Chapter7RepresentativeWritersandTheirWorks

Unit1BenjaminFranklin

Teachingaims

1)TogetthestudentstoknowsomethingaboutBenjaminFranklin

2)Todevelopstudents’abilityofunderstandingthegeneralideaofAutobiography

3)Toenhancestudents’abilityofunderstandingthesignificanceofAutobiography

Importantanddifficultpoints

1)TounderstandthegeneralideaoftheexcerptofAutobiography

2)TogettoknowthesignificanceofAutobiography

TeachingandlearningMethods

Openquestionsandanswersinclass

Classdiscussionandanalysis

Teachingmedia

Textbook,courseware,teachingplan,projectorandcomputer

TeachingProcedures

Step1Lead-in

(showthepictureofBenjaminFranklinandhaveabrainstormaboutthefollowingquestions.)

1.HowmuchdoyouknowaboutBenjaminFranklin?

2.Whatarehismajorworks?

Step2Presentation

1.Abouttheauthor

(WatchthevideoaboutBenjaminFranklinandgraspthemajorpoints.Theteachermakesacomplementaccordingtothecourseware.)

BenjaminFranklinwasborninBoston.Hisschoolingendedatten,andheworkedasahelperinaprintinghouseattheageof12.Helovesreadingworksonliterature,historyandphilosophyandhepublishedtwonarrativepoemsat12.Besidesprintingbusinessandwritingcareer,Franklinwasalsoactiveincommunityaffairs,colonialandstatepolitics,aswellasnationalandinternationalaffairs.HeandJohnAdamshelpedJeffersonwriteTheDeclarationofIndependence.Inadditiontohisoutstandingpoliticalachievements,heisalsoascientist.Asascientist,hewasamajorfigureintheAmericanEnlightenmentandthehistoryofphysicsforhisdiscoveriesandtheoriesregardingelectricity.

ScottishphilosopherDavidHumecalledhim"thefirstphilosopherandthefirstgreatwriter"fromAmerica.

2.AboutAutobiography

(ShowsomepicturesorashortvideoaboutAutobiography.Getstudentstoexpresstheirideasaboutthepassagebeforetheteachergeneralizesit.)

In1771,FranklinbegantowriteAutobiography.Ittookhim18yearstofinishit.

Atthebeginning,hetellshisownexperienceinthetoneofafather,andexplainindetailtothelatergenerationstheprocessofgettingwealthandbecomingacelebritythroughhardwork.

3.ComprehensiveunderstandingoftheexcerptofAutobiography

(Studentsreadthepassageandtrytounderstanditindetail.Ifnecessary,theteachergivessomeguidanceaccordingtothecourseware.)

4.SocialsignificanceofAutobiography

(Studentsexpresstheiropinionsbeforetheteachermakesacomplement.)

Autobiographyisregardedasa"lifeguide"totheyoung.AlthoughthestructureofAutobiographyisloose,itsunpretentiouswritingvividlyshowstheachievementsofanobodyandtheprocessofshapinghisowncharacter,andhighlightsthetypicalindividualisticvalueorientationofAmericancapitalistsociety.

Step3Discussion

(Itisagoodchanceforstudentstoexpresstheiropinions.)

1.WhatjobsdidFranklindointhefirsthalfofhislife?

2.WhatkindofspiritcanyourealizefromthedescriptioninAutobiography?Combinedwiththebackgroundofthetimes,talkaboutthetimesignificanceofthiswork.

Step4Summary

(Basedonagoodunderstandingofthepassage,itisnotdifficultforstudentstomakeasummary.)

SummarizethesignificanceofAutobiography.

Step5.Homework

SearchformoreworksbyBenjaminFranklintoreadandappreciate.

Step6Feedback

Unit2RalphWaldoEmerson

Teachingaims

1)TogetthestudentstoknowsomethingaboutRalphWaldoEmerson

2)Todevelopstudents’abilityofunderstandingSelf-Reliance

3)Toenhancestudents’abilityofunderstandingthesignificanceofSelf-Reliance

Importantanddifficultpoints

1)Tounderstandtheexcerpt

2)TogettoknowthesignificanceofSelf-Reliance

TeachingandlearningMethods

Openquestionsandanswersinclass

Classdiscussionandanalysis

Teachingmedia

Textbook,courseware,teachingplan,projectorandcomputer

TeachingProcedures

Step1Lead-in

(showthepictureofRalphWaldoEmersonandhaveabrainstormaboutthefollowingquestions)

1.HowmuchdoyouknowaboutRalphWaldoEmerson?

2.Whatarehismajorworks?

Step2Presentation

1.Abouttheauthor

(WatchthevideoaboutRalphWaldoEmersonandgraspthemajorpoints.Theteachermakesacomplement.)

RalphWaldoEmersonisanAmericanessayist,lecturer,andpoet.

RalphWaldoEmersonwasborninBoston.At14,hewenttoHarvardCollege.In1829,hetraveledtoEuropeandvisitedwriterssuchasRand,Coleridge,CarlisleandWordsworth,whohadagreatinfluenceonhisTranscendentalism.Afterreturningtohishomeland,hebeganhisspeechandwritingcareer.In1836,Naturewaspublished.In1837,hegaveaspeech,titledasTheAmericanScholar,whichwascalledtheAmerican"IntellectualDeclarationofIndependence"bythepoetHolmes.Emersonpreachedthattheindividualisthewholeuniversethroughspeechesandessays,andhisthoughtsbecameanimportantcornerstoneofAmericanindividualismideology.

Emerson’swritingstyleisacombinationofliteratureandphilosophy,andhislanguageisuniqueanddifficulttounderstand.HistranscendentalismisundoubtedlyaveryoriginalideologicalmovementincontemporaryAmericansociety,whichhasinfluencedgenerationsofAmericans.

2.AboutSelf-Reliance

(ShowsomepicturesorashortvideoaboutSelf-Reliance.Getstudentstoexpresstheirideasaboutthepassagebeforetheteachergeneralizesit.)

Self-Reliance,publishedin1841,summarizesEmerson’sthoughtof"self-reliance"expressedinhisspeechesanddiariesforthepreviouseightyears.Ofcourse,thisthoughtiscloselyrelatedtohistranscendentalism.Emerson’sthoughtof"self-reliance"coversmanyrelations,suchasindividualself,transcendingtheOneorGod,autonomyandobedience(obediencetoreason,moralnature,universallawandGod),etc.

3.ComprehensiveunderstandingoftheexcerptofSelf-Reliance

(Studentsreadtheexcerptandtrytounderstanditindetail.Ifnecessary,theteachergivessomeguidanceaccordingtothecourseware.)

4.SocialsignificanceofSelf-Reliance

(Studentsexpresstheiropinionsbeforetheteachermakesacomplement.)

Self-Relianceisanimportantandinfluentialworkwhichencouragesamantobeconfidentandindependent.Therearefourmainideasinthework,including“theconfidence”,“theindependence”,“thepersonality”,“showingnosympathytothepoor”.Intoday’ssociety,theideasenlightenusontheconfidentandoptimisticattitudestowardslife,thepromotionoffemale’sself-reliance,theinfluenceonindividuals’successandacountry’sprosperity.

Step3Discussion

(Itisagoodchanceforstudentstoexpresstheiropinions.)

1.WhydidEmersoncallconsistency"stupid"?

2.Howdoyouunderstand“Youtakethewayfromman,nottoman,”?

Step4Summary

(Basedonagoodunderstandingoftheexcerpt,itisnotdifficultforstudentstomakeasummary.)

SummarizethesignificanceofSelf-Reliance.

Step5.Homework

SearchformoreworksbyRalphWaldoEmersontoreadandappreciate.

Step6Feedback

Unit3NathanielHawthorne

Teachingaims

1)TogetthestudentstoknowsomethingaboutNathanielHawthorne

2)Todevelopstudents’abilityofunderstandingtheTheMinister’sBlackVeil

3)Toenhancestudents’abilityofmainideaoftheTheMinister’sBlackVeil

Importantanddifficultpoints

1)TounderstandTheMinister’sBlackVeil

2)TogettoknowthemainideaofTheMinister’sBlackVeil

TeachingandlearningMethods

Openquestionsandanswersinclass

Classdiscussionandanalysis

Teachingmedia

Textbook,courseware,teachingplan,projectorandcomputer

TeachingProcedures

Step1Lead-in

(showthepictureofNathanielHawthorneandhaveabrainstormaboutthefollowingquestions)

1.HowmuchdoyouknowaboutNathanielHawthorne?

2.Whatarehismajorworks?

Step2Presentation

1.Abouttheauthor

(WatchthevideoaboutNathanielHawthorneandgraspthemajorpoints.Theteachermakesacomplementaccordingtothecourseware.)

NathanielHawthorneisanAmericannovelistandshortstorywriter,andthefirstgreatestAmericanfictionwriterinthemoralistictradition.

In1825,HawthornegraduatedfromtheUniversityofBordenUniversityandpublisheddozensofstoriesandshortstories.In1841,hejoined“BrookFarm”,atranscendentalistcommunity.TheScarletLetterwaspublishedin1850,followedbyasuccessionofothernovels.

MuchofHawthorne’swritingcentersaroundNewEngland,manyworksfeaturingmoralallegorieswithaPuritaninspiration.HisfictionworksareconsideredpartoftheRomanticmovementand,morespecially,darkromanticism.Histhemesoftencenterontheinherentevilandsinofhumanity,andhisworksoftenhavemoralmessagesanddeeppsychologicalcomplexity.

2.AboutTheMinister’sBlackVeil

(ShowsomepicturesorashortvideoaboutTheMinister’sBlackVeil.Getstudentstoexpresstheirideasaboutthenovelbeforetheteachergeneralizesit.)

PopeHooperinthestoryisdeeplylovedbypeople.However,onthemorningwhenhepreached"SecretCrime",hisfacewassuddenlycoveredwithablackveil,andthecuriousparishionerspanickedwhileguessing“whydidheweartheveil?Whyisthisveilblack?”However,PopeHooperdidn’trevealthesecret,evenwhenhedied.

3.ComprehensiveunderstandingofTheMinister’sBlackVeil

(Studentsreadthenovelandtrytounderstanditindetail.Ifnecessary,theteachergivessomeguidanceaccordingtothecourseware.)

4ThesignificanceofThe