2023202362套PAGE1NUMPAGES82023年6月英語六級真題第2PartI (30Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaythatbeginswiththesentence“Whenfacedwithdifferingopinions,weshouldtrytoreachagreementthroughfriendlydiscussionandreasonableargument.”Youcanmakecomments,citeexamplesoruseyourpersonalexperiencestodevelopyouressay.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartIIListening (30SectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecenter.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)SheisattractedtothebeautyofmodernSheispreoccupiedwithherdreamtobeanSheisinfluencedbyherfatherwhoteachesSheisdrawntoitsintegrationofdesignandA)Throughhard C)BystudyingthesubjectWiththeprofessor's D)BytakingprerequisiteA)ItisItislong-ItisItisA) C)Computer D)WesternQuestions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)HehasoccasionallybeenharassedbyhisHehasbeenguardedbyadiscreetHeiswellknowntotheHeisafamousfootballA)Serveasapersonal C)RuncommondailychoresforthePlayakeyroleinReal D)HelppromoteMr.Sanchez'spublicA)Heishonestandalwaystellsthe C)HecareslittleabouthisworkingHeonceworkedpart-timein D)HehaslittlepreviousworkA)HehasastrongabilitytoconnectwithHehasahighproficiencyinseveralHehasasoundknowledgeofsportsHehasanaturalcapacitytocooperatewithSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecenter.Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)Theybringmorebenefitstoyoungpeople.C)TheyaremoresuitabletoyoungTheyrequirelesssupervisionandtraining.D)TheyhavefewerrulesandA)TheypreventkidsfromenjoyingadventureTheyhelpkidsguardagainstanypossibleTheyrobkidsofthechancetocultivatetheirTheydeprivekidsoftheopportunitytodevelopteamA)HelpthemtakeupthesesportswhentheyaremoreLetthemparticipateinsomelessriskyoutdoorAskthemtotrysomeformsofindoorIntroducethemtothesesportsstepbyQuestions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)ConsumersoftenhaveacravingforthelatestSuchproductstendtocomprisepartsthatareTechfirmsintentionallydesignproductstohaveshortManufacturersuseeffectivestrategiestopromotefancierA)IndicatethecompetitivenessoftheirListarepairabilityscoreoftheirSpecifythemajorpartsoftheirDetailthelifecycleoftheirA)TaketheinitiativetoreduceelectronicTakeduecautioninupgradingtheirInvestinconstructingmorerecyclingSubstitutealltoxicsubstanceswithnon-toxicA)Itcanbe C)ItwillbefixedbytechItiscertainto D)ItisunavoidableinthelongSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassagesandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecenter.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustA)Howinternetmonitoringcanbeimplemented.C)HowcyberloafingaffectsoverallHowtoencourageproductiveinternetsurfing.D)HowtopreventemployeesfromA)Cyberloafingisasignofworkers'CyberloafingmayrelieveemployeesofEmployeeengagementiscloselyrelatedtojobOveruseofsocialmediamayleadtodeclineinA)Takingmini-breaksmeansbetterjobCyberloafinggenerallydoesmoreharmthanWorkerturnoverislinkedtothetimeallowedforEmployeeswhoindulgeininternetsurfingaremostlikelytoQuestions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustA)Therewerenowooden C)TherewerenoTherewereenvironmental D)TherewerefewA)HeservedaschairmanoftheNebraskaStateBoardofHeurgedthestatetostarttheNebraskaStateGardeningHeengagedhimselfinalargenumberofaestheticHefoundedanewspaperandusedittopromotehisA)AspecialprizewasawardedtoJuliusOnemilliontreeswereplantedthroughoutThestategovernmentdeclaredittheofficialArborNebraskaearnedthenickname"theTreePlantersQuestions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustA)TheyspreadacrossEuropeandAsiainafewTheylivedmostlyinAfricaforabout200,000TheypreferredtoliveinEuroperatherthaninTheymovedoutofAfricaabout60,000yearsA)ThediscoveryoftwomodernhumanteethinThetracesofhumanmigrationoutofAfricatoThehumanfossilsdiscoveredmostrecentlyinTheLunacaveinGuangxiZhuangAutonomousA)TheremusthavebeensomereasonforhumanTherehavebeenchangesinanimals'livingHumansadaptedthemselvestotheenvironmentHumanshadaccesstoabundantfoodsourcesA)HohumanssettleddownontheArabianWhenmodernhumansstartedtodisperseoutofWhatpathmodernhumanstooktomigrateoutofWhyfreshwaterissoimportantforhumanPartIIIReading (40SectionDirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Imaginesittingdowntoabigdinner:amassivesteak,alargeportionoffriedpotatoes,andcakefordessert.Aftereatingsomuch,youshouldbetoofulltoeatanotherbite.Butsomepeopleexperienceapowerfulurgetokeepeating,evenafter26inahugemeal,abehaviorthatmakeslittlesense,asmostadultsarewell-versedinthedangersofobesity,whichresearchershaveshowncorrelates27healthissuesandisevenlinkedtoincreased28risk.Butsomepeoplestillkeepeatinglongaftertheyshouldstop,aphenomenonDr.SusanThompsoncalls"insatiable永不滿足的)hunger."Itischaracterizedbytwomain29:notbeingsatisfiedbyeating,andhavingadesiretostaysedentary(久坐不動的).Thisisat30withhowhumansarebiologicallyprogrammed.Whentherewasagreatdealoffoodavailable,ancientpeoplewouldgorgeoncalories;thismassivecalorieintakewasaccompaniedbyanurgetogetactive.Humanswerealsoprogrammedforsomethingcalled"compensation,"whichisthebrain's31mechanismforpreventingtheaccumulationofexcessweight.Withcompensation,ifyoueatonelargemealinthemorning,youarenaturally32toeatlessfortherestoftheday.Butrecentstudiesshowthat70%ofAmericanadultshavelosttheabilitytonaturallycompensateforthecaloriestheyconsume;worse33,asignificantnumberofthemreport34hungerhalfwaythroughaneatingsession,but,bytheendofthemeal,theyfeelthesameorhigherlevelsofhungerthanwhentheysatdown.Dr.Thompsonarguesthatthemaincauseofthisphenomenonisthemoderndiet,whichis35offoodhighinsugar,carbohydratesandcalories.SectionDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymakingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.TheproblemwithbeingWhenpsychologistJessicaPryorlivednearaninternationallyrenowneduniversity,sheoncesawastudentwalkingintoalibraryholdingasleepingbagandacoffeemaker.Shehasheardofgraduatestudentsspending12to18hoursatatimeinthelab.Theirschedulesaremeanttobeliterallypunishing:Iftheyarescientists-in-training,theywon'tallowthemselvestowatchNetflixuntiltheirexperimentsstartgeneratingresults."Relationshipsbecomeestranged疏遠的)-peoplestopinvitingthemtosocialgatheringsordinnerparties,whichleadsthemtospendevenmoretimeinthelab,"Pryortoldme.Alongwithothertherapists,Pryor,whoisnowwiththeFamilyInstituteatNorthwesternUniversity,istryingtosoundthealarmaboutatendencyamongyoungadultsandcollegestudentstostriveforperfectionintheirwork—sometimesatanycost.Thoughitisoftenportrayedasapositivetrait,Pryorandotherssayextremeperfectionismcanleadtodepression,anxiety,andevensuicide.What'smore,perfectionismseemstobeontherise.InastudyofthousandsofAmerican,Canadian,andBritishcollegestudentspublishedearlierthisyear,ThomasCurranoftheUniversityofBathandAndrewHillofYorkSt.JohnUniversityfoundthattoday'scollegestudentsreporthigherlevelsofperfectionismthancollegestudentsdidduringthe1990sorearly2000s.Theymeasuredthreetypesofperfectionism:self-oriented,oradesiretobeperfect;sociallyprescribed,oradesiretoliveuptoothers'expectations;andother-oriented,orholdingotherstounrealisticstandards.From1989to2016,theyfound,self-orientedperfectionismscoresincreasedby10percent,sociallyprescribedscoresroseby33percent,andother-orientedperfectionismincreasedby16percent.Apersonlivingwithanother-orientedperfectionistmightfeelcriticizedbytheperfectionistspousefornotdoinghouseholdchoresexactlythe"right"way."Oneofthemostcommonthingscouplesargueaboutistheproperwayofloadingthedishwasher,"saysAmyBach,apsychologistinProvidence,RhodeCurrandescribessociallyprescribedperfectionismas"Myself-esteemiscontingentonwhatotherpeoplethink."Hisstudydidn'texaminethecausalreasonsforitsrise,butheassumesthattheriseofbothstandardizedtestingandsocialmediamightplayarole.Thesedays,LinkedInalertsuswhenourrivalgetsanewjob,andInstagramcanletusknowhowwell"liked"ourlivesarecomparedwithafriend's.Inanopinionpieceearlierthisyear,CurranandHillarguethatsocietyhasalsobecomemoredog-eat-dog."Overthelast50years,publicinterestandcivicresponsibilityhavebeenprogressivelyeroded,"theywrite,"replacedbyafocusonself-interestandcompetitioninasupposedlyfreeandopenmarketplace."Westriveforperfection,itseems,becausewefeelwemustinordertogetahead.MichaelBrustein,aclinicalpsychologistinManhattan,sayswhenhefirstbeganpracticingin2007,hewassurprisedbyhowprevalentperfectionismwasamonghisclients,despitehowlittlehisgraduatetraininghadfocusedonthephenomenon.Heseesperfectionismin,amongothers,clientswhoareentrepreneurs,artists,andtechemployees."You'reinNewYorkbecauseyou'reambitious,youhavethisneedtostrive,"hesays."Butthenyourwholeidentitygetswrappedintoagoal."Perfectionismcan,ofcourse,beapositiveforce.Thinkofprofessionalathletes,whotrainaggressivelyforever-higherlevelsofcompetition.Inwell-adjustedperfectionism,someonewhodoesn'tgetthegoldisabletoforgetthesetbackandmoveon.Inmaladaptive(不當的)perfectionism,meanwhile,peoplemakeanarchiveofalltheirfailures.Theyrevisitthesearchivesconstantly,thinking,asPryorputsit,"IneedtomakemyselffeelterriblesoIdon'tdothisagain."Thentheydoubledown,"raisingtheexpectationbarevenhigher,whichincreasesthelikelihoodofdefeat,whichmakesyouself-critical,soyouraisethebarhigher,workevenharder,"shesaysNextcomesfailureshameandpushingyourselfevenhardertowardevenhigherandmoreimpossiblegoals.Meetingthembecomesan"allornothing"premise.Pryorofferedthisexample:"EvenifI'manincredibleattorney,ifIdon'tmakepartnerinthesamepacingasoneofmycolleagues,clearlythatmeansI'mafailure."Brusteinsayshisperfectionistclientstendtodevaluetheiraccomplishments,sothateverytimeagoalisachieved,thehighlastsonlyashorttime,like"agastankwithaholeinit."Ifthebosssaysyoudidagreatjob,it'sbecausehedoesn'tknowanything.Iftheaudiencelikesyourwork,that'sbecauseit'stoostupidtoknowwhatgoodartactuallyis.But,therapistssay,therearealsodifferentwaysperfectionismmanifests.Someperfectionistsarealwayspushingthemselvesforward.Butothersactuallyfallbehindonwork,unabletocompleteassignmentsunlesstheyare,well,perfect.Ortheymighthandicaptheirperformanceaheadoftime.They'retheonespartyinguntil2a.m.thenightbeforethefinal,sothatwhenthegradeCrollsin,there'sareadyexcuse.Whileeducatorsandparentshavesuccessfullyconvincedstudentsoftheneedtobehighperforminganddiligent,theexpertstoldme,theyhaven'tadequatelypreparedthemfortheinevitabilityoffailure.Insteadofpraiseslike"You'resosmart,"parentsandeducatorsshouldsaythingslike"Youreallystuckwithit,"Pryorsays,toemphasizethevalueofperseveranceoverintrinsictalent.Pryornotesthatmanyofherclientsarewaryshe'll"turnthemintosomedegeneratecouchpotatoandteachthemtobeokaywithit."Instead,shetriestohelpthemthinkthroughthepartsoftheirperfectionismthey'dliketokeep,andtolosethepartsthatareruiningtheirlives.Bach,whoseesmanystudentsfromBrownUniversity,sayssomeofthemdon'tevengooutonweekends,letaloneweekdays.Shetellsthem,"Aimhigh,butgetcomfortablewithgoodenough."Whentheydon'tgetsomeaward,sheencouragesthemtorememberthat"oneoutcomeisnotabasisforabroadconclusionabouttheperson'sintelligence,qualifications,orpotentialforthefuture."Thetreatmentforperfectionismmightbeassimpleashavingpatientskeeplogsofthingstheycanbeproudof,orhavingthembehaveimperfectlyinsmallways,justtoseehowitfeels."Wemighthavethemhangthetowelscrooked不正的)orwearsomeclothinginsideout,"saysMartinAntony,aprofessorinthedepartmentofpsychologyatRyersonUniversityinToronto.Brusteinlikestogethisperfectionistclientstocreatevaluesthatareimportanttothem,thentrytoshifttheirfocustolivingaccordingtothosevaluesratherthanachievingspecificgoals.It'saplayonthe"Youreallystuckwithit"messageforkids.Inotherwords,itisn'taboutdoingaheadstandinyogaclass;it'saboutgoingtoyogaclassinthefirstplace,becauseyouliketobethekindofpersonwhotakescareofherself.Buthewarnsthatsomepeoplegointotherapyexpectingtoomuch-aninstanttransformationofthemselvesfromapathological(病態的)perfectionisttoa(stillhigh-achieving)non-perfectionist.Theytrytobeperfect,inotherwords,atnolongerbeingperfect.Sociallyprescribedperfectionismisdescribedasone'sself-esteemdependingonotherpeople'sJessicaPryorhaslearnedthatsomegraduatestudentsworksuchlonghoursinthelabthattheyhavelittletimeforentertainmentorsocializing.TheauthorbelievesperfectionismmaysometimesbeItisfoundthatperfectionismisgettingmoreandmoreprevalentamongcollegeSomeexpertssuggestparentsandeducatorsshouldpreparestudentsforSometherapistswarnthatyoungadultstendtopursueperfectionintheirPsychologistAmyBachencouragesherstudentstoaimhighbutbecontentwithsomethinglessthanAclinicalpsychologistfindsperfectionismiswidespreadamonghisIntryingtoovercomeperfectionism,somepeoplearestillpursuingInpursuingperfection,someperfectionistsfailtocompletetheirtasksonSectionDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingHowonearthdidwecometothis?Weprotectourchildrenobsessivelyfromeveryharm;wescrutinizeeverycarer,teacherordoctorwithwhomtheycomeintocontact.Yetdespiteallthis,onegroup,whichinnowayhastheirbestinterestsatheart,hasalmostunconstrainedaccess.Weseemtotakeitforgrantedthatadvertisersandmarketersareallowedtoconditioneventheyoungestchildren.Beforechildrenhaveevendevelopedapropersenseoftheirownidentity,orlearnedtohandlemoney,they'reencouragedtoassociatestatusandself-worthwithstuff,andtolooktoexternalthingssuchasfameandwealthforvalidation.We'returningoutlittleconsumersratherthanyoungcitizenswhowillvaluethemselvesforwhattheycontributetothesocietyinwhichtheylive.We'vereachedthispointsograduallythatmanyofushaveneverquestionedit.It'screptuponusinthe60yearssinceadvertisersstartedtotargettheyoungandfoundthattheycouldrecruitthemtoacommercialassaultontheirparents.We'vecometoknowitas"pesterpower"ortheabilityofchildrentopressureparentstomakecertainpurchases.Manypsychologists,childdevelopmentexpertsandeducatorspointtoresearchsuggestingthatthisemergingcradle-to-graveconsumerismiscontributingtogrowingratesoflowself-esteem,depressionandotherformsofmentalillness.Notallpsychologistsagree.There'replentyworkinghandinglovewitha￡12bn-a-yearindustrythathasturnedthemanipulationofadultemotionsanddesiresintoanartform-oftenliterally.It'salsoonethat'sforeverdevelopingnewwaystopersuadeourchildrentodesirematerialpossessions,andbecauseofadvertisements'viraleffecttheyonlyneedtoinfectafewtoreachthemany.Advertisingandmarketingcanserveausefulpurposeforchildren.Marketingmayhelpsocializechildrenasconsumers,informthemaboutproducts,andhelpthemcarveoutuniqueidentitiesastheyreachadulthood.Then,shouldwebanalladvertisingaimedatyoungchildren?IsayOfcoursethere'llbeplentyofobjectionstoanoutrightbanonadvertisingtotheunder-11s.There'llbethosewhoarguethatwouldbeabreachoffreedomofspeechandinfringetherightsofcorporationstobrainwashlittlechildrenintodemandingtheirproducts.Mostparentshatewhatadvertisingdoestotheirchildren,butwedohavethepowertoenditandletourchildrengrowupfreefrommanyofthepressuresofconsumerismuntilthey'reoldenoughtomaketheirowndecisions.Andthoughadvertisingisonlypartofanall-pervasive無處不在的)marketingcultureweneedtomakeastartsomewhere.Let'sbanalladvertisingtargetingchildrenofprimaryschoolageandyoungernow.Whichgroupofpeopledoestheauthorsayhasalmostunrestrictedaccessto B) C) D)WhatkindofpeopleshouldweenablechildrentobecomeaccordingtotheThosewholooktofameandwealthforexternalandultimateThosewhovaluethemselvesbecauseoftheircontributiontoThosewhoassociateself-worthwiththeabilitytohandleThosewhohavedevelopedapropersenseoftheirownManychilddevelopmentexpertsandeducatorscallattentiontoresearchthat life-longconsumerismiscausingmoreandmorecasesofpsychologicalincreasingcommercializationofeducationiserodingmanychildren'sself-thegrowingdesireforwealthiscontributingtoarisingrateofthecravingforpurchasingmaterialthingsisnurturedthroughoutone'sWhatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheimpactofItisactuallyinfectioustomanyratherthanaItisrootedinourdesireformaterialItiscomparabletothatofItisliterallylimitedtoWhatistheopponents'argumentagainstacompletebanonadvertisingtoyoungItwoulddeprivethemofthechancetolearnaboutItwouldrenderthemunabletocarveoutuniqueItwouldbreachtheirfreedomaswould-beItwouldviolatetherightsendoweduponPassageQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingManyopposeworkplacesurveillance,becauseoftheinherentdehumanizingeffectithasandtherelentlesspressureitbrings.Butit'sontherisearoundtheworldasfirmslooktobecomemoreefficientbysqueezingmoreproductivityfromtheirworkers.Morethanhalfofcompanieswithover$750minannualrevenueused"non-traditional”monitoringtechniquesonstafflastyear.Monitoringemployeeperformancegivesfirmstheabilitytoassesshowtheirstaffareperformingandinteracting,whichcanbegoodforboththefirmandemployeesthemselves.Agrowingnumberofanalyticscompaniesofferthisservice.Theygather"dataexhaust"leftbyemployees'emailandinstantmessagingapps,andusenamebadgesequippedwithradio-frequencyidentificationdevicesandmicrophones.Thesecancheckhowmuchtimeyouspendtalking,yourvolumeandtoneofvoice,evenifyoudonotdominateconversations.Whilethismaysoundintrusive,exponentsarguethatitcanalsoprotectemployeesagainstbullyingandsexualharassment.Someofthisdataanalysiscanproduceunexpectedresults.Forexample,itwasfoundthatpeoplewhosatat12-personlunchtablestendedtointeract,shareideasmoreandoutperformthosewhoregularlysatatfour-persontables,afactthatwouldprobablyhavegoneundetectedwithoutsuchdataanalysis.OverthelastfewyearsaStockholmco-workingspacecalledEpicenterhasgonemuchfurtherandholdspopular"chippingparties",wherepeoplecanhavemicrochipsimplantedintheirhands.Theycanusetheimplantstoaccesselectronically-controlleddoors,ormonitorhowtypingspeedcorrelateswithheartrate.Implantedchipsmayseemextreme,butitisarelativelysmallstepfromIDcardsandbiometricstosuchAslongassuchschemesarevoluntary,therewillprobablybeagrowingnumberofconvenience-orientedusessothatasubstantialnumberofworkerswould