據第一段“IfthereisonethingwecanconclusivelyaboutIsaacthathecouldwrite.Hisbodyofextendstoover500books.tothat,hewasneverboundtoaspecificfield.Althoughmostfamousasasciencefictionhealsopublishedonmanymoretopics.(關于艾薩克·阿西莫夫，如果有一件事我們可以肯定地說，那就是他會寫作。他的著作超過500本。更重要的是，他從來沒有被限制在一個特定的領域。雖然他最著名的是科幻作家，但他也發表了許多其他主題的作品)”可知，艾薩克·阿西莫夫是一位多產的科幻作家。故選。【34題詳解】細節理解題。根據倒數第二段“ThemarkofeducatedmindshasnothingtodowithhowtheyIthaseverythingdowiththewaytheyknowandthetheyaboutknowing.(受過教育的人的標志與他們知道多少無關。這與他們知道的方式和他們了解的方式有關)”可知，作者認為學習方法比知識本身更重要。故選C。【35題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第二段“Partofthisrelatedgiftedmind,butabiggerpartwasthathewaswell-educated.(這部分與他的天賦有關，但更重要的是他受過良好的教育)”講述的是艾薩克·阿西莫夫成功的原因之一；根據第三段“valuedlearningandyoutaughtmevalueit.OnceIlearnedtovalueit,therestcamewithouttrouble.(你重視學習，你也教會了我重視學習。一旦我學會珍惜它，剩下的一切就迎刃而解了)”是他成功的第二個原因。結合最后一段“ItwashisloveofGreekmythandhisreadingof18thand19th-centuryclassicsthatledtobecomeagreat正是他對希臘神話的熱愛，以及他對1819世紀經典著作的閱讀，使他成為了一位偉大的作家)”是艾薩克·阿西莫夫成功的另外一個原因。故可推知本文的目的是分析艾薩克·阿西莫夫成為一名科幻作家成功的原因。故選A。【答案】36.D37.A38.C39.B【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了烹飪有助于早期類祖先進化出了巨大的大腦。【36題詳解】細節理解題。根據第一段中的“Theypointoutthatourbiteweakenedaroundthesametimeasourbrainsevolved,andthatittakeslessabsorbnutrientsfromcookedfood.Asaresult,oncetheyhadmasteredtheart,earlychefscouldinvestlesstheirdigestivesystemsandthusinvesttheresultingsavingsbuildinglargerbrainscapableofcomplexthought.Thereis,aproblemwiththecookingMostarchaeologists(考古學家）believetheevidenceofcontrolledfirestretchesbacknomorethan790,000years”可知，他們（研究人員）指出，我們的咬合能力在大腦進化的同時減弱，從熟食中吸收營養所需的能量更少。因此，一旦掌握了這門藝術，早期的廚師就可以減少對消化系統的投資，從而將由此節省的能源投資于培養能夠進行復雜思考的更大大腦，然而，烹飪理論有一個問題，大多數考古學家認為，控制火的證據可以追溯到不超過79萬年前，由此可知，A、B、C三項可以支持烹飪理論，而D則不能，故D項正確。【37題詳解】細節理解題。根據第二段中的“theresearchersfounddistinctivebutunusualbiologicalmolecules（分子）thatareofteninterpretedasbiomarkersforheat-tolerantbacteria.Someoftheseliveinwaterbetween85°Cand°C.Themolecules’presencesuggeststhatanancientriverwithinthewasoncebyoneormorehotsprings.”可知，研究人員發現了獨特的生物分子，通常被解釋為耐熱細菌的生物標志物，其中一些生活在85°C到95°C之間的水中，這些分子的存在表明，峽谷內的一條古老河流曾經由一個或多個溫泉提供水源，再結合第三段中的“Summonsandhiscolleaguesthehotspringswouldhaveprovidedaconvenient“pre-fire”meansofcookingfood.”可知，薩曼斯博士和他的同事們說，溫泉可以提供一種方便的在使用火前烹飪食物的方法，由此可知，生物分子的存在很重要是因為它們顯示了不用火做飯的可能方法，故A項正確。【38題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞前的“InNewZealandtheMaorihavetraditionallycookedfoodhotsprings,eitherbyloweringitintotheboilingwaterorbydiggingaholethehotearth.SimilarmethodsexistinJapanandIceland”可知，在新西蘭，毛利人有在溫泉里煮食物的傳統，他們要么把食物放入滾燙的水中，要么在滾燙的泥土上挖一個洞，類似的方法在日本和冰島也存在，所以早期人類可能用溫泉煮肉和樹根是合理的，由此可知畫線詞詞義為“合理的”，故C項正確。【39題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第一段中的“Howandroughly2millionyearsago,earlyhumanancestorsevolvedbrainsandbeganfashioningrelativelyadvancedstonetools,isofthegreatmysteriesofevolution.Someresearchersthesechangeswerebroughtaboutbytheinventionofcooking.”可知，大約200萬年前，人早期類祖先是如何和為何進化出了巨大的大腦，并開始形成相對先進的石器，這是進化的一大謎團，一些研究人員認為，這些變化是烹飪的發明帶來的，再根據第三段中的“Summonsandhiscolleaguessaythehotspringswouldhaveprovidedaconvenient“pre-fire”meansofcookingfood.”可知，薩曼斯博士和他的同事們說，溫泉可以提供一種方便的在使用火之前烹飪食物的方法，也就是說溫泉是早期人類烹飪方法之一，由此可知，薩曼斯博士和他的同事們會得出這樣的結論，即：溫泉有助于解釋人類的大腦是如何變得如此之大的，故B項正確。【點睛】本篇第3題詞義猜測題的難度較大，抓住畫線詞前所舉的事例是關鍵，根據畫線詞前的“InZealandtheMaorihavetraditionallycookedfoodinhotsprings,eitherbyloweringitintotheboilingwaterorbydiggingaholeinthehotearth.SimilarmethodsexistinJapanandIceland”可知，在新西蘭，毛利人有在溫泉里煮食物的傳統，他們要么把食物放入滾燙的水中，要么在滾燙的泥土上挖一個洞