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全國英語等級考試四級(PETS4)歷年真題(五)
材料題
根據以下材料,回答1?20題
In1942,theHMSEdinburghwassunkintheBarentsSea.ltwason
its21backtoBritainwithninety-oneboxesofRussiangold.22thirty-nine
yearsitlaythere,toodeepfordiversto23.Noonewasallowedto
explodeit,either,sincethebodiesofsixtyofthecrewalsolay
inthe24.Then,in1981,anex-divercalledJessopdecidedtotryusing
newdiyingtechniques.25hecouldnotaffordtofinancethe26which
wasgoingtocostfourmillionpounds,hehadtolookforpeoplewho
were27totake
therisk.28,theywerenotevensurethegoldwasgoingtobethere!First
aScottishdivingcompany,thenaGermanshippingcompanyagreedto
joinintheretrieval29.Notlongafterthat,Jessop
30afourthcompanytotakea31.Sincethegoldwasthe32oftheBritish
andthesovietgovernments,theybothhopedtomakea33,too!The
biggestproblemwashowtoget34the
gold.Fortunately,theywereabletoexaminetheEdinburgh'ssistership,
theHMSBelfast,to35outtheexactlocationofthebombroom,36the
goldwasstored.
Theyknewitwastobeanextremelydifficultanddangerous
undertaking.toreachthegold,theywouldhavetocutalarge
square37thebodyoftheship,gothroughtheemptyfueltankanddown
to
thebombroom.Aftertwenty-eightdives,they38tofindthefirst
bar.Evervoneworked39theclock,helpingtocleanandstackthe
gold,40astofinishthejobasquick-lyaspossible.
1[單選題]
A.road
B.path
C.way
□.passage
正確答案:C
參考解析:
Croad道路;path小路,小徑;way路;passage通道,過道。這
四個詞都有道路的含義,但只有way可用于固定搭配Oilone'
swayto,表示〃在…去…的路上〃。在此句中,
OnitswaybacktoBritain意為〃在巡洋艦返回英國的路上〃,故
選C。
2[單選題]
A.During
B.For
C.At
D.Since
正確答案:B
參考解析:
B這四個介詞都可以用來表示時間,但用法卻不盡相同。during在…
期間,當…之時,用來表示一段時間;for持續達,計,后面常跟具
體的時間段,如:forfivemonths;at在…時亥!J,通常指時間的某
一點,如ateighto'clock;since自從…之后,要與現在完成時連
用。根據旬意〃這艘巡洋艦三十九年以來就一直沉于海底〃可知,此
處需要一個表示時間段的介詞,且能夠與〃三十九年〃搭配,只有'
fbr符合要求,故選B。
3[單選題]
A.find
B.discover
C.dive
D.reach
正確答案:D
參考解析:
Dfind找到;discover發現;dive潛水;reach到達。根據前文句
意可知,此處想要表達的意思是〃到達〃,
toodeepfordiverstoreach意為〃(沉船的位置)太深以至于潛水
員無法到達〃,故選D。
4[單選題]
A.wreck
B.ruin
C.relic
D.waste
正確答案:A
參考解析:
Awreck沉船,遇難船;ruin廢墟,遺跡;relic遺體,遺物;waste
荒原,荒蕪之地。根據前文可知,〃英國皇家海軍愛丁堡號〃巡洋艦
于1942年在巴倫支海沉沒,由此可推斷出該句中六十具船員的尸骸
所在的位置應在沉船內,故選A。
5[單選題]
A.Although
B.Unless
C.As
D.lf
正確答案:C
參考解析:
Calthough盡管,雖然;unless除mE,如果不;as由于,因為;if
如果。根據上下文〃他無法獨自承擔搜索所需的四百萬英鎊,不得不
尋找愿意承擔風險的人。〃可知,這里需要表示原因的連接詞,故選
Co
6[單選題]
A.research
B.operation
C.movement
D.search
正確答案:D
參考解析:
Dresearch研究,探討Operation操作;movement移動;search
搜索,探查。由全文可知,這次潛水尋找黃金是一次搜索任務,只有
search可表示〃搜索,探蟄’,符合文意,故選D。
7[單選題]
A.willing
B.luckly
C.committed
□.engaged
正確答案:A
參考解析:
Awilling愿意的;lucky幸運的;committed忠誠的,堅定的;
engaged忙的從事…的。bewillingtodostll表示〃愿意做某事〃,
bewillingtotaketherisk表示〃愿意承擔風險",符合文意,故
選A。
8[單選題]
A.AIIinall
B.lnaddition
C.lncase
D.Afterall
正確答案:D
參考解析:
Dallinall總之;inaddition除此之外,另夕卜;incase以防;afterall
畢竟。根據前文所述杰索普需要幫他承擔風險的人,可推斷此處應緊
接著解釋這個風險是什么,也就是〃畢竟,他們還不確定黃金是否還
在那里。,故選D。
9[單選題]
A.assignment
B.temptation
C.attempt
0.commission
正確答案:D
參考解析:
Dassignment工作,任務;temptation引誘;attempt嘗試,試
圖;com-mission委任,委托。assignment與commission都可
以表示一項任?務,但assignment側重于表示分釀指派的任務,
而commission可以表示委托完成的任務。根據上下文,杰索普需
要說服一些公司加入這次搜索任務,因此用〃委托〃這些公司完成任
務更為貼切,故選D。
10[單選題]
A.introduced
B.persuaded
C.associated
0.stimulated
正確答案:B
參考解析:
Bintroduce介紹;persuade說月艮;associate聯合;stimulate激
勵。由于前文中提到這項任務資金不夠且有風險,可以推斷出此處想
要表達的是〃勸說,說服〃一些公司來投資和加入搜索任務;stimu
—latesbtodosth表示〃激勵某人去做某事〃,與文意不符;其余
兩項的用法分別是:introducesbtosth介紹某人嘗試某物;
associatesb/sthwith把某人/某物與…聯系起來;A、C、D均不
符合文意,故選B。
11[單選題]
A.chance
B.look
C.measure
D.choice
正確答案:A
參考解析:
Achance機會;look看;measure測量,措施;choice選擇。根
據前文提示,杰森普需要尋找愿意承擔風險的人,可以推斷出此處表
示杰森普說服了第四家公司來承擔風險。takeachance為固定搭配,
表示〃冒險〃,等同于前文中提到的taketherisk。takealook表
示〃看一看〃;measure和choice均不與take搭配,且與文意不
符,故選A。
12[單選題]
A.business
B.estate
C.obligation
□.property
正確答案:D
參考解析:
Dbusiness生意,事務;estate地產,貝才產;Obligation義務,責
任;property財產,資產。根據旬意可知,此處要表達的是這些黃
金是英國和蘇聯的財產。從四個選項的詞義可排除A,C兩項。estate
和property都有財產的意思。但property側重于指金錢上的財產,
如:SomeofthestolenpropertywasfoundinMason/
shouse.(在梅森的房子勤戈到了一些被盜的財物。)而estate側重于
指地產,如:HeownsalargeestateinScotland.(他在蘇格蘭有大
量地產。)根據上下文可知property較為合適,故選Do
13[單選題]
A.profit
B.benefit
C.success
0.welfare
正確答案:A
參考解析:
Aprofit益處,收益;benefit益處,;Success成功;welfare
福利。inakeaprofit表示獲利,為固定搭配。四個選項只有profit
可與make搭配。benefit表示獲利時,用其固定搭配benefitfrom
/by,success可用于固定搭酉己makeasuccessofsth,表示〃獲
取成功,取得成就〃,welfare常用于welfareservices表示〃福利
事業〃。本句話意思為〃這兩個國家都希望能夠從中獲利。〃故選A。
14[單選題]
A.about
B.around
C.to
D.from
正確答案:C
參考解析:
Cgetabout四處走動,旅行;getaround勸服(某人),應付(某問
題);getto到達;沒有getfrom這個搭配。這句話要表達的意思是
〃最大的難題是如何到達黃金所在的位置。〃故選Q
15[單選題]
A.get
B.take
C.work
D.try
正確答案:C
參考解析:
Cgetout逃離^akeout取出除掉yvorkout設法弄明白Wyout
試用。根據全文可知搜索團的任務是尋找黃金,由此可推斷出他們檢
查〃愛丁堡號〃的姐妹船〃貝爾法斯特號〃的目的是為了弄清楚黃金
儲藏地一彈藥房的確切位置,故選C。
16[單選題]
A.which
B.where
C.here
D.there
正確答案:B
參考解析:
B此空要堤邯艮定性定語從句的引導詞。非限定性定語從句的作用是
對所修飾的成分做進一步說明,通常有引導詞,且和主句問用逗號隔
開。例如:
Thesouthernstateswantedtosetupacountryoftheirown,
wheretheywouldbefreetokeepblackslaves.(南方各州要建立
一個屬于他們自己的國家,在那里他們將自由地保留黑人奴隸。)由
于前面的先行詞thebombroom表示地點,所以此處需要一個表示
地點的關系副詞where,整個非限定性定語從句修飾bombroom,
表示彈藥房就是黃金所在地,故選B。
17[單選題]
A.on
B.ill
C.among
D.along
正確答案:A
參考解析:
Aon在...上,in在...里面,among處在…中,along沿著??.。該旬
意思是:為了找到黃金,他們需要在船身上切割一個大的正方形,故
選A。
18[單選題]
A.managed
B.achieved
C.succeeded
0.fulfilled
正確答案:A
參考解析:
Amanage處理事務,設法做到;achieve獲得succeed成功fulfill
實現。根據句意可知,經過二十八次潛水,搜索隊終于設法找到了第
一個金錠。managetodosth表示〃設法做成某事〃。其余三項雖
然都含有成功做成某事之意,但均不能用于此搭配,故選A。
19[單選題]
A.before
B.by
C.with
D.round
正確答案:D
參考解析:
D根據后面的finishthejobasquicklyaspossible”可知人們
想盡快完成這項工作,由此可推知此處想要表達的是〃抓緊時間工
作〃,workroundtheclock為固定搭配,表示〃全天候工作、沒
日沒夜地工作〃,故選D。
20[單選題]
A.that
B.much
C.far
D.so
正確答案:D
參考解析:
Dsoasto意思為〃以便,為了〃。在這里做目的狀語,解釋全天候
工作的原因。soastofinishthejobasquicklyaspossible,意思
是〃以便盡快完成這項工作。〃故選D。
材料題
根據以下材料,回答21-25題
Competitionforadmissiontothecountry'stopprivateschoolshas
alwaysbeentough,butthisyearElisabethrealizedithadreachedanew
level.Herwake-upcallcamewhenamancalledtheDaltonSchoolin
Manhattan,whereElisabethisadmissionsdirector,andinquiredabout
theagecutofffortheirkindergartenprogram.Afterprovidingthe
information,sheaskedabouttheageofhischild.Themanpausedforan
uncomfortablylongtimebeforeanswering."Well,wedon'thaveachild
yet.We'retryingtofigureoutwhento
conceiveachildsothebirthdayisnotaproblem."
WorriesarespreadingfromManhattantotherestofthecountry.Precise
currentdataonprivateschoolsareunavailable,butinterviewswith
representativesofindependentschoolsalltoldthe
samestory:anoversupplyofapplicants,higherrejectionrates."Wehave
peoplecallingusforspotstwoyearsdowntheroad,"saidMarilynofthe
SevenHillsSchoolinCincinnati."Wehave
grandparentscallingforpregnantdaughters."Publicopinionpolls
indicatethatAmericans'No.lconcerniseducation.Nowthatthelong
economicboomhasgivenparentsmoredisposable
income,manyareturningtoprivateschools,evenatpricetagsofwell
over$10,000ayear."We'regettingapplicantsfromabroaderarea
geographicallythanweeverhaveinthepast,"said
BetsyoftheLatinSchoolofChicago,whichexperienceda20percent
increaseinapplicationsthisyear.
Theproblemfortheapplicantsisthatwhiledemandhasincreased,
supplyhasnot,"Everyyear,thereareafewchildrenwhodonotfind
places,butthisyear,forthefirsttimethatIknowof,there
areasignificantnumberwithoutplaces/'saidElisabeth.
Sowhatcanparentsdotogivetheir4-year-oldanedge?Schoolsknow
thereisnoeasywaytopickaclasswhenchildrenaresoyoung.Many
schoolsgivepreferencetochildrenoftheirgraduates.Somemakethe
choicebydrawinglots.
Butmostrelyonamixofsubjectiveandobjectivemeasures:teststhatat
bestidentifydevelopmentalmaturityandcognitivepotential,interviews
withparentsandobservationofapplicants
inclassroomsettings.Theyalsowantadiverse'mix.Childrenmayendup
onawaitinglistsimplybecausetheirbirthdaysfallatthewrongtimeof
year;orbecausetoomanyapplicantswereboys.
Theworstthingapatentcandoistopressurepreschoolersto
perform-forexample,bypushingthemtoreadordomathexercises
beforethey'reready.Instead,theexpertssay,parentsshouldtakea
breathandlookforalternatives.Anotheryearinpreschool
maybeallthat'sneeded.
21[單選題]Fromthistextwelearnthatitis.
A.hardertomakeachoicebetweenpublicandprivateschools.
B.hardertogotoprivateschoolsthisyearthanbefore.
C.moredifficulttogotopublicschoolsthantoprivateschools.
D.asdifficulttogotoprivateschoolsthisyearasbefore.
正確答案:B
參考解析:
B該題為細節題。根據第一段第一句
"Competitionforadmissiontothecountry1
stopprivateschoolshasalwaysbeentough,
butthisyearElisabethrealizedithadreachedanewlevel."可
知,進入國家的頂級私立學校的競爭一直以來都很激烈,但是今年伊
麗莎白發現這種競爭達到了一個新的水平。由此可知,今年想進入私
立學校比往年更加困難,而不是跟往年一樣困難,故選B。
22[單選題]Thesentence“Wehavepeople...downtheroad"
(Line4,Paragraph2)probablymeans
A.wehavepeoplecallingUSforparkingspacetwoyearsaheadoftime.
B.peoplecalledUSforpermissiontousetheplacestwoyearsa90.
C.wereceivedcallsfrompeopledowntheroadtwoyearsa90.
0.peoplecalledUSforschoolvacanciestwoyearsinadvance.
正確答案:D
參考解析:
D該題為釋義題。根據后一句
“Wehavegrandparentscallingforpregnantdaughters//可知,
有些家長會提前向私立學校咨詢孩子入學的事情。因此可以推知
“WehavepeoplecallingUSforspotstwoyearsdowntheroa
d"意為〃有人提前兩年就打電話咨詢學校是否會有名額。,故選
D。
23[單選題]Thetextindicatesthatprivateschoolsarevery
selectivebecausethey
A.havenoreliablemethodstopickstudentsforaclass.
B.wantagoodmixtureofboysandgirlsforclasses.
C.encountermoredemandthantheycancopewith.
0.prefertoenrollchildrenoftheirrelatives.
正確答案:C
參考解析:
C該題為推理題。根據第三段
“Theproblemfortheapplicantsisthatwhiledemandhasinc
reased,supplyhasnot."可知申請私立學校的人數在增加,但私
立學校的招生名額卻沒有增加。接著第四段詳細講了一些私立學校如
何選擇學生。由此可推斷,私立學校對學生如此精挑細選的原因在于
有太多的學生申請,他們不得不通過各種方法來選擇學生。選項A
與文章的意思有所出入,第四段第二句
“Schoolsknowthereisnoeasywaytopickaclasswhenchild
renares。young."可知學校認為選擇學生沒有簡單的方法,并不
是如A項所表示的選擇的方法不可靠。選項8是某些學校選擇生源
的方法,即男女比例協調,由此可知A、B兩項不能作為學校精心選
擇學生的原因。選項D在文中沒有提及,故選C。
24[單選題]Fromthetext,wecaninferthattheauthor
A.favorstheideaofputtingchildrenonawaitinglist.
B.agreestotestpreschooler'scognitivepotentials.
C.thinkschildrenshouldbebetterpreparedacademically
0.disapprovesoftheunduepressureonpreschoolers.
正確答案:D
參考解析:
D該題為態度題。由最后一段的第一句
“Theworstthingaparentcalldoistopressurepreschoolers
toperform—forexample.bypushingthemtoreadordomath
exercisesbeforethey'reready/7可知作者認為強迫學齡前兒童
學習是父母做的最糟糕的事。由此可推斷出作者反對給學齡前兒童過
度的壓力,故選D。
25[單選題]WhichofthefollowingCanserveasatitleofthis
text?
A.HardTimeforthePreschoolers
B.ProsperityofPrivateSchools
C.TheProblemforPublicSchools
D.Americans'sNO1Concern
正確答案:A
參考解析:
A該題為主旨題。全文主要講述兒童進入頂級私立學校困難,名額少,
學校篩選過程謹慎,許多父母都在提早為學齡前孩子做準備。選項A
〃學齡前兒童的艱難時代〃符合文意選項B〃私立學校的繁榮興旺〃,
只是涉及文章的部分內容,文章主旨圍繞的是學生申請私立學校困難
這一現象,而不是私立翔本身;選項C〃公立學校的難題",而文
中并沒有提到;選項D〃美國人最關注的問題〃即教育,涉及教育方
面的內容有很多,本文談論的僅僅是其中一方面,該說法過于寬泛,
B.C.D均不符合文意,故選A。
材料題
根據以下材料,回答26-30題
WilliamShakespearedescribedoldageas"secondchildishness"-no
teeth,noeyes,notaste.Inthecaseoftastehemay,musicallyspeaking,
havebeenmoreperceptivethanherealised.ApaperinNeurologyby
GiovanniFrisoniandhiscolleaguesattheNationalCentreforResearch
andCareofAlzheimers'sDiseaseinItaly,showsthatfrontotemporal
dementiacanaffectmusicaldesiresinwaysthatsuggestaregression,if
nottoinfancy,thenatleasttoapatient'steens.
Frontotemporaldementia,adiseaseusuallyfoundwitholdpeople,is
caused,asitsnamesuggests,bydamagetothefrontandsidesofthe
brain.Theseregionsareconcernedwithspeech,andwithsuch"higher"
functionsasabstractthinkingandjudgment.
TwoofsuchpatientsintriguedDrFrisoni.Onewasa68-year-oldlawyer;
theothera73-year-oldhousewife.Bothhadundamagedmemories,but
displayedthesortsofdefectassociatedwithfrontotemporaldementiaa
diagnosisthatwasconfmnedbybrainscanning.
Abouttwoyearsafterhewasfirstdiagnosed,thelawyer,onceaclassical
musicloverwhoreferredtopopmusicas"merenoise",startedlistening
totheItalianpopband"883".Ashiscom-mandoflanguageandhis
emotionalattachmentstofriendsandfamilydeteriorated,hecontinued
tolistentothebandatfullvolumeformanyhoursaday.Thehousewife
hadnotevenhadthelawyer'sloveofclassicalmusic,havingnever
enjoyedmusicofanysortinthepast.Butaboutayearafterherdiagnosis
shebecameveryinterestedinthesongsthather11-year-oldgrand
daughterwaslisteningto.
Thiskindofchangeinmusicaltastewasnotseeninanyofthe
Alzheimer'spatients,andthusappearstobespecifictothosewith
frontotemporaldementia.Andotherstudieshaveremarkedonhow
frontotemporal-dementiapatientssometimesgainnewtalents.Five
suffererswhodevelopedartisticabilitiesareknown.Andinanothercase,
onewomanwiththediseasesuddenlystartedcom-posingandsinging
countryandwesternsongs.
DrFrisonispeculatesthattheillnessiscausingpeopletodevelopanew
attitudetowardsnovelexperiences,Previousstudiesofnovelty-seeking
behavioursuggestthatitismanagedbythebrain'sfightfrontallobe.A
predominanceoftherightovertheleftfrontallobe,causedbydamage
tothelatter,mightthusleadtoaquestfornewexperience.Alternatively,
thedamagemayhaveaffectedsomespecificnervoussystemthatis
neededtoappreciatecertainkindsofmusic.Whetherthatisagainora
lossisadifferentmatter.AsDrFrisoniputsitinhisarticle,thereisno
accountingfortaste.
26[單選題]ThewriterquotesShakespearemainlyto
A.praisethekeenperceptionofthegreatEnglishwriter.
B.supportDr.Frisoni/stheoryaboutadisease.
C.startthediscussiononabraindisease.
D.showthelonghistoryofthedisease.
正確答案:C
參考解析:
C該題為細節加推理題。第一段第一句話莎士比亞把老年階段比做
〃第二次孩子氣〃——沒有牙,視力差,失去味覺。接著整篇文章談
論了一種跟音樂品味有關的大腦疾病——額潁癡呆癥。由此可知,作
者引用莎士比亞的一句話只是為了引出后文,即
,故選
startdiscussiononabraindiseaseCo
27[單選題]Theword“regression"intheIstparagraphisbest
replacedby
A.backwardmovement.
B.unconlledincfination.
C.rapidadvancement.
□.unexpectedrestoration.
正確答案:A
參考解析:
A該題為釋義題。根據第一段最后一句〃…ifnottoinfancy,
thenatleasttoapatientsteens."可知額題癡呆癥可以在某種程
度上引起音樂品味的退化,即便不是退到嬰兒期,也至少會退到病人
十幾歲時,故選A。
28[單選題]Aftercontractingfrontotemporaldementia.the
68-year-oldlawyer
A.becamemoredependentonhisfamily.
B.grewfondofclassicalmusic.
C.recoveredfromlanguageincompetence.
D.enjoyedloudItalianpopularmusic.
正確答案:D
參考解析:
D該題為細節題。根據第四段第一句
“AbouttwoyearsafterheWasfirstdiagnosed,thelawyerz
onceaclassicalmusicloverwhore—ferredtopopmusicas
"merenoise'startedlisteningtotheItalianpoPband'883'
以及第二句〃…
hecontinuedtolistentothebandatfullvolumeformanyho
ursaday."可知,在這位68歲的律師患有額題癡呆癥后,本來只
熱愛古典音樂而把流行音樂比作〃純粹噪音〃的他開始聽意大利流行
樂隊”883〃的歌,而且把音量放到最大,每天持續聽數小時,可知
他享受意大利流行音樂,故選D。
29[單選題]Frontotemporaldementiaisadisease
A.identifiedwithlossofmemory.
B.causingdamagetocertainpartsofthebrain.
C.whosepatientsmaydevelopnewtalents.
D.whosesymptomsaresimilartothoseofAlzheimer'spatients.
正確答案:C
參考解析:
C該題為細節題。根據第三段第三句
“Bothhadundamagedmemories,
butdisplayedthesortsofdefect..71可知額題癡呆癥患者的記憶
都沒有受損,選項A不符合文意;根據第二段第一句
"Tronto-temporaldementia,adiseaseusuallyfound.
witholdpeople,iscaused,asitsnamesuggests,
bydamagetothefrontandsidesofthebrain.”可知,額題癡呆
癥是由大腦前部和側面的損壞引起的,而選項B.表達的意思是額題癡
呆癥會引起大腦某些部分的損毀,與文章原意因果顛倒;根據第五段
第一句
“ThiskindofchangeinmusicaltasteWasnotseeninanyoft
heAlzheimer*spatients,
andthusappearstobespecifictothosewithfrontotemporai
dementia."可知,阿爾茨海默氏病患并沒有出現這種音樂品味的變
化,僅僅是那些患有額顆癡呆的病患有這樣的癥狀,選項D所述額
顆癡呆的癥狀與阿爾茨海默氏病癥狀相似的說法是錯誤的;根據第五
段第二句
“Andotherstudieshaveremarkedonhowfrontotemporal-d
e-mentiapatientssometimesgainnewmlents/可知,有研究
表明額潁癡呆癥有可能使患者獲得新的才能,故選
co
30[單選題]DrFrisoniattributedthepatients'changingmusic
tasteto
A.man'sdesiretoseeknovelexpefience.
B.thedamagetotheleftpartofthebrain.
C.theshiftofpredominancefromthefightlobetotheleft.
D.theweakeningofsomepartofthenervoussystem.
正確答案:D
參考解析:
D該題為細節題。該題可使用排除法。根據最后一段第三句和第四句
〃Apredominanceoftherightovertheleftfrontallobe,
causedbydamagetothelatter,
mightthusleadtoaquestfornewexperience.Alternatively,
thedamagemayhaveaffectedsomespecificnervoussystemt
hatisneededtoappreciatecertainkindsofmusic.〃可知由于左
側額葉的損傷,右側額葉會占據主導地位,這樣導致了病患對新體驗
的追求。或者,左側額葉的損傷可能會影響到一些控制音樂品味的特
定的神經系統。所以,作者將病患音樂品味的變化歸結為左側額葉受
損所導致一些控制音樂品味的特定神經系統的損壞。選項A〃人們
追求新體驗的渴望〃并不是患者音樂品味變化的原因;選項B將原因
歸結為大腦左半邊的損壞,與文章中所述左側額葉受損不符;選項C
將原因歸結為占主導地位的由右側額葉轉為左側額葉,與文中提到的
因左側額葉受損,而右側額葉占主導地位不符,A、B、C三項均不
符合文意,故選D。
材料題
根據以下材料,回答31-35題
Who'stoblame?Thetrailofresponsibilitygoesbeyondpoor
maintenanceofBritishrailways,sayindustrycritics.Stingygovernments
bothLaborandtoryhavecutdownoninvestmentsintrainsandrails.In
themid-1990saConservativegovernmentpushedthroughthesaleof
theentiresubsidy-guzzlingrailnetwork.Operatingfranchiseswere
parceledoutamongprivatecompaniesandaseparatefirm,Railtrack,
wasawardedownershipofthetracksandstations.Inthefuture,
thetheoryranbackthen,theprivatesectorcouldpayforany
improvementswithalittlehelpfromthestateandtaketheblameforany
failings.
todaysurveysshowthattravelersbelieveprivatizationisoneofthe
reasonsfortherailways'sfailures.Theyaskwhetherthepursuitofprofits
iscompatiblewithguaranteeingsafety.Worse,splittingthenetwork
betweencompanieshasmadecoordinationnearlyimpossible."The
railwaywastornapartatprivatizationandthestructurethatwasputin
placewas..,designed,ifwearehonest,tomaximizetheproceedstothe
Treasury,"saidRailtrackbossGeraldCorbettbeforeresigninglastmonth
inthewakeoftheHatfieldcrash.
Generally,thecontrastswithmainlandEuropearestark.Overthepast
fewdecadestheGermans,FrenchandItalianshaveinvested50percent
morethantheBritishintransportationinfrastructure.Asaresult,aweb
ofhigh-speedtrainsnowcrisscrosstheContinent,fundedby
governmentswiltingtocommitstatefundstomajorcapital
p.rojects.Spainiscurrentlyplanning1,000milesofnewhigh-speed
track.InFrancesuperfasttrainsalreadyshuttlebetweenallmajorcities,
oftenondedicatedlines.AndinBritain?WhentheEurostartrainsthat
linkParis,LondonandBrusselsemergefromtheChannelTunnelonto
Britishsoilandjointhecrowdedlocalnetwork,theymustslowdown
froml86mphtoamaximumof100mph-andtheyusuallyhavetogo
evenslower.
Foronce,thegovernmentististening.Afterall,commutersarevoters,
too.Inapre-votespendingspree,thegovernmenthascommitteditseffto
hugeinvestmentintransportation,aswellaseducationandthepublic
healthservice.Overthenext10years,therailwaysshouldgetan
extra~60billion,partlythroughhighersubsidiestotheprivate
companies.AsBlairackoowledgedlastmonth,''Britainhasbeen
underinvestedinandinvestmentiscentraltoBritain'sfuture."You
don'thavetotellthe3millionpassengerswhousetherailwaysevery
day.LastweektrainstoDarlingtonwereanhourlate-andcrawlingat
LocomotionNo.lspeeds.
31[單選題]Inthefirstparagraph,theauthortriesto
A.tracethetragedytoitsdefectiveorigin.
B.remindpeopleofBritain'sgloriouspast.
C.explainthefailureofBritain'srailnetwork.
D.callforimpartialityinassessingthesituation.
正確答案:C
參考解析:
C該題為細節題。在第一段中,作者回顧了英國鐵路的現狀產生的根
源,即鐵路的私有化。根據第一段第一、二句"Whoistoblame?
ThetrailofresponsibilitygoesbeyondpoormaintenanceofB
ritishrailways,sayindustrycritics."可知,英國鐵路系統不健全,
鐵路速度慢的原因不只在于英國鐵路的養護不善。下文對其原因作出
了具體的解釋,故選C。
32[單選題]Travelersnowbetievethattherootcausefor
failuresofBritishrailwayis
A.itsstructuraldesign.
B.thepursuitofprofit.
C.itsinefficientnetwork.
D.thelackofsafetyguarantees.
正確答案:B
參考解析:
B該題為細節題。文章第二段分析了英國鐵路失敗的原因。根據第二
段第二句:"Theyaskwhetherthepursuitofprofitsiscompati
一blewithguaranteeingsafety."以及第二段最后一句
“TherailwayWastorn印
artatprivatizationandthestructurethatwasputinplacewas.
..designed,ifwearehonest,
tomaximizetheproceedstotheTreasury..//可知,英國國家為
了追求財政的擴大,而縮減了鐵路上的補貼,為了金錢利益而忽略了
鐵路安全保障。所以乘客認為鐵路失敗的根本原因在于利益的追求。
故選B。
33[單選題]AccordingtoGeraldCorbett,Britishrailwayis
structured
A.forthebenefitofcommuters.
B.totheadvantageofthegovernment.
C.fortheeffectofbettercoordination.
D.asareplacementoftheprivatesystem.
正確答案:B
參考解析:
B該題為細節題。文章第二段最后一句提到杰拉爾彳惠科貝特說的話
“Therailwaywastornapartatprivatizationandthestructure
thatWasputinplacewas...designedjfwearehonest,tomaxi
—mizetheproceedstotheTreasury../",意思是〃鐵路系統因
為私有化而四分五裂,老實說,鐵路結構的設計是基于最大化地增加
財政收入〃,由此可知杰拉爾彳惠科貝特認為英國的鐵路結構是建立
在政府受益的基礎之上的。故選B。
34[單選題]ComparingBritishrailwaywiththoseofEurope,
theauthorthinks
A.trainsinBritaincanranat100mphatleast.
B.Britainshouldbuildmoreexpresslines.
C.railsinBritainneedfurtherprivafization.
□.BritishrailwayisIe代alongwaybehind.
正確答案:D
參考解析:
D該題為細節題。第三段第一句"Generally,
thecontrastswillmainlandEuropearestark."通常,英國鐵路
與歐洲大陸鐵路的對比很明顯。說明作者認為英國鐵路和歐洲相比還
差很多。選項A和B并不是作者的態度,選項C與作者態度相反,
作者一直講鐵路私有化導致了現在英國鐵路的失敗,所以不可能需要
進一步的私有化。故選D。
35[單選題]WhatdoestheauthorthinkofBlair's
acknowledgement?
A.lt'stoolatetoimprovethesituationquicklyenough.
B.ltsawelcomeddeclarationofcommitment.
C.BIairshouldpreachittoothertravelers.
D.EmptywordsCan'tsolvetheproblem.
正確答案:D
參考解析:
D該題為細節題。最后一段倒數第三句,布萊爾說:〃英國投資不足,
而投資是英國未來的關鍵。〃最后一段的最后兩句表明了作者對布萊
爾所說話的態度,〃Youdorf
thavetotellthe3milhonpassen-gerswhousetherailwayse
veryday.LastweektrainstoDarlingtonwereanhourlate-and
crawlingatLocomotionN0.1speeds//意思是:〃你不必把這些
話告訴三百萬每天坐火車的乘客。上周,去達靈頓的火車晚點了一個
小時以火車第一速度’緩慢爬行。〃因此,作者認為布萊爾只是說空
話、喊口號解決不了問題,故選D。
材料題
根據以下材料,回答36-40題
NomanhasbeenmoreharshlyjudgedthanMachiavelli,especiallyinthe
twocenturiesfollow-inghisdeath.Buthehassincefoundmanyable
championsandthetidehasturned.Theprincehasbeentermedamanual
fortyrants,theeffectofwhichhasbeenmostharmful.But
wereMachiavelli'sdoctrinesreallynew?Didhediscoverthem?He
merelyhadthefranknessandcour-agetowritedownwhateverybody
wasthinkingandwhateverybodyknew.Hemerelygivesus
theimpressionshehadreceivedfromalongandintimateintercourse
withprincesandtheaffairsofstate.ltwasLordBaconwhosaidthat
Machiavellitellsuswhatprincesdo,notwhattheyoughttodo.When
MachiavellitakesCaesarBorgiaasamodel,hedoesnotpraisehimasa
heroatallzbutmerelyasaprincewhowascapableofattainingtheend
inview.Thelifeofthestatewastheprima-ryobject.ltmustbe
maintained.AndMachiavellihaslaiddowntheprinciples,baseduponhis
stud-yandwideexperience,bywhichthismaybeaccomplished.He
wrotefromtheview-pointofthepolitician-notofthemoralist.Whatis
goodpoliticsmaybebadmorals,andinfact,byastrangefatality,where
moralsandpoliticsclash,thelattergenerallygetstheupperhand.And
willanyonecontendthattheprinciplessetforthbyMachiavelliinhis
PrinceorhisDiscourseshaveentirelyper-ishedfromtheearth?Has
diplomacybeenentirelystrippedoffraudandduplicity?Letanyone
readthefamouseighteenthchapterofThePrince:"lnwhatManner
PrincesshouldKeeptheirFaith,"andhewillbeconvincedthatwhatwas
truenearlyfourhundredyearsago,isquiteastruetoday.Ofthe
remainingworksofMachiavellithemostimportantistheHistoryof
Florencewrittenbetween1521and1525,anddedicatedto.Clement
團.ThisbookismerelyarapidreviewoftheMiddle
Ages,andaspartofitthehistoryofFlorence.Machiavelli'smethodhas
beencriticizedforadheringattimestoocloselytothechroniclersofhis
time,andatothersrejectingtheirtestimonywithoutapparentreason,
whileinitsdetailstheauthorityofhisHistoryisoftenquestionable.ltis
thestraightfor-ward,logicalnarrative,whichalwaysholdstheinterestof
thereader,thatisthegreatestcharmoftheHistory.
36[單選題]Itcallbeinferredfromthebeginningofthetext
that
A.manypeopleusedtothinkhighlyofMachiavelli.
B.Machiavellihadbeenveryinfluentialamongtherulers.
C.Machiavelliwaswidelyreadamonghiscontemporaries.
D.lMachiavellihasbeenatargetof.Criticismthroughouthistory.
正確答案:D
參考解析:
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