《英語寫作》試題

2017年10月高等教育自學考試《英語寫作》試題

課程代碼：00603

LSupplythemissingparagraph.

Thefollowingpassageisincompletewithoneparagraphmissing.

Studythepassagecarefullyandwritethemissingparagraphin

about10()words.Makesurethatyourtoneanddictionarein

unitywiththepassageprovided.

MyLoveofLivingaFrugalLifestyle

Forsomereason,itseemsthatfrugalityisoftenassociatedwith

deprivationandbeingcheap.Inmyopinion,truefrugalityisanything

butthis.Frugalityisabouthavingmoreexperiences.It'saboutliving

moreonalittleless.Eversincediscoveringtheworldofpersonal

financeaboutfouryearsago,Evebecometotallyfascinatedbythe

poweroffrugality.1It*salifestyleFvelearnedtoembrace.Iloveliving

afrugallifestylebecausemyeffortshaveresultedinadditionalbenefits

thatgobeyondtheimmediateimpactofcashsavings.Ithasturnedme

intoamoregoal-oriented,resourcefulandappreciativeperson.

Frugalityleadsmetofocusonmypriorities.Mycommitmentto

beingfrugalstartedwithidentifyingmymotivationforembracingthe

lifestyle.WhyamIwillingtogiveupashoppingtriptothemall?What

makesmeunwillingtoeatoutforbirthdaycelebrationsthesefewyears?

Evidently,Ineedtoplacethetoppriorityonpayingoffmystudent

loansbynextyear!Frugalityinspiresmetoconstantlyevaluate

thechoicesEmmakinginorderofimportance.

OneotherrewardisthatfrugalityhashelpedmetoappreciatewhatI

have,whichhasnothingtodowithmoney.WhenIchoosetolivewith

less,IbegintorespectwhatIalreadyhave.Itakebettercareofthe

thingsIownandthisattitudeextendstoappreciatingthebeautyoflife

itself.Ioftenexperiencethisenhancedlevelofthankfulnessforthe

wondersofnatureandtheitemsIvalue,thankstomyfrugalmindset

（思維方式）.Itsoundsclich6,yetthemoregratefulIfeel,thelessIwant.

Tosumup,Itakegreatprideinmypresentfrugalliving.Cutting

backunnecessarypurchasesandthrowingawaythenon-valuestuff

makesroomforwhat'sreallyimportant.Tvelearnedtohandlebudget-

relatedproblemsmoreresourcefully,repairingandreusingolditemsfor

amoresustainable,greenerwayofliving.Spendinglessbut

appreciatingwhatIhaveencouragesmetolivearicherlife.In

manycases,onedoesn'tneedtospendmoneytobehappy.

ILWriteanoutline.

Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandcomposea“topic

outline“forit.

WhenYouRefusetoBeaVictim

Sometimeslifecanbedownrightnasty.Peoplecanwrongyou,cheat

you,betrayyou,andputyouinasituationwhereyouarevictimized.If

youfallavictimtoanabuseorarumor,youmayfeelhopelessand

helpless,orevendesperate.It*sunfortunate,butithappens.Complaints

incaseslikethesecertainlyleadyounowhere.Yourowninitiativedoes.

Itplaysadecisiveroleifyouwanttotakebackcontrolofyourlife.

Theeasiestapproachtotheproblemisaskingwhetheryoucan

removeyourselffromthesituation.Forexample,ifyou'rebetrayedina

relationshipforwhateverreason,canyouputyourselfoutofharm's

Way?Onmanyoccasions,wefindourselveshelplesslyvictimized.It*s

timetochangethat.Youcouldgostaywithafriend,familymember,or

getahotel.Eitherway,refusingtoleavetheharmfulsituationisnot

healthy.

Ifleavingisnotthebestchoice,whatcanyoudo?Moreoftenthan

not,youcannotforceapersontochange,butyoucangreatlyinfluence

him.Youcanactasacatalyst.Forexample,ifyoulivewithafamily

memberwhohasanabuseproblemandtendstobereallymeantoyou,

whatcanyoudo?Youcanstartchangingthesituationbysetting

boundaries.Youcantakeyourpowerbackbylettingthatperson

knowwhatisunacceptable.Youcannotchangeothersit'suptothem,

butyoucaninfluencetheirbehaviorbychanginghowyouinteractwith

them.

Whentheseapproachesfail,acceptingthesituationandthen

changingyourmindsetshouldbeappliedwhereyouhavebeen

victimized.Thisisdefinitelyahardthingtodo,butyoucandoit.Ifa

tragicwronghasbeendone,acceptit,putitinthepastandliveinthe

present.Itmaytaketime,butthegreatestgiftyouhaveisthepresent.

Changingyourmindsetmeansyouwillnolongerassumetheroleof

avictim.Youwillreclaimyourpowerandvoice--theyareyoursand

shouldhaveneverbeentaken.Regardlessofhowyouarevictimized,

youcanchangeyourlifebychangingyourmindset,knowingthatyou

havecompletepoweroveryourthoughts,actionsandreactions.

Youknowwhatwillhappenwhenyoudecidetostopplayingthe

victimandtakeyourlifeback?Alifetimeisfullofpossibilities.You

willhaveyourpersonalpowerback.Yourcreativesparkwillglowto

helpsolveproblemswheremostotherpeoplewouldn^knowwhattodo.

Bytakingbackyourpowerandnolongerplayingthevictim,youwill

havemorefreedom,asyounolongerdependonothers.You

willbecomethemasterofyourownlife.Yousetthepaceanddecide

whatroadtotake.

IILComposeanessay.

Somepeoplearguethatacollegedegreedoesnotnecessarilymean

theholderhassuperiorintellectorstrongercapability.Whatisyour

opinion?Writea300-wordargumentativeessaystatingyourviews.

2018年4月高等教育自學考試《英語寫作》試題

課程代碼：00603

I.Supplythemissingparagraph.(20points)

Thefollowingpassageisincompletewithoneparagraphmissing.Study

thepassagecarefullyandwritethemissingparagraphinabout100

words.Makesurethatyourtoneanddictionareinunitywiththe

passageprovided.

Happiness

Whatmakesapersonhappy?Ifpeoplewanttobehappy,shouldtheyseek

moneyandprofessionalsuccess?Manyexpertsaretryingtofindoutthe

obstaclestohappinessandthewaystoovercomethem.Thestrategiesthey

haveofferedaresimpleyeteffective:tobetruetooneself,avoidcomparison

withothersfinancially,andwelcomelawsandrulesthatincreasethegeneral

happinessofthepopulation.

Oneofthechiefobstaclestohappinessisbeinguntruetoone'srealdesire.

Researchershavefoundthatpeoplewhofbllowtheirauthenticdesires

generallyreportbeinghappierthanthosewhodonot.Atitscore,authenticity

impliesdiscoveringandpursuingwhatpeoplecareaboutmost.TakeLinda's

choiceofcareerasanexample.Shefoundherselfcaughtinthemiddle

betweenherowndreamofbeinganavigatorandfollowingherparents*

adviceofbecomingateacher.Hercompromisetofamilyexpectationsand

socialtraditionshascausedherlifelongregret.Therefore,peopleneedtobe

truetothemselvestoincreasethesenseofpersonalhappiness.

Finally,peopleoftenbenefitfromsomelawsandsocialrules,which

mayevencostmoney,likepayingtaxes.Peopleneedtorealizethatsome

taxescanmakethepublichappier,becausetheyimprovetheoverallqualityof

life.Inonestudyofcigarettetaxes,researchersconcludethat"taxesmay

affectthehappinessofformersmokers(bymakingiteasiertoresistthe

temptationtoresumesmoking)orwould-besmokers(bymakingiteasierto

neverstart

smoking)."Thisexampledemonstrateshowsocialrulescanleadtothe

generalhappinessofitspopulation,eventhroughtheapparentlynegative

practiceofincreasedtaxation.Taxesalsocontributetothefundsavailablefor

othersocialpurposes.Thisfurtherprovestheneedfortaxation.

Thesearemerelythreewaysthatscholarsofhappinessstudies

haverecommendedtohelpenhancepersonalhappiness.Peopleshouldseek

toliveastheirauthenticselvesintheirpersonalandprofessionallives.They

shouldavoidsocialcomparisonandlivewithintheirmeans.Furthermore,

theyshouldwelcomeanypracticethatincreasesthegeneralhappinessofthe

population.Everyonesaystheywanttobehappy,andhappinessstudiesmay

helppeople

learnhowtoleadhappierlivesratherthantopassivelyexpecthappinessto

findthem.

II.Writeanoutline.(20points)

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandcomposeaMsentenceoutlineH

forit.

SmartRavens

Aflockofravensravagingadeadbodymaytechnicallybecalledan

unkindness.Peoplehatethem,butravensarenotterrifying.Dotheyhave

sharp,curvedbeaks(?)thattheyusetoteardeadanimalstopieces?Yes.Are

theircallsclosetoahorrifyingandmysteriouslaugh?Mostdefinitely.But

thatdoesn'tmakethemevil.Rather,theyaremasterminds,goodatmaking

awesomeplansforthefuture.

ThelatestfindingsofravenscomefromtwoSwedishscientistswho

literallyputravenstotest.Upuntilnow,weknowthatravenshavesome

abilitytoplanaheadfortheirownfoodneedsbecausetheyhidefoodtodig

uplater.Thenagain,squirrelsstorefoodinthegroundforlaterandthey're,

well,notthesmartest.Theyforgetabout75percentoftheirnuts,accidentally

plantingmillionsoftreesintheprocess.Andifstupid"squirrelscanbe

biologicallyprograinmedtostorefoodforlater,mayberavensaren'tassmart

aswethought.Exceptobviouslytheyare.

Ravens,asitturnsout,willoftenchoosetogiveupatastynutnowin

favorofgettingabettertreatlater.Facedwithapieceoffoodandatoolthat

theyknowcanopenaboxcontainingmoredeliciousfood,theywillgenerally

choosethetooleveniftheydon'thavetheboxyet.They\elearnedthat

whenresearcherspresentthemwiththeboxin15minutes*time,theycanuse

thattooltounlocktheirprize.That'sgreatvisionrightthere.Evensmall

childrenoftenchoosetoeatoneice-creamimmediatelyratherthanwaitafew

minutesformore.

Thisshouldn'tcomeassuchashock.Ravensalsostealfromeachotherby

watchingcompetitorshidefood,notingthelocation,andreturninglatertodig

itup.Andbecausetheygetstolenfrom,someravenswillactuallypretendto

hidefoodtomisleadthieves.What'smore,theycantellotherravenswhereto

findajuicy,rottinganimalbodyandteamuptoscareofftheircompetitors.

Thatabilitytocommunicateinformationaboutadistantlocationisshared

onlybyants,beesandhumans.Besidesdeceivingoneanothertokeepafood

sourceasecret,theycanalsotakeadvantageofotheranimals.Forexample,

theywouldcallwolvesovertoadeadbodythathasn'tbrokendownenough

yetsothatthewolvescanripitapart,leavingmoreconvenientscrapsfbrthe

ravenstoeat.

Ifallthatdoesn'tmakeyouloveandembraceourravenlords,nothingwill.

Thesebirdsaregeniusesintheirownfightsowhatiftheirlookisalittle

weird?Theirintelligenceisn*ttobefeared;it'stoberevered.

HLComposeanessay.(60points)

Touristsareadvisedtofollowthesaying"WheninRome,doasthe

Romansdo"whiletravelingabroad.Whatwillyoudotobecomeawelcome

touristifyougoabroad?Writea300-wordexpositoryessayexpressingyour

opinion.

2018年10月高等教育自學考試《英語寫作》試題

課程代碼：00603

I.Supplythemissingparagraph.

Thefollowingpassageisincompletewithoneparagraphmissing.

Studythepassagecarefullyandwritethemissingparagraphin

aboutlOOwords.Makesurethatyourtoneanddictionareinunity

withthepassageprovided.

TheBenefitsofSoloJourneys

JohnSteinbeckoncesaid,"Peopledon'ttaketrips--tripstakepeople."A

solotrip,inparticular,canhavelastingbenefits.Generationsofadventurers

havesetoffonjourneysofself-discovery-travelingalonetomany

breathtakingdestinations.Someofthebesttravelmemoirstellstoriesofsolo

travelersfindingthemselvesontheirown.Apartfromeasingtensiontoboost

happiness,thesolitudeduringthetripalsohelpstobuildnewrelationships,

allowforflexibleschedulesandarouseworthyreflections.

Solojourneyscanalleviatemilddepression,therebybringingjoy.Recent

researchhasfoundthattheexpectationofanupcomingvacationboosts

feelingsofhappinessforuptoeightweeksbeforethetrip.Anotherstudyon

adolescentssuggeststhattimespentinsolitudecanhelptoshakeoff

depressioninyoungpeople.Freefromthedistractionsofdailylife,the

travelercanfocushisfullattentiononabsorbingthepresentmomentwithall

thesenses.

Thesolotravelercanbehisownmasteroftheday,becausehedoesnot

havetoadheretoanyoneelse'sschedule.Hecanrelaxasmuchashewants;

hecanrestandloosenupaslongashelikes.Hemightindulgeinfulldays

readingonthebeach,takealeisurelyhike,orsitonabenchadmiringawork

ofart--allonhisown."Theexperiencesaremineandminealone,"saidasolo

traveler.'Tvereallylearnedtoenjoyspendingtimewithmyself.0

Travelingsoloalsooffersagreatchanceforreflection.Asonetravel

memoirwriterstated,nThereisasoul-searchingpowerineachadventureon

yourown."Gettingtoreallyknowoneselfisawonderfiilby-productofasolo

journey.Travelingaloneallowsonetowitnesshowhereactstodifferent

situations.Thosereflectionscanhelphimtogainadeeperunderstandingof

whoheisandwhatmatterstohim.Hewillhaveastrongersenseofselfand

feelmoreself-assured.

Solotravelcanaffordthetravelerthenecessarytimeandsolitudefor

experiencingunexpectedpleasures,buildingnewrelationships,enjoyingthe

slowpaceandthereflectionsoflife.Asidefromalltheexcitementand

adventure,itultimatelyleadstoself-discovery.Thetraveler,oncehittingthe

roadsolo,willfallinlovewithitandthejourneyneverends.

ILWriteanoutline.

Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandcomposea“TopicOutlinen

forit.

LivingTrashFree

Threeyearsago,IheardontheradiothetaleofaBritishcouplewholived

trash-free.Walkinghomefrommylaboratory,ItoldmyroormnatethatI

couldalsodothatandI'dstartsoon."No,"hesaid."Ifyoucareaboutthis,

youstarttoday."Justlikethat,Ibegananexperimentofatrash-freelifein

thefaceoflargeenvironmentalproblems.

TheaverageAmericanproducesaboutfourpoundsoftrashperday,about

1,500poundsperyear.Inmyfirstyearoflivingtrash-free,Iproducedless

thaneightpoundsofwaste.Inyeartwo,Imadeitdowntosixpoundsabout

0.4percentoftheAmericanaverage.Thatwasanaccomplishmentofmy

experiment.

Togetthere,IneededtochangethewayIlived.Icollectedmywaste,

suchasconcerttickets,packagingandglass,anddidn'tthrowitaway.Iknew

myexperimentwouldn'tmakemuchdifference,butIfeltIshoulddoit.Since

unnecessaryconsumptionexistedeverywhere,Ihadtogetcreative.Whena

restaurantfurnishedanapkin-wrappedforkandknife,Iaskedthewaiterto

givemeasetwithoutthenapkin.Icardedafbrk,aspoon,aplateandabowl

whereverIwent,justincasethefoodwasservedonlywithplastictoeatwith.

Sometimesitwasawkward.

ThehardestpartwasfiguringoutthebestwaytotalkaboutwhatIwas

doing.Itisimportanttospeaktopeopleinalanguagetheyunderstandfrom

theirbackground.Also,bigissuessuchastrashandrecyclingaretiedto

otherbigissuessuchaseconomicgrowthandclimatechange.So,aslwrote

abouttheexperimentonreducingtrash,Ihadtodiscusseconomy,peace,

poverty,andsoon.Itwasmuchhardertoexplainallthatthan

simplyannouncingmyselfasavegetarian,forinstance.

SometimesIfailed,assomepeopledidn*tseetheneedofmyexperiment.

Moreoften,though,peoplegavemetheirsupport.Theexperimentinspired

otherstodosimilarexperimentsontheirown.AcoupleoffriendsinAnn

Arboraredoingitforayear.Theireffortshavepaidoff.AnnArbor

hasbecomeoneofthemostenvironmentallyconsciouscitiesinAmerica.

WhenIvisitthatcitynow,Icangetnearlyallofmyfoodunpackaged.There

areseveralgreatsecondhandstoresIcangoto,ifIreallyneedsomething.I

cangetshoesandtoolsthatdon'tcomeinpaperorplasticboxes.

Humanshavecausedterribleproblems:Thepolaricecapsaremelting,

andtheoceansarefulloftrash.Myprojectdidnotreshapethosetrends.But

myviewsonconsumptionandsocialchangehadanimpact.Myexperiment

oftrash-freelifeallowedmetoanswerthequestionofhowwestandupin

thefaceoflargeenvironmentalproblems.Iamconvincedeachindividualcan

helptocreateexamplesandcommunitiesofchange.

III.Composeanessay.(60points)

Somepeoplethinkthatonlineshopswilleventuallyreplaceentityshops

(offlineshops).Whatisyouropinion?Writea300-wordargumentativeessay

statingyourviews.

房21年4月高等教育自學考試《英語寫作》試題

課程代碼：00603

LSupplythemissingparagraph.(20points)

Thefollowingpassageisincompletewithoneparagraphmissing.Study

thepassagecarefullyandwritethemissingparagraphinabout100

words.Makesurethatyourtoneanddictionareinunitywiththe

passageprovided.

WhyWeLoveHolidayRitualsandTraditions

Themerethoughtofholidaytraditionsbringssmilestomostpeople's

facesandelicitsfeelingsofsweetanticipationandnostalgia.Holidayrituals

areburstingwithsensorypageantry.Thefireworksorflowerssignaltoallof

oursensesthatthisisnocommonoccasion.Suchasensoryfeasthelpscreate

lastingrecollectionsofthoseoccasionsandmarkstheminourmemoryas

specialeventsworthcherishing.Indeed,thereareplentyofreasonstovalue

familyrituals.Theycanhelpustakearespitefromthedailygrind,

enjoyfestivemealsandconnectwithourlovedones.

Everydaylifeisstressfulandfullofuncertainty.Havingaspecialtimeof

theyearwhenweknowexactlywhattodoandhowtodoitprovidesa

comfortablesenseofstructure,controlandstability.Holidaytraditions

compriserituais.Thestructuredandrepetitiveactionsinsuchritualscanact

asabufferagainstanxietybymakingourworldmorepredictable.Forthis

reason,morepeopletravelduringtheyear-endholidays.Gatheringtogether

fromremotelocationshelpspeopleleavetheirworriesbehind,andatthe

sametimeletsthemreconnectwithtime-honoredfamilytraditions.

Themostimportantfunctionofholidayritualsistheirroleinmaintaining

andstrengtheningfamilyties.Infact,forrelativeswholivefarapart,holiday

ritualsmaybethegluethatholdsthefamilytogether.Ritualsareapowerful

markerofidentityandgroupmembership.Takingpartincollectiverituals

createsfeelingsofbelongingandincreasedgenerositytowardothermembers

ofthegroup.It'snosurprise,then,thatspendingtheholidayswiththein-

lawsforthefirsttimeisoftenregardedasariteofpassageasignoftrue

familymembership.

Holidayritualsstrengthenfamilyharmony.Sure,wemightneedtotake

threeflightstogetthere.Andourunclemightgetdrunkandstartan

argumentwithhisson-in-lawagain.Butwhenweevaluatepastexperiences,

wetendtorememberthebestmomentsandthelastmoments.Inotherwords,

ourmemoryofthefamilyholidaywillmostlyconsistofallthejoyfulrituals,

thegoodfood,andthewarmgoodbyehugs(afterourunclemadeupwithhis

son-in-law).Aftergettingbackhome,we'llhavesomethingtolookforward

tofornextyear.

ILWriteanoutline.(20points)

Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandcomposea"TopicOutline"forit.

HowtoMakeFriends

Whatarefriendsfor?Thisisn'tarhetoricalquestion,butofessential

concernforeverybody.Wemightfindfriendsextremelyvaluableindifficult

situations.Thetruthisthatfriendshipisalwaysoneoflife'smostimportant

features,andonetoooftentakenforgranted.Asamatteroffact,making

friendsrequirestimeandeffort,sometimesinvolvingstrategy.

Thehumandesireforcompanionshipmaybeboundless,butresearch

suggeststhatoursocialcapitalisfinite--wecanhandleonlysomany

relationshipsatonetime.Socialscientistshaveusedanumberofingenious

approachestogaugethesizeofpeople'ssocialnetworks;thesehavereturned

estimatesrangingfromabout250toabout5,500people,thoughaStanford

thesisfocusingexclusivelyonFranklinD.Roosevelt,afriendlyguywithan

especiallysocialjob,suggestedthathemighthavehadasmanyas22,500

acquaintances.Lookingmorespecificallyatfriendship,astudyusingthe

exchangeofChristmascardsasanindicatorforclosenessputtheaverage

person'sfriendgroupatabout121people.

Howevervastournetworksmaybe,ourinnercircletendstobemuch

smaller.TheaverageAmericantrustsonly10to20people.Moreover,that

numbermaybeshrinking:From1985to2004,theaveragenumberofbosom

friendsthatpeoplereporteddecreasedfromthreetotwo.Thisisbothsadand

consequential,becausepeoplewhohavestrongsocialrelationshipstendto

livelongerthanthosewhodon't.

Sowhatshouldyoudoifyoursociallifeislacking?Here,research

findingscanbeinstructive.

Generallyspeaking,peopletendtodismissthehumbleacquaintance.

However,buildingdeeperfriendshipfromacquaintancemaybelargelya

matterofputtingintime.Arecentstudyfoundthatittakesabout50hoursof

socializingtogofromanacquaintancetoacasualfriend,anadditional40

hourstobecomeaHrealHfriend,andatotalof200hourstobecomeaclose

friend.

Ifthatsoundsliketoomucheffort,revivingdormantsocialtiescanbe

especiallyrewarding.Reconnectedfriendscanquicklyrecapturemuchofthe

trusttheypreviouslybuilt,whileofferingeachotheradashofnoveltydrawn

fromwhatevertheyrvebeenuptointhemeantime.

Andifbothfail,youcouldstartrandomlyconfidinginpeopleyoudon't

knowthatwellinhopesoflettingthetailwagtherelationaldog.Sharing

personalstoriesmakesusmorelikable,andasabonus,wearemoreinclined

tolikethosetowhomwehavebaredoursoul.

Theacademicliteratureisclear:Longingforclosenessandconnectionis

pervasive,whichsuggeststhatmostofusarestumblingthroughtheworld

yearningforcompanionshipthatcouldbeeasilyprovidedbythelonesome

peopleallaroundus.Sosetasidethisarticle,mmtosomeonenearby,andtry

tomakeafriend.

IILComposeanessay.(60points)

Manypeopleenvyothers1possessionsorstatusinsteadofcherishingtheir

own,asdescribedinthesaying"Thegrassisalwaysgreenerontheother

side."Whatdoyouthinkofit?Writea300-wordexpositoryessaytoexpress

youropinioninthisrespect.

2021年10月高等教育自學考試《英語寫作》試題

課程代碼：00603

LSupplythemissingparagraph.(20points)

Thefollowingpassageisincompletewithoneparagraphmissing.

Studythepassage

carefullyandwritethemissingparagraphinaboutlOOwords.Make

surethatyourtone

anddictionareinunitywiththepassageprovided.

SmartphoneMania

Didyourfather*soldcarjustblowtworeartiresonaruraldirtroad?

Don'tworry,pickupyoursmartphoneandopenacarserviceapp.Whether

youarestuckinahorrendoustrafficjamorrelaxinginaromanticrestaurant,

thesmartphone,oneoftheworld'slatesthigh-techgadgets,maybeeitherthe

answertoyourprayersoramajorthominyourflesh.Likeitornot,the

smartphoneisindispensableinyourlife.Whilethistechnologicaldevice

positivelyaffectssocietybyprovidinginstantcommunication,italso

dehumanizes(使喪失性情)relationshipsandthreatensanindividuaFsrightto

privacy.

Thesmartphone'spositiveeffectonsocietystemsfromitsabilityto

provideinstantcommunication.Thedeviceisinvaluabletocarowners.

Nothingmakesamotoristwithadefectiveenginehappierthanopeningan

apponhissmartphoneandreceivingamessage,nThetowtruckshouldarrive

intenminutes."Besides,smartphoneshelpkeepfriendsandfamilymembers

intouch.Forexample,aminutebeforemidnight,theparentsofa16-year-old

canvideocalltheirsonandgentlyshriek,"Gethomenow,oryouwill

begroundedforthenextsixmonths."Inshort,thesmartphone'sability

toallowanyonetobereachedatanytimeisagreatcomfort.

Ironically,thetechnologicaldevicethatbindssocietytogetheralso

threatenstodestroyitthroughtheprocessofdehumanization.Juststride

downthemainstreetinthecityandinlessthanfiveminutesyouwill

observeahundredpassers-byignoringeachotherastheymindlesslybrowse

theirWechatmoments.Literally,smartphonesarereplacingliving,breathing

humanbeings.Somephoneowners,fbrexample,canbeheardwhispering

sweetnothings,suchas"Whereareyou,darling?"totheirbeloved

smartphones.Thesmartphone,alongwithothertechnologicaladvancements,

removesthe"human11elementfromsociety.

So,yourboyfriendtriedtopopthebigquestionbutyoucouldn'thearhim,

becauseanotherdinefssmartphoneconversationdrownedouthissoft,

romanticwords.Then,whydidyoukissyourphoneyesterdayaftersearching

themaponlinewhenyouwerehopelesslylostinthecenterofthecity?Even

thoughsmartphones,thegreatcommunicators,dehumanizerelationshipsand

threatenourprivacy,theyaretoodeeplyembeddedintoday'ssocietyto

becomeobsolete.

II.Writeanoutline.(20points)

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandcomposeanTopicOutlineH

forit.

KnowledgeAboutDifferentCulturesIsShakingtheFoundationsof

Psychology

PsychologywasdevelopedlargelyinNorthAmericaandEurope.Some

wouldargueit'sbeenremarkablysuccessfulinunderstandingwhatdrives

humanbehaviorandmentalprocesses,whichhavelongbeenthoughttobe

universal.Butinrecentdecades,someresearchershavestartedquestioning

thisapproach,arguingthatmanypsychologicalphenomenaareshapedbythe

culturewelivein.

Considerwhichtwooftheseobjectsgotogether:apanda,amonkeyanda

banana.RespondentsfromWesterncountriesroutinelys