考向32閱讀理解（記敘文）（2021·江蘇淮安·中考真題）Christmaswasing.Therewasamaninrags(衣衫襤褸)walkinginahurryontheroad.Youmightthinkhewasabeggar(乞討者),butactuallyhewasanartist.HisnamewasVincentWillemVanGogh.Withapaintinghehadjustfinished,thepoorVincententeredapaintingstore.“Canyoubuythispaintingtohelpmepaytherent(房租)?”Vincentaskedinalowvoice.“Idon’treallylikeyourpainting,butitissaidthatyouarehardworkingandIwanttohelpyou,Hereisfivefrancs(法郎),”thestorekeeperanswered.Althoughitwasonlyfivefrancs,Vincentwasveryhappy.Hetookthemoneyandsaidthanks,thinkingthathecouldbuysomefoodandpaytherent.Nearhishome,Vincentsawalittlegirlinoldclothesstandinginthesnow.Thegirlsmiledsadlyattheartistaskingforsomehelp.Clearly,thegirlwashungryandcold.“Poorchild!Ishouldhelpher,”hethought.Vincentputthefivefrancsintothegirl’shands,pletelyforgettingthathestillneededmoneytopaytherent.Beforethegirlsaidthankstohim,Vincenthadhurriedawaywithhisemptystomach.1．Thestoryhappenedin________.A．spring B．summer C．autumn D．winter2．VincentWillemVanGoghwasa(n)________.A．beggar B．artist C．farmer D．storekeeper3．ThestorekeepergaveVincentfivefrancsbecause________.A．hethoughtVincentwasabeggar B．helikedVincent’spaintingverymuchC．hewantedtohelpthehardworkingman D．hewantedtomakefriendswithVincent4．WhatdidVincentdotohelpthepoorgirl?A．Hepaintedapictureforher. B．Hepaidtherentforthegirl.C．Heboughthersomefoodandclothes. D．Hegavethegirlfivefrancs.5．Fromthestory,weknowthatVincentwas________.A．kind B．rich C．famous D．creative【答案】1．D2．B3．C4．D5．A【解析】文章講述了著名藝術家梵高的一則故事。圣誕將至，梵高付不起房租，沒錢買食物，只得把自己的畫作便宜地賣了；在回家途中遇到一個又餓又冷的小女孩，他還是把身上僅有的賣畫所得的五法郎給了她，自己餓著肚子走了。1．判斷推理題。根據倒數第四段“Nearhishome,Vincentsawalittlegirlinoldclothesstandinginthesnow.”可知梵高在雪地里看到一個小女孩，所以推斷出故事發生在冬天。故選D。2．細節理解題。根據第一段中“Youmightthinkhewasabeggar(乞討者),butactuallyhewasanartist.”可知，梵高是一名藝術家。故選B。3．細節理解題。根據第二段中店主的話“Idon’treallylikeyourpainting,butitissaidthatyouarehardworkingandIwanttohelpyou”可知店主聽說梵高刻苦勤奮，所以決定幫助他。故選C。4．細節理解題。根據最后一段第一句“Vincentputthefivefrancsintothegirl’shands,pletelyforgettingthathestillneededmoneytopaytherent.”可知，梵高把賣畫所得的五法郎都給了雪地中的小女孩。故選D。5．判斷推理題。結合全文語境，尤其是最后一段可知，盡管梵高自己窮困潦倒，他還是傾盡一切去幫助別人，說明他是個好心善良的人。故選A。記敘文體裁文章的閱讀技巧記敘文主要是記敘一件事情。記敘文類包括故事、傳記、新聞報導等。一般說來，記敘文有時間、地點、人物、事件、原因和結果六要素，寫人的文章，可能介紹人物的身世、經歷和事跡等；敘事時，可能談到事情發生與發展的過程以及事情發生的前因后果等。閱讀記敘文體裁的文章時應首先抓住下面的重要信息：A.記敘的對象B.記敘的要素（人物、事件、時間、地點、原因和結果）C.敘述的人稱（第一人稱/第三人稱）D.記敘的順序或方法（順敘、倒敘和插敘）E.敘述的線索（以時間為線索；以地點為線索；以事件發展的過程為線索；以事物的象征意義為線索；以人物的思想行為及認知的過程為線索）一、閱讀技巧1.

要快速瀏覽全文，圈出重要的連接詞（如and，but等），掌握主旨和大意，特別注意文章的主題句里出作者的寫作思路。2.

要盡快瀏覽短文后的思考題，盡量帶著題目中的問題再讀文章。3.

完成事實細節題要先劃出題干中的主謂賓，然后利用這些詞去文中找到定位句。4.

要把有關于who，what，where，how，why等方面內容圈出來，5.

遇到推理判斷題時，要注意作者態度和命題人的意圖，尤其注意關系連接詞和符號變化，不要憑個人直覺胡亂猜測。二、做題技巧：1.

猜詞題。（1）根據生活常識猜測詞義。（2）根據上下文、前后句的意思來猜測詞義（3）根據轉折、因果關系猜測詞義。（4）通過同義詞、反義詞及或并列詞的關系猜測詞義。（5）通過構詞法猜詞（否定前綴：unindisim；名詞后綴：ment，er,or,ress,ist等等）。（6）通過前后給出的定義句或解釋句來推測詞義。2.

細節理解題。（1）首先瀏覽也把你題目看清題目要求理解什么細節，還是那句話，畫題干關鍵詞。（2）然后有選擇性的在文中找出相應的段落，句子或短語。（3）認真分析比對，選出正確答案。注意同詞復現、同句復現等。3.

主旨題無論是在段落中還是文章中是明顯還是隱蔽，主旨的提出主要有四種情況，（1）首段或首句開門見山提出核心問題。（2）文章中間段或段落中間句給出中心，（3）段落末句或文章末段對全段或全文進行總結概括，得出段落主題句或文章主旨句。（4）文章或段落中不明確給出中心，考生要根據各段中心或各句的內容進行總結，自己推出的主旨。（5）文章出現頻率極高的詞，很有可能與主旨或標題關鍵詞相關；選主旨句或標題時，過于絕對、過于片面、過于寬泛的不選。4.判斷題（1）

注意是選擇錯誤的還是正確的選項；（2）劃出選項中的主謂賓、連詞等關鍵詞，回到文中仔細比對。5.

推理題（1）判斷原則：注意包含infer，

imply，conclusion，conclude，summary等詞的題目多為推理題。（2）通讀全文，尤其是首尾段，迅速把握主旨；（3）通讀選項，每個選項都要勾畫關鍵詞，做到能理解選項的大致意思即可；（4）迅速找到選項所在的段落，重點關注段落中心句和邏輯關系，推理題的答案一般是對文章或段落中心句的同義替換；（5）命題方式：一般是正話反說，反話正說，無中生有，關鍵詞替換，張冠李戴等。信息摘錄題做題技巧一、

文章與表格結構分析

1.

準確理解文章大意，注意文章首尾段或段落首尾句，以及表格前的小標題，或者文章中反復出現的詞（此類詞多數與主旨相關）。2.Mainidea（主旨/標題）通常以名詞或名詞詞組為主，這里可能會考察到詞性轉換。如動詞變名詞、形容詞變名詞等。3.

理清文章的主體結構，正確獲取信息：先表后文（或先圖后文），題目所給的表格或圖表相當于文章的主題框架（思維導圖），先看圖表可以幫助你瀝青文章的結構及信息分布情況。4.標記圖表中的關鍵詞：（1）標記名詞、動詞、形容詞和介詞短語等；（2）時間、人物、地點、方法、經過、原因、結果等。5.在閱讀文章的基礎上將所有信息進行加工處理，按要求作答。一般情況下需要檢查：（1）單詞拼寫是否正確；（2）首字母是否需要大寫；（3）詞數控制（一般不超過3個單詞）。（4）答題時還要注意對稱性，注意空格前后所給信息的格式，前后是名詞或名詞詞組，空格內容也應是，前后所給信息是“ving”形式，空格也應是“ving”形式。二、題型分析1.

直接照抄信息題——查讀法獲取信息：（1）先看圖表，標記關鍵詞，單著問題和關鍵詞有目的地在文中細節處和關鍵處做標記；（2）根據最醒目的字眼找答案：與年齡age、數字number、時間time、地點place相關的詞；（3）關鍵信息詞：first，then，afterthat，next，finally，but，because，while（然而），instead，differentfrom（不同于），onthecontrary（相反）

2.

概括歸納題：（1）改變詞性，形容詞→名詞/副詞/動詞等；動詞→名詞/副詞/動詞等。eg：Itmaybehelpfulto

explain

whythedirectresultisso

important.→Explainingtheimportance

ofthedirectresultmaybehelpful.（2）省略掉不重要的詞。eg：Itmaybealsohelpfultoexplainthepossiblebenefits

involved.→Explaining

thepossiblebenefits.（3）縮減法：把句子變短語、短語變詞組、詞組變單詞。eg：Givingenoughencouragementtothestaff=EncouragingthestaffTheinstantcoffeerapidlygetspopularity→

Theproductispopular.（4）上下結構一致。eg：Noticing

thedetails→Finding

theanswer.→Finishingthequestion.（5）空格中也有可能填寫文中出現的關鍵詞的反義詞、近義詞或上/下義詞。（6）名詞詞組可以用所有格（名詞’s）代替。（7）使用前后綴。如名詞后綴：ment，tion，sion……；否定前綴：in，

im，dis

，un……Passage1“Ispentmywholelifedoingonething,”GuFangzhouoncesaid.Knownas“thefatherofsugarpills(糖丸)”,Gudiedatage92onJanuary2,2019.Hewasalso“thePeople’sScientist”forhispolio(脊髓灰質炎)research.GuFangzhou,afamousmedicalscientist,wasborninJune,1926.Gu’sfamilyfacedadifficulttimewiththesuddendeathofhisfather.HestudiedhardandfinallyenteredPekingUniversityasamedicalstudentin1944.Aftergraduatingfromuniversity,Gumadethedecisiontoworktohelpimprovepublichealth.In1955,poliobrokeoutinNantong,JiangsuProvince.Itmade1,680peopledisable,mostlychildrenagedbelowseven.Itspreadtoneighboringareasandmade466peopledie.Guwasaskedtoleadpolioresearchin1957.“Atthattimetheonlywaytopreventpoliowastoinventavaccine(疫苗),”saidGu.In1959Gusucceededindevelopingthefirstpoliolivevaccine.Later,hedevelopedthe“sugarpill”vaccineintheearly1960s.Itnotonlytastedbetterbutwasmoreaffordable(買得起的)andeasiertokeep.Inordertotestthevaccine,Guhimselftriedthevaccineandlaterhisonemontholdsonwasvaccinated(接種疫苗).Thisencouragedhisteamtotrythevaccineontheirkids.TheybecamethefirstgroupofpeopleinChinatotryapoliovaccine.“Ifwedon’tbelieveinwhatweproduce,howcanothersbelieveinit?”saidGu.Gradually,thesugarpoliovaccinewasmadeavailableinChina.Itsavedmillionsofpeople,especiallykids,frombeingdisabled.In2000,theWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)announcedthatChinawasalreadyapoliofree(無脊髓灰質炎)country.“Wefeelsatisfied.IcantellpeoplethatItriedmybest,andyourkidswillnolongergetpolio,”saidGu.“That’sallwehopedfor.”1．Thethirdparagraphmainlytellsus________.A．whyGuFangzhoudidhisresearchB．howGuFangzhou’sresearchwasdoneC．whatdifferenceGuFangzhou’sresearchmadeD．whatdifficultiesGuFangzhoufacedwhiledoinghisresearch2．WhowasthefirstpersontotrythepoliovaccineinChina?A．GuFangzhou’sson. B．GuFangzhou’spartner.C．GuFangzhouhimself. D．GuFangzhou’spartner’skid.3．WhendidtheWHOconsiderChinatobeapoliofreecountry?A．Eightmonthsago. B．Intheearly1960s.C．InJanuaryoflastyear. D．Atthebeginningofthiscentury.4．Thewriterwrotethepassagemainlyto________.A．givefactsaboutthepoliovaccine B．introduceagreatmedicalscientistC．reportanimportantmedicalinvention D．describethehardworkofpreventingpolioPassage2Ageneralwasgoingtofightastrongenemy.Hehadonlyonetenththenumberofmentheenemyhad.Hearingthisnews,thesoldiers(士兵)wereworried.Theydidn’tthinktheycouldpossiblywin.Thegeneralthoughtforawhileandthenhadanidea.Hetoldhissoldiersthattheycouldwinthefightonlyiftheyfollowedhisnewplan.Onthewaytothebattlefield(戰場),thegeneralstoppedatatempleandtoldhismen,“Aftermyvisittothetemple,Iwilltoss(投擲)acoin.Ifitesupheads,wewillwin;iftails(背面),wewilllose.Destiny(命運)holdsusinherhand.”Thegeneralwentintothetempleandwishedforvictory.Thenhecameoutandtossedacoininfrontofhismen.Thecoincameupheads.Thesoldierswereamazedandthoughttheywouldwintheingfight.Theyfoughthardandwonintheend.“Noonecanchangethehandofdestiny,”oneofhismentoldthegeneralaftertheywonthefight.Theybelievedthatthegodshadplannedforthemtowinthefight.“Infact,itwasnotlikethat,”thegeneralsaid,takingoutthecoin.Thesoldierswalkeduptoseewhatitwas,butonlysawacoinwithheadsonbothsides.Thecointossmighthavebeen“fake”,buttheirconfidenceandcouragewerestillreal.根據短文內容選擇最佳選項。5．Whywerethesoldiersworriedatthebeginningofthestory?A．Becausetheydidn’thaveastronggeneral.B．Becausetheydidn’thaveagoodplan.C．Becausetheyhadlostafightonce.D．Becausetheenemyhadalotmoresoldiersthanthem.6．Afterseeingthecoincameupheads,thesoldiersthought__________.A．thegeneralchangedtheirdestiny B．winningthefightwastheirdestinyC．losingthefightwastheirdestiny D．winningthefightwastheenemy’sdestiny7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fake”probablymean?A．Real. B．Notreal. C．Wise. D．Notwise.8．Whatactuallymadethesoldierswinintheend?A．Thehelpfromthegods. B．Thenumbersofthesoldiers.C．Confidenceandcourage. D．Hardworkandskills.9．Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?A．Destinyholdsusinherhand.B．Weshouldsolveproblemsbyourselves.C．Beconfidentandbravewhenwefacedifficulties.D．Waitforhelpwhenwefacedifficulties.Passage1（2021·福建省惠安荷山中學模擬預測）ThisstoryhappenedduringourtriptotheUSin2013.MyhusbandandIdecidedonvisitingCapeCod,abeautifulsearesort（旅游勝地）,whichwasaboutthreehours’drivefromthecityofBoston.WehadagreattimeinCapeCodandreturnedtoBostonatsixintheevening.Myhusbandhasaverygoodmemoryandagoodsenseofdirection,soIblindlyfollowedhim,withoutknowingwherewewereheadingto.Andthen,however,wefoundthatwegotlost.Havingnootheroption,weturnedtoayoungAmericanguy.Onhearingourproblem,hetookustothestation,whichwasafewblocksaway.Onreachingthere,wewantedtobuytheticketsofthetrainbyusingthedollarcoinsbutthemachinedidn’twork.Ayoungwomanwhowasstandingnearthemachinetoldusthatthemachinewasoutoforder.Onhearingthis,theyoungAmericanguy,evenwithoutthinkingforamoment,tookouthiscreditcard（信用卡）andboughttheticketsforus.“Hereyougo,”saidhe,withasmileandhandedovertheticketstous.Wewantedtogivehimtheticketmoney,butherefusedourofferandwehadthefeelingthathewasnotexpectingitfromus.“No,thanks,”saidheandtoldustohurryupinordertocatchthetrainwhichwasgoingtoleaveinthenextfewminutes.“Goodbyeandhaveagreatday,”saidheandwavedtous.Deeplymoved,wethankedhimandshookhandswithhim.Onreachinghome,wetoldourfamilyaboutthisandwantedtothankhimagainthroughthelocalnewspaperbutfoundthatwehadforgottentogethisnameinagreathurry!1．Whohelpedthecoupleduringtheirreturntrip?A．Twogirls. B．Ayoungman. C．Anoldlady. D．Anoldman.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“option”inparagraph1probablymeaninChinese?A．方向 B．選擇 C．愛好 D．朋友3．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．CapeCodisthreemilesfromBoston.B．CapeCodisabeautifulsearesortintheUK.C．ThecouplehadagreattimeinCapeCod.D．Noonehelpedthecouplewhentheygotlost.4．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheyoungguy?A．Rich. B．Boring. C．Funny. D．Warmhearted.5．Whatcanweknowaboutthecouple?A．Theyhadnomoneytobuythetickets.B．Astrangerusedhiscreditcardtobuythemthetickets.C．Theygavethestrangersomemoneytothankhim.D．Alocalnewspaperhelpedthemfindoutthestranger.Passage2（2021·福建省惠安荷山中學模擬預測）Iusedtobeapessimist(悲觀主義者),thinkingthattheworstthingmighthappenineverysituation.Lastyear,mymotherhadaseriousillness.IfeltmywholeworldturnupsidedownandIhadnoideawhatIcoulddotohelpherwithherpain.IoftencriedwheneverIwasalone.Lastmonth,Ilostanexpensivedressthatwasabirthdaypresentfrommyfather.IcouldnotfallasleepforafewnightsbecauseIfeltsoterribleabouttheloss.Therehavebeenmanythingsliketheseinmylife.Ireallydidn’tknowhowtodealwiththemuntilIreadIfYouHaveaLemon,MakeaLemonadebyanAmericanwriter,DaleCarnegie.“Whenthewisemanishandedalemon,heasks:‘HowcanIturnthislemonintoalemonade?HowcanIimprovemysituation?WhatlessoncanIlearnfromthis?’”hewrote.Isuddenlyrealizedthatlifeisfullofupsanddowns,soIdecidedtostaypositive(積極的)allthetime.NowwhenIthinkofmypast,IwishIcouldhavedealtwiththingsdifferently.Whenmymotherwasfightingwithherillness,Ishouldhaveheldherhandsinmine,tellingherthatthingswouldgetbetterinsteadofhidingandcrying.Recently,Itookpartinaschoolsingingpetition.Ididn’twinaprize.IfIhadnotreadthearticle,Iwouldbesadanddisappointedagain.ButIsmiledafterthepetitionbecauseatleast,Ihadgotsomeexperienceinthesingingpetition.Lifeisnotjustabedofroses.Therearethorns(刺)aswell,butthesethornshelpusbeebraverandbetter.Whenlifeoffersusalemon,let’strytomakealemonade.6．Whatkindofthingmighthappenineverysituation,accordingtoapessimist?A．Theworstthing. B．Thebestthing. C．Thehappiestthing. D．Thelatestthing.7．Thebirthdaypresentthatthewriterlostwasfrom.A．hermother B．herfather C．herbrother D．hersister8．Whichpictureexpressesthewriter’sfinalunderstandingoflife?A． B． C． D．9．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．Lemonstastedmoredeliciousinthepast.B．Thewriterlookedafterhersickmotherwell.C．Thesingingpetitionmadethewritersad.D．Thornsinlifecanhelpusbeebetter.10．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．ABedofRoses B．AnArticleIEnjoyMostC．TurningaLemonintoaLemonade D．AGreatSingingpetitionPassage3（2021·山西太原·三模）Theyear2021marksthe100birthdayofthemunistPartyofChinaand“redtourism”hasbeeahit.Manymiddleschoolstudentsgoouttolearnthingsoutoftextbooks.Hereistheintroductionoffourhistoricalheroesinamemorialhall.In1960,LeiFengbecameasoliderandsoonjoinedthemunistParty.Hedidmanygooddeedsinhislife.Forexample,hegavemoneytotheparentsofanothersoldier,andboughtticketsforastranger.Afterhisdeath,ChairmanMaocalledonpeopletolearnfromhim.LeiFengismorethananameinChina;he’sasymbolofselflessness(無私)andmodesty.LiuHulanwasborninWenshui,ShanxiandjoinedthePartyin1946.Tosupportthearmy,sheofferedfood,passedsecretmessagesandsoon.OnJanuary12,1947,attheageof14yearsold,shewaskilledbytheenemyforsherefusedtobetray(背叛)herpartnersintheParty.Shewasreallyloyal(忠誠的)totheParty.JustasChairmanMaowrote“agreatlifeagloriousdeath”.BorninJingleCounty,GaoJunyugraduatedfromtheFirstMiddleSchoolofShanxi.ThenheenteredPekingUniversityandtookpartintheMay4thMovementof1919.In1921,hejoinedthemunistPartyandbecamethefirstpartymemberinShanxi.HealsotriedtosetupthemunistYouthLeagueinShanxi.In1925,hediedofillnessandwasburiedinTaorantingPark:JiaoYulubecameasymbolofthehonestmunistPartycadre(干部)whoworkedtirelesslyforthepeople.AfterhejoinedthePartyin1946,Jiaodevotedhisenergytofightingpoverty(貧困).AsthePartyleaderofLankaoCounty,JiaoYuluencouragedpeopletheretofightpoorconditionsandhelpedpullthecountyoutofpoverty.11．HowdidLeiFenghelpothersinneed?A．Bygivingawaymoneytothem.B．Byteachingthembasicknowledge.C．Byleadingthemtofightpoorconditions.12．WhydidChairmanMaodescribeLiuHulanas“agreatlife,agloriousdeath”?A．BecauseshewasreallyyoungwhenshediedfortheParty.B．BecauseshedidalotforthePartyandevengaveupherlife.C．Becauseshedidn’tbetrayherfamilyinthefaceoftheenemy.13．Amongthefourpeople,whowasthefirsttojointhemunistParty?A．LeiFeng. B．LiuHulan. C．GaoJunyu.14．WhatwasJiaoYulupraisedfor?A．Offingfoodtothepoor.B．Helpingpeoplefightpoverty.C．SettingupthemunistYouthLeague.15．Whichspiritscanwelearnfromthem?A．Bravenessandfairness.B．SelfishnessandResponsibility.C．Honestyandloyalty.Passage1（2021·甘肅蘭州·中考真題）Sixweeksbeforehis97thbirthday,GiuseppePaternomadehisdreamofalifetimeetrue:Hegotauniversitydegree.Mr.Paterno’sstoryhasbeenreportedaroundtheworld,partlybecauseofhisage.Buthehasalsodrawnattentionbecausehislifestoryspeaksofbelief.HehasencouragedmillionsofchildreninItalyandelsewherewhiletheyarefacingdifficultiesduringthecoronaviruspandemic（新冠疫情）.BorninPalermoin1923,thefirstofsevenchildreninaverypoorfamily.Mr.Paternobeganworkingsoonafterfinishingprimaryschool.Itwasonlyafterheretiredinthemid1980sthathereturnedtohisbooks.“Hisstoryshowsthatdreamscanetrueandthatyoucanremainyoung—notinagebutinspirit—ifyoudevelopinterests,”saidRosellaCancila,histeacherofhistoryattheUniversityofPalermo.Italy’suniversitysystemisbasedonathreeyeardegree,thenatwoyearmaster’scourse.UniversityofficialsarehopingthatMr.Paternowillcontinuehisstudies.△“Ihavetosaythatinthismoment,Idon’tknowwhetherIwouldkeeponstudyingwiththesamespirit,”hesaid,addingthatalltheattentionhadmadehimabittired.Still,Mr.Paternosaidthathewouldprobablytrytogethismaster’sdegreebuthehadn’tdecidedyet.閱讀以上短文。根據其內容回答其后各個小題。1．GiuseppePaterno’sdreamofalifetimeisto________.A．drawpeople’sattention B．worktosupporthisfamilyC．getuniversitydegree D．encouragethechildreninhiscounty2．Theunderlinedword“belief”inparagraph2probablymeans________.A．品格 B．信念 C．責任 D．觀點3．AccordingtoRossellaCancia,developinginterestscanhelppeoplestay________.A．younginspirit B．younginage C．healthyinbody D．healthyinmind4．Whichofthefollowingsentencescanbebestputinthe“△”?A．Andheisquitesure. B．Butheisn’tsosure.C．Andheagreespletely. D．Buthedoesn’tagreeatall.5．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．SeeingIsBelieving. B．PracticeMakesPerfect.C．ActionsSpeakLouderThanWords. D．It’sNeverTooLatetoFollowDream.Passage2（2021·青海西寧·中考真題）Poverty（貧窮）isabigproblemintheworld,butChinahasdoneagoodjobtodealwithitandmadetheproudachievement.Duringfightingpoverty,we’vebeenmovedbymanyheroes.HelpingGirls◆ZhangGuimei◆Lijiang,Yunnan◆Manygirlscouldn’tgotoschoolbecausetheywereverypoor.◆Mrs.Zhangstartedagirlschoolforfreeandhelpedover1,800girlsgotocollege.BuildingaRoad◆MaoXianglin◆Wushan,Chongqing◆Villagerslivedonthe1,000﹣meter﹣highcliffs（懸崖峭壁）.Soittookthemthreedaystowalktothenearesttowninthepast.◆Mr.Maoledvillagerstobuildaroadwiththeirhandsfor7years.Nowtheyspendjustanhourdrivingtothenearesttown.Localpeoplecansellfruittootherplacesconveniently.PlantingMushrooms（蘑菇）◆ChenZaiming◆JingdongYi,Yunnan◆Thisplacewasfamousforitswildmushrooms.Butvillagersdidn’tknowhowtogrowthem.◆Mr.Chentaughtvillagerstoplantmushroomsandhelpedthemmakeover5millionyuan.ChineseAchievements◆832counties（縣）and128,000villagesarenolongerinpoverty.◆98.99millionvillagershavebeenliftedoutofpovertyinthepast8year.◆Chinaisresponsibleforreducing70percentofpovertysincethelate1970sallovertheworld.6．Whohelpedgirlsgotocollege？A．ZhangGuimei. B．MaoXianglin. C．ChenZaiming. D．Allabove.7．HowdidpeoplegotothenearesttowninWushan,Chongqinginthepast？A．Onfoot. B．Bybus. C．Bycar. D．Bytrain.8．Whichplacewaswell﹣knownforwildmushroomsinthetext？A．Lijiang. B．Wushan. C．JingdongYi. D．Notmentioned.9．Howmanyvillagershavebeenliftedoutofpovertyinthepast8yearsinChina？A．832. B．1,800. C．12,8000. D．98,990,000.10．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE？A．Girlsdidn’twanttogotoschoolinLijiang,Yunnan.B．IttakespeoplethreehourstodrivetothenearesttowninWushannow.C．PeopleusedtobegoodatgrowingwildmushroomsinJingdongYi.D．Chinahasgotthegreatestachievementonliftingoutofpoverty.Passage3（2021·湖北荊門·中考真題）Mr.Brownisalready89yearsold.HeusedtosellicecreaminNewYork.Lastmonth,hisdaughterdiedandlefthimwithtwograndchildren.Hehadtolookafterthem.“Whatshouldwedo?Wehavetomakemoney,”MrBrownsaidtohiswife.Thenhedecidedtosellicecreamagain.Hegotupearlyeverymorningandworkeduntilmidnight.Steveisareporter.HeoftenboughticecreamfromMr.Brown.Soonhelearnedabouthisstory.Hewantedtohelptheoldman,sohepostedaphotoonline.LotsofpeoplereadMr.Brown’sstoryandcametobuyicecream.Thatwasnotenough.StevestartedtoraisemoneyforMr.Brown.Heplannedtoraise$3,000,butinfact,hegotmorethan$201,000.NowMr.Brownisrich.Hedoesn’tneedtomakemoney.Buthesays,“I’mreallythankfultoSteveandotherkindpeopleforhelpingme.Iwanttohelpothers,too.”Hekeepsonsellingicecream.Hegivesicecreamtokidsforfree.Healsogiveshismoneytopoorfamilies.Justasthesayinggoes,“Wemakealivingbywhatweget,butwemakealifebywhatwegive.”Trytohelp,andyouwillfeeldifferent.11．Mr.Brownbegantosellicecreamagainat89because________.A．hehadtosupporthisgrandchildren B．hiswifewasseriouslyillC．helovedsellingicecream D．hisgrandchildrenlovedicecream12．PeoplelearnedaboutwhathappenedtoMr.Brown________.A．ontheradio B．ontheInternetC．fromanewspaper D．fromaTVreport13．Accordingtothestory,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．Stevemadealotofmoney. B．Mr.Brownusedallthemoneyonhimself.C．Mr.Brownisstillsellingicecream. D．Steveraised$3,000forMr.Brown.14．Whatisthestorymainlyabout?A．Agrandfatherwhoraisedmoney. B．Areporterthatmadeadifference.C．Anoldmanwhotouchedourhearts. D．Aprogramthathelpedsavepeople.Passage4（2021·廣西河池·中考真題）Saltinthesoilhasalwaysmadeitimpossibletogrowcrops.Butthat’snowchanging.Famousagriculturalist（農學家）YuanLongpingsaidtheywouldgrowaspecialrice.Theywouldturn100millionmuofsalinealkali（鹽堿的）landintofarmlandinthecountryoverthenext10years.In2017,Yuan’steamsuccessfullygrewriceonthesalinealkalilandinJiangsuProvince.Itiscalledsearice.Nowtheyhavemadegreatprogress.BothChinaandmanyothercountriesaroundtheworldhavelargesalinealkaliland.Ifallofitcanbeusedtogrowriceandgrain,itisveryimportantforfoodsecurity（安全）.AnditwillhelptheUNzerohungergoaletrue.YuanLongpingwasnamedas“FatherofHybridRice”.HehelpedChinamakeagreatwonder—feedingnearly20%oftheworld’spopulationwithlessthan9%oftheworld’sfarmland.ThenYuanhadamuchbiggerdream—tosavetheworldfromhunger.TheworldisseeingChina’sseariceasawaytofightfoodinsecurity.“Ihadadream.Ricewasashighassorghum（高粱）；ears（穗）wereaslongasbrooms;grainswereasbigaspeanuts（花生）.Icouldactuallyenjoythecoolunderthericecrops.”Yuansaidofhischildhooddream.Andhewasonestepclosertohisdream.“I’mconfidentinthefutureofmycountry,andIwanttodomoreformymotherland.”saidYuan.15．WhatwasYuanLongping?A．Afamousreporter. B．Afamouspianist.C．Afamousheadmaster. D．Afamousagriculturalist.16．WhatdidYuan’steamgrowonthesalinealkalilandin2017?A．Corn. B．Vegetables. C．Searice. D．Hybridrice.17．Whatwillhappenifallsalinealkalilandaroundtheworldisturnedintofarmland?A．ThepeopleinChinawillstayawayfromhunger.B．ThepeopleinAfricawillstayawayfromhunger.C．Thepeopleinmanycountrieswillstayawayfromhunger.D．Thepeopleintheworldwillstayawayfromhunger.18．YuanLongpinghelpedChinafeednearly________oftheworld’spopulationwithlessfarmland.A．onefifth B．onetenth C．fourfifths D．ninetenths19．WhatwasYuanLongping’sbiggerdream?A．Thericewasashighassorghum. B．Hecouldsavetheworldfromhunger.C．Theearswereaslongasbrooms. D．Hecouldenjoythecoolunderthericecrops.Passage5（2021·遼寧盤錦·中考真題）Itwasacold,rainyday.MymotherandIdrovetothemountains.Itwasdangeroustomakethetwohourjourneyalongthehighwayinsuchweather.Ididn’twanttotaketherisk.Butmymotheradvisedthatwegotoseesomethingatthetopofthemountain.Aftertenminutes’driving,westoppedthecarandgotout.Walkingalongapath,weturnedatacorner.Gradually,thepeaceandsilenceoftheplacebegantofillmymind.Fromthetopofthemountain,Isawseveralfieldsfullofflowers,shininglikeacarpet（地毯）beforeus.Itlookedasifthesunspilled（播灑）golddownthemountain.Alotofquestionscametomymind.Whocreatedsuchbeauty?Why?How?Aswemovedon,wesawasignthatread,“AnswerstotheQuestionsIKnowYouAreAsking.”Thefirstanswerwas,“OneWoman—TwoHands,TwoFeet,andVeryLittleBrain.”Thesecondwas,“OneataTime.”Thethird,“Startedin1971.”Onourwayhome,Iwassoshockedbywhatwehadseen.“Shechangedtheworld.Onebulb（一株）atatime.Shestartedalmost50yearsago.Itwasprobablyjustthebeginningofanidea,butshekeptatit.”Isaid,“Imagine,ifIhadadreamandworkedatit,justalittlebiteveryday,whatmightIhaveachieved?”Mymotherlookedatme,smiling.“Starttomorrow.”Shesaid,“Betteryet,starttoday.”20．Thewriterdidn'twanttogotothemountainsbecause________.A．shewastiredofdrivingB．theircarwasrunningoutofpetrol（汽油）C．itwasgettingdarkD．itwasnotsafetodriveinsuchweather21．Theunderlinedword“path”sharesasimilarmeaningwith_________.A．beach B．road C．bank D．village22．ThepersoninPicture________probablygrewtheflowersinthemountain.A． B． C． D．23．Thepassagemainlytellsusthat________.A．beautyalwaysliesonthetopofthemountainB．evenmonpeoplehavegreatwisdom（智慧）C．stickingtoadreamwillbringabigchangeD．weshouldenjoyeverymomentinlife基礎練Passage11．A2．C3．D4．B【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了獲得國家榮譽稱號“人民科學家”的顧方舟的生平事跡，他因研制了骨髓灰質炎糖丸而獲此殊榮。1．段落大意題。通讀第三段，可知本段中心句“Guwasaskedtoleadpolioresearchin1957.‘Atthattimetheonlywayto