門頭溝區2021-2022學年第一學期期末調研高三英語考生須知1．本試卷共10頁，共100分，考試時長90分鐘。2．請將條形碼粘貼在答題卡相應位置處。3．試卷所有答案必須填涂或書寫在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效。請使用2B鉛筆填涂，用黑色字跡簽字筆或鋼筆作答。第一部分：知識運用（共兩節，30分）第一節完形填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。JakeandMaxKleinaretwinbrotherswhohaveapassionforvolunteering.Theirfamilyhavealwaysdonecommunity____1____.Ataveryyoungage,theybothchoseto____2____family’sgiftsattheirbirthdayparties,butaskedthemtodonatemoneytoacharity.Whentheywereseven,JakeandMaxwereinterestedinvolunteeringwithafamilyfriendatthelocalhomelesssheltertohelpcook.____3____,heturnedthemdownbecausetheyweretooyoungandtheyhadtobefourteentocook.Thisledthemonanendless____4____tocomeupwithawaytohelpotherkidswhowerealsofacingasimilarchallenge:wantingtohelpbut____5____becauseoftheirage.So,KidsThatDoGoodwas____6____toshowwaystokidsoradults,atanyage,theycouldjointhecommunityandmakea____7____.Thesmallprojecthasgrownintoalargewebsitethatbringsthousandsof____8____visitorseachyear.JakeandMaxsaythattheirwebsitebrings35,000uniqueviewers,ofwhom,KidsThatDoGoodhas____9____kidsto16,000organizations.JakeandMaxare_____10_____withschoolandafter-classactivitiesandothercommunityservicepromises.KidsThatDoGoodalsohasblogpoststhatadvisekidsonbuildingtheirowncharitableevent.1A.surveys B.services C.duties D.businesses2.A.sortout B.playwith C.giveup D.putaway3.A.Unfortunately B.Happily C.Honestly D.Gratefully4.A.task B.ability C.chance D.determination5.A.joked B.blamed C.denied D.praised6.A.advised B.allowed C.named D.created7.A.judgment B.difference C.comment D.decision8.A.pleased B.satisfied C.amazed D.interested9.A.connected B.exposed C.contributed D.attracted10.A.familiar B.patient C.busy D.content【答案】1.B2.C3.A4.A5.C6.D7.B8.D9.A10.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了雙胞胎兄弟一直致力于做慈善，因為一次拒絕自己開創了慈善活動組織，且辦的特別成功。【1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們家一直做社區服務。A.surveys調查；B.services服務；C.duties責任；D.businesses生意。根據“JakeandMaxKleinaretwinbrotherswhohaveapassionforvolunteering”及下文語境可知，他們一家一直做社區服務。故選B。【2題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：小時候，他們選擇在生日聚會上放棄家人的禮物，但要求他們把錢捐給慈善機構。A.sortout分類；B.playwith玩耍；C.giveup放棄；D.putaway放好。根據下文“butaskedthemtodonatemoneytoacharity.”可知，他們放棄禮物，把錢捐給慈善機構。故選C。【3題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：不幸的是，他拒絕了他們，因為他們太小了，而且他們必須14歲才能做飯。A.Unfortunately不幸地；B.Happily開心地；C.Honestly誠實地；D.Gratefully感激地。根據下文“heturnedthemdownbecausetheyweretooyoungandtheyhadtobefourteentocook.”可知，他們自愿去幫忙做飯，被拒絕，自然是不幸的事情。故選A。【4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這給他們帶來了一項無盡的任務，要想出一個辦法來幫助其他也面臨類似挑戰的孩子：想要幫助但因為年齡而被拒絕的孩子。A.task任務；B.ability能力；C.chance機會；D.determination決心。根據上文“heturnedthemdownbecausetheyweretooyoung”可知，他們因為年齡小被拒絕了，結合下文“So,KidsThatDoGoodwas____6____toshowwaystokidsoradults,atanyage,theycouldjointhecommunity”他們自己創辦了組織可知，此處是指這導致他們做任務，想出解決辦法。故選A。【5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這給他們帶來了一項無盡的任務，想出一個辦法來幫助其他也面臨類似挑戰的孩子：想要幫助但因為年齡而被拒絕。A.joked開玩笑；B.blamed責備；C.denied拒絕；D.praised表揚。根據上文“heturnedthemdownbecausetheyweretooyoung”可知，此處是指他們想要幫助但是因為年齡被拒絕的孩子。故選C。【6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：所以，“做好事的孩子們”被創造出來，是為了向孩子們或成年人展示各種方式，在任何年齡，他們都可以加入社區，產生影響。”A.advised建議；B.allowed允許；C.named命名；D.created創造。KidsThatDoGood是他們創辦的組織的名字。根據下文“toshowwaystokidsoradults”可推斷，這個組織被創建出來給孩子或者成年人展示幫助他人的方式。故選D。【7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：所以，“做好事的孩子們”被創造出來，是為了“向孩子們或成年人展示各種方式，在任何年齡，他們都可以加入社區，產生影響。A.judgment判斷；B.difference不同；C.comment評論；D.decision決定。根據下文“KidsThatDoGoodalsohasblogpoststhatadvisekidsonbuildingtheirowncharitableevent.”可知，“KidsThatDoGood”是提供方式讓孩子們和成年人幫助他人的組織，因此推斷是“做出影響”的組織。makeadifference“有影響，創造不同”，故選B。【8題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這個小項目已經發展成為一個大型網站，每年吸引成千上萬的有興趣的訪問者。A.pleased高興的；B.satisfied滿足的；C.amazed驚奇的；D.interested感興趣的。根據上文的“bring”和下文的“visitors”可知，吸引的訪問者自然是對此感興趣的人。故選D。【9題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Jake和Max說他們的網站有35000個獨特的瀏覽者，在這些瀏覽者中，“做好事的孩子們”已經把孩子們和16000個組織聯系起來了。A.connected連接；B.exposed暴露；C.contributed貢獻；D.attracted吸引。根據上文“toshowwaystokidsoradults,atanyage,theycouldjointhecommunity”根據下文“kidsto16,000organizations.”可知，此處是指把孩子們和組織聯系起來。故選A。【10題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：杰克和馬克斯忙于學校、課外活動和其他社區服務承諾。A.familiar熟悉的；B.patient有耐心的；C.busy繁忙的；D.content滿足的。根據“schoolandafter-classactivitiesandothercommunityservicepromises”可知，杰克和馬克斯忙于學校、課外活動和其他社區服務承諾，bebusywith忙于某事。故選C。第二節語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）A閱讀下列短文，根據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞空白處僅填寫一個適當的詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。TheprotectionoftheYellowRiverisoneofthetopconcernsforChineseleadership.Inthepasttwodecades,theChinesegovernment____11____(strengthen)theprotectionofwetlandsalongtheYellowRiver,____12____(make)variouswildbirdsgatherinthisarea.Therisingnumberofwildbirdshasbroughtabenefitforbirdwatchers,whoareverythankfulfor____13____thegovernmenthasdoneforthepeople.FurthereffortswillbemadetobringmorebeautifulenvironmenttotheYellowRiver.【答案】11.hasstrengthened12.making13.what【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了中國政府加強保護黃河沿岸濕地，取得了成果并得到了認可。【11題詳解】考查時態。句意：在過去的20年里，中國政府加強了對黃河沿岸濕地的保護，使各種野生鳥類聚集在這一地區。根據時間狀語Inthepasttwodecades可知，句子應用現在完成時，主語theChinesegovernment是單數，謂語動詞應用hasstrengthened。故填hasstrengthened。【12題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：在過去的20年里，中國政府加強了對黃河沿岸濕地的保護，使各種野生鳥類聚集在這一地區。分析句子，空處作非謂語動詞，中國政府加強對黃河沿岸濕地的保護，自然產生的結果是使得各種野生鳥類聚集在這一地區，所以空處應用現在分詞形式表示自然而然的結果。故填making。【13題詳解】考查賓語從句。句意：野生鳥類數量的增加給觀鳥者帶來了好處，他們非常感謝政府為人民所做的一切。分析句子，空處引導從句作介詞for的賓語，連接詞在賓語從句中作賓語，表示“什么”，應用what引導從句。故填what。B閱讀下列短文，根據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫一個適當的詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。OneeveningIwasgoingbackfromasupermarket.AsIapproachedmycar,Inoticedoneperson____14____seemedabum(流浪漢)standingbesideme.Iexpectedthathewouldaskme____15____somemoney,soIaskedhimifheneededhelpandhisresponsewas“Don’tweall?”Ihaveneverheardwords____16____(astonishing)thanthose.AlthoughIhadmoneyandaplace____17____(sleep)in,IrecognizedthatIneededhelptoo.Itwasatruediscoverytome.【答案】14.who##that15.for16.moreastonishing17.tosleep【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。作者通過與一位流浪漢的交流，意識到了一個真理：無論我們多么富有，我們都需要幫助。【14題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：當我走近我的車時，我注意到一個人似乎是個流浪漢站在我身邊。分析句子結構，此句為限定性定語從句，先行詞oneperson在從句作主語，指人，用關系代詞who/that。故填who或that。【15題詳解】考查介詞。句意：我原以為他會向我要錢，所以我問他是否需要幫助，他的回答是：“難道我們都不需要嗎？”asksb.forsth.詢問某人某事，介詞for作賓語補足語，固定搭配。故填for。【16題詳解】考查形容詞比較級。句意：我從未聽過比這些更令人驚訝的話。根據句中than可知，此處用形容詞比較級，表示“更令人驚訝的”，作表語。故填moreastonishing。【17題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：雖然我有錢，有睡覺的地方，但我意識到我也需要幫助。此處修飾名詞place，常用不定式，作后置定語。故填tosleep。C閱讀下列短文，根據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫一個適當的詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。Chinaplanstocompletetheconstructionofaspacestationandhaveitputintooperationaround2022,saidZhouJianping,thechiefdesignerofChina’smannedspaceprogram,ataforum(論壇)____18____(hold)inGuangdongProvince.Thespacestation____19____(design)toweigh100tonnesandaccommodatethreeastronauts.ThemaingoaloftheconstructionofthespacestationistoenableChinatocarryoutlong-termmannedscientific____20____(experiment)innear-Earthspace.ThespacestationwillbebuiltasChina’smainplatformforspacescienceresearch.【答案】18.held19.wasdesigned20.experiments【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了中國的空間站的相關信息。【18題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：中國載人航天工程總設計師周建平在廣東省舉行的一次論壇上說，中國計劃在2022年左右完成空間站的建設并投入運行。分析句子，空處作非謂語動詞，hold與邏輯主語aforum之間是被動關系，應用過去分詞形式作定語。故填held。【19題詳解】考查時態語態。句意：空間站的設計重量為100噸，可容納三名宇航員。分析句子，空處作謂語動詞，結合語意，“設計”這一動作發生在過去，應用一般過去時，design與主語Thespacestation之間是被動關系，應用一般過去時的被動語態，主語Thespacestation是單數，be動詞應用was。故填wasdesigned。【20題詳解】考查名詞。句意：空間站建設的主要目標是使中國能夠在近地進行長期載人科學實驗。空處表示泛指，應用名詞的復數形式，experiment表示“實驗”，是可數名詞，復數形式為experiments。故填experiments。第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節，38分）第一節（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ASeetheGreatSmokyMountainsinanamazinganduniqueway—fromtheaironascenichelicoptertour!PassengerswillgettoflyovertheGreatSmokyMountainsforabirdseyeviewofthetopsightsinthearea.ThesetoursofferbreathtakingviewsofyourfavoriteGatlinburglandmarkssobesuretopursueone!LakeViewTourAvailableNowuntil12/21ExploreDouglasLakeaswellastheGreatSmokyMountainsonthis12milejourneythroughtheskies.VisitorswillbetreatedtogloriousviewsoftheFrenchBroadRiverandDouglasLake.OtherhighlightsonthistourincludeSmokiesfarmlandandDouglasDam,aWorldWarIIeradam.Theexperiencelastsapproximately6minutes.MountainValleyTourAvailableNowuntil12/24This24miletour,istheperfectadditiontoyoursightseeingadventuresintheSmokies.Duringthisflight,you’llseethegorgeousTennesseeValley,theGreatSmokyMountainNationalPark,andBluffandSugarloafMountains.Thisisthebestflighttochooseifyouwanttogetamazingmountainviews.Theentireexperiencelastsapproximately12minutes.NationalParkTourAvailableNowuntil12/28This50mileNationalParkTourwhichlastsapproximately25minutesisanamazingadventurethroughtheGreatSmokyMountainsandsurroundingareas.Asfornaturalwonders,thetourissuretoimpressandisamust-have!GatlinburgTourAvailableNowuntil12/30Gatlinburg,TNisoneofthemostgorgeouscitiesintheSmokyMountainarea.Taketotheskiestogetthebestviewsofthebeautifulcity,Gatlinburg.Thetourlastsfor40milesandapproximately18minutes.21.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.TointroducetheGreatSmokyMountains’amazingviews.B.ToexplainwhatyoucanseeinHelicopterTours.C.ToadvertiseGreatSmokyMountainsHelicopterTours.D.Torecommendsomegoodtraveldestinations.22.Ifyoushowspecialpreferencetocityviews,whichtourshouldyouchoose?A.LakeViewTour. B.MountainValleyTour.C.NationalParkTour. D.GatlinburgTour.23.Whatcanweinferaboutthetoursfromthetext?A.Theyareunforgettableforthetourists. B.Theylastapproximatelyequaltime.C.TheycanbetakenonanydayinDecember. D.Theycostmorethancommonones.【答案】21.C22.D23.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇應用文。文章是一則旅游廣告，介紹了參觀GreatSmokyMountains的四個路線的情況。【21題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第一段“SeetheGreatSmokyMountainsinanamazinganduniqueway—fromtheaironascenichelicoptertour!PassengerswillgettoflyovertheGreatSmokyMountainsforabirdseyeviewofthetopsightsinthearea.ThesetoursofferbreathtakingviewsofyourfavoriteGatlinburglandmarkssobesuretopursueone!(以一種奇妙而獨特的方式觀賞GreatSmokyMountains——從空中乘坐觀光直升機！乘客將飛越GreatSmokyMountains，鳥瞰該地區的頂級景觀。這些旅程提供了你最喜歡的加特林堡地標的驚人的景色，所以一定要去一個！)”結合文章是一則旅游廣告，介紹了參觀GreatSmokyMountains的四個路線的情況。可推知，這篇文章的目的是為GreatSmokyMountains直升機旅游做廣告。故選C。【22題詳解】細節理解題。根據最后一段中“Gatlinburg,TNisoneofthemostgorgeouscitiesintheSmokyMountainarea.Taketotheskiestogetthebestviewsofthebeautifulcity,Gatlinburg.(TNGatlinburg是SmokyMountain最美麗城市之一。飛上天空，欣賞美麗的Gatlinburg)”可知，如果你特別喜歡看城市風景，你應該選擇GatlinburgTour。故選D。【23題詳解】推理判斷題。根據LakeViewTour部分中“VisitorswillbetreatedtogloriousviewsoftheFrenchBroadRiverandDouglasLake.OtherhighlightsonthistourincludeSmokiesfarmlandandDouglasDam,aWorldWarIIeradam.(游客可以欣賞到法國寬闊的河流和道格拉斯湖的壯麗景色。這次旅行的其他亮點還包括Smokies農田和道格拉斯大壩，一個二戰時期的大壩)”；MountainValleyTour部分中“Thisisthebestflighttochooseifyouwanttogetamazingmountainviews.(如果你想欣賞令人驚嘆的山景，這是最好的選擇)”以及NationalParkTour部分中“Asfornaturalwonders,thetourissuretoimpressandisamust-have!(至于自然奇觀，一定會給人留下深刻印象，是必游之選！)”可推知，旅行會讓游客難忘。故選A。BSophiebecamefriendswiththegraysquirrelsduringherfirstweekatPennState,afterspottingthemrunningaroundandwonderingwhattheywouldlooklikewithtinyhatsontheirheads.Today,everyoneattheuniversityknowsherasthe“SquirrelGirl”.Sophietriedbringingthemfood,andgraduallytheybegantotrusther.Shemanagedtoputahatonasquirrelandtakeapicture.Thinkingthathercolleaguescoulddosomethingtolifttheirspirits,shestartedpostingsimilarphotosonFacebook.Theresponsewasgreatlypositive,andbeforelongSophieandhersquirrelsbecameanInternetsensation(轟動).GrowingupinaneighborhoodoutsideofStateCollege,Sophiewasalwaysfondofbirdsandanimalsaroundherhome,butshedidn’tinteractwithpeopleverymuch.Shewaslaterdiagnosed(診斷)withAsperger'ssyndrome,butthesquirrelschangedthat.“Thesquirrelshelpmebreaktheice,becauseI’llbesittingherepattingasquirrelandotherpeoplewillcomeoverandwelljuststartlikefeedingthesquirrelstogetherandchattingaboutthem,”shesaid,“Iamalotmoreoutgoing.”Andincaseyou’rewonderinghowSophieisabletogetthesquirrelstodowhatshewantsforherphotos,ithasalottodowithfood.Forexample,whenevershewantsthemtoholdorplaywithsomething,sheputspeanutbutterontheprop(道具),andthey’llgrabit.Inthebeginning,shewouldthrowpeanutsupthetreesoncampusandinvitethesquirrelstocomedownandgetthem,buttheyhesitatedtoapproachher.Shehadthepatiencetoearntheirtrust,though.ThisyearSophieisgraduatingwithadegreeinEnglishandwildlifesciences.Shewantstobeasciencewriterandeducatepeopleonhowtopreservetheenvironment.Asforherfurryfriends,Sophieplanstostayintheareaandvisitthemasoftenasshecan.24.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Sophiewasfonderofsquirrelsthananyotheranimals.B.Sophieisknownasthe“SquirrelGirl”inthecommunity.C.SophieandsquirrelsreceivedgreatattentionontheInternet.D.Sophiewishestoeducatepeopleonhowtoprotecttheanimals.25.WhatcanwelearnaboutSophieaccordingtoparagraph3?A.Shewasmoreoutgoingthanbefore.B.Shegotlotsoffriendsduetosquirrels.C.Shelivedinthefarcountrysidewhenyoung.D.Sheusedtobeapopulargirlinherchildhood.26.HowdidSophiemanagetotakephotosofsquirrelswearinghats?A.Bydressinglikesquirrels. B.Byputtingthemincages.C.Byplayingmusictothem. D.Byattractingthemwithfood.27.WhatdoyouthinkofSophie?A.Patientandcaring. B.Tolerantandstrong.C.Sociableandhealthy. D.Traditionalandhard-working.【答案】24.C25.A26.D27.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了蘇菲和灰松鼠成了朋友，通過和松鼠的交流改變了自己的性格完成了學業的故事。【24題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第二段“Theresponsewasgreatlypositive,andbeforelongSophieandhersquirrelsbecameanInternetsensation(轟動).”（反應非常積極，不久蘇菲和她的松鼠就在網上引起了轟動。）可知，蘇菲和松鼠在網上受到了極大的關注。故選C項。【25題詳解】細節理解題。根據第三段““Thesquirrelshelpmebreaktheice,becauseI’llbesittingherepattingasquirrelandotherpeoplewillcomeoverandwelljuststartlikefeedingthesquirrelstogetherandchattingaboutthem,”shesaid,“Iamalotmoreoutgoing.””（“松鼠幫我打破僵局，因為我會坐在這里拍松鼠，其他人會過來，我們就開始一起喂松鼠，聊它們，”她說，“我更外向了。”）可知，蘇菲比以前更外向了。故選A項。【26題詳解】細節理解題。根據第四段“Andincaseyou’rewonderinghowSophieisabletogetthesquirrelstodowhatshewantsforherphotos,ithasalottodowithfood.Forexample,whenevershewantsthemtoholdorplaywithsomething,sheputspeanutbutterontheprop(道具),andthey’llgrabit.”（如果你想知道蘇菲是如何讓松鼠為她的照片做她想做的事情的，這與食物有很大關系。例如，每當她想讓它們拿東西或玩東西時，她會把花生醬放在道具上，它們會抓住它。）可知，蘇菲是通過食物吸引松鼠，給松鼠戴上帽子拍照的。故選D項。【27題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第四段“Inthebeginning,shewouldthrowpeanutsupthetreesoncampusandinvitethesquirrelstocomedownandgetthem,buttheyhesitatedtoapproachher.Shehadthepatiencetoearntheirtrust,though.”（一開始，她會把花生扔到校園的樹上，并邀請松鼠下來拿，但松鼠不愿接近她。不過，她有耐心贏得它們的信任。）以及最后一段“Asforherfurryfriends,Sophieplanstostayintheareaandvisitthemasoftenasshecan.”（至于她的毛茸茸的朋友們，蘇菲計劃留在這個地區，盡可能多地拜訪它們。）可知，蘇菲有耐心贏得松鼠的信任，并且會盡可能關心動物們，所以蘇菲是有耐心的和愛心的。故選A項。CHaveyoueverfoundyourselfinthissituation:Youhearasongyouusedtosingwhenyouwereachild—abitofnostalgia(懷舊)or“blastfromthepast,”aswesay.Butitisnotadistantchildhoodmemory.Thewordscomebacktoyouasclearlyaswhenyousangthemallthoseyearsago.ResearchersattheUniversityofEdinburghstudiedtherelationshipbetweenmusicandrememberingaforeignlanguage.Theyfoundthatrememberingwordsinasongwasthebestwaytorememberevenoneofthemostdifficultlanguages.Hereiswhattheydid.Researcherstook60adultsandrandomlydividedthemintothreegroupsof20.Thentheygavethegroupsthreedifferenttypesof“listen-and-repeat”learningconditions.Researchershadonegroupsimplyspeakthewords.Theyhadthesecondgroupspeakthewordstoarhythm,orbeat.Andtheyaskedthethirdgrouptosingthewords.AllthreegroupsstudiedwordsfromtheHungarianlanguagefor15minutes.Thentheytookpartinaseriesoflanguageteststoseewhattheyremembered.WhyHungarian,youask?ResearcherssaidtheychoseHungarianbecausenotmanypeopleknowthelanguage.ItdoesnotshareanyrootswithGermanicorRomancelanguages,suchasItalianorSpanish.Afterthetestswereover,thesingerscameoutontop.ThepeoplewholearnedthesenewHungarianwordsbysingingthemshowedahigheroverallperformance.Theydidthebestinfouroutoffiveofthetests.Theyalsoperformedtwotimesbetterthanthosewhosimplylearnedthewordsbyspeakingthem.Dr.KatieOverysayssingingcouldleadtonewwaystolearnaforeignlanguage.Thebrainlikestorememberthingswhentheyarecontainedinacatchyormemorabletune.Dr.Ludkesaidthefindingscouldhelpthosewhostruggletolearnforeignlanguages.OnthewebsiteofUniversityofEdinburghDr.Ludkewrites,“Thisstudyprovidesthefirstexperimentalevidencethatalisten-and-repeatsingingmethodcansupportforeignlanguagelearning,andopensthedoorforfutureresearchinthisarea.”28.The“song”mentionedinthefirstparagraphisintendedto________.A.recallthepast B.attractthereadersC.introducethetopic D.comparethechildhoodwiththepresent29.Basedonthelasttwoparagraphs,wecanconcludethat________.A.singingisthebestwaytolearnalanguageB.Dr.KatieOveryandDr.LudkedisagreewitheachotherC.alisten-repeatmethodisveryeffectiveforanylanguagelearnerD.thebrainprobablyworksbestwhentheforeignlanguagelearnerssingthewords30.Inwhichsituationcanthefindingoftheresearchbeapplied?A.AnAmericanisgoingtolearnsomeChinese.B.Achildisgoingtohavehisfirstmusiclesson.C.AstudentisgoingtolearnanewEnglishsong.D.Amotherisgoingtoteachherbabyhowtospeak.【答案】28.C29.D30.A【解析】【分析】本文是說明文。介紹了一項關于唱歌和外語習得之間關系的研究，研究表明：唱歌可能帶來學習外語的新方法，“聽并且重復”的唱歌方法有助于外語學習。【28題詳解】推理判斷題。由第一段“Haveyoueverfoundyourselfinthissituation:Youhearasongyouusedtosingwhenyouwereachild—abitofnostalgia(懷舊)or“blastfromthepast”,aswesay.Butitisnotadistantchildhoodmemory.Thewordscomebacktoyouasclearlyaswhenyousangthemallthoseyearsago.(你有沒有發現自己處于這樣的境地：你聽到一首你小時候經常唱的歌——一點懷舊或者我們所說的“來自過去的爆炸”。但這不是遙遠的童年記憶。這些歌詞回到你的腦海里，就像你多年前唱的那樣清晰)”和第二段“ResearchersattheUniversityofEdinburghstudiedtherelationshipbetweenmusicandrememberingaforeignlanguage.Theyfoundthatrememberingwordsinasongwasthebestwaytorememberevenoneofthemostdifficultlanguages.(愛丁堡大學的研究者們研究了音樂和記憶外語之間的關系。他們發現記住歌曲中的單詞是記住最難的語言的最好方法)”可知，第一段開頭通過舉例“歌曲”導入話題，人們都清楚地記得兒時唱歌的歌詞，第二段講了音樂和記憶外語之間的關系，可得出第一段所說的“歌曲”是為了導入主題。故選C項。【29題詳解】推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段中“singingcouldleadtonewwaystolearnaforeignlanguage.Thebrainlikestorememberthingswhentheyarecontainedinacatchyormemorabletune.(唱歌可能帶來學習外語的新方法。大腦喜歡記住瑯瑯上口或令人難忘的旋律)”和最后一段中“Thisstudyprovidesthefirstexperimentalevidencethatalisten-and-repeatsingingmethodcansupportforeignlanguagelearning,andopensthedoorforfutureresearchinthisarea.(這項研究提供了第一個實驗證據，證明了“聽并且重復的唱歌方法”可以支持外語學習，并為該領域的進一步研究打開了大門)”可推斷，大腦喜歡記住瑯瑯上口或令人難忘的旋律，即當外語學習者用“聽并且重復的唱歌方法”唱單詞時，大腦可能工作最好，故選D項。【30題詳解】推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“Thisstudyprovidesthefirstexperimentalevidencethatalisten-and-repeatsingingmethodcansupportforeignlanguagelearning,andopensthedoorforfutureresearchinthisarea.(這項研究提供了第一個實驗證據，即聽并且重復的唱歌方法可以支持外語學習，并為將來在這方面的研究打開大門)”可推斷，此項研究對于外語學習者非常有用，一個美國人要學漢語可以采用此方法。故選A項。DAUSgovernmentstudyhasfoundthatfacialrecognitiontechnologyisgettingbetteratidentifyingpeoplewearingmasks.ThestudyispartofanongoingresearchbytheUSNationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology(NIST).Theagencyhasexaminedtheeffectivenessofmorethan150facialrecognitionsystemsonpeoplewearingfacecoverings.Thesystemsarepoweredbymachinelearningalgorithms(算法).ThefirstresultsofthestudywereannouncedinJuly,ashealthofficialsacrosstheworldurgedpeopletowearmaskstolimitthespreadofCOVID-19.Newfindingswerereleasedthisweek.Policeagencieshavelongusedfacialrecognitiontechnologytosearchforandhelpcatchcriminals.Itcanalsobeusedtounlockphonesorotherelectronicdevices.Somerobotsusefacialrecognitiontechnologytorecognizethepeopletheyarecommunicatingwith.However,thewideuseofmasksinpublichascreatedmajordifficultiesforsuchsystems.Thestudylookedatfacialrecognitionsystemsalreadyinusebeforethepandemic.Italsolookedatsystemsspeciallydevelopedtoworkonmaskedfaces.TheNISTsaiditprocessedatotalof6.2millionimagesfortheexperimentPeopleintheimageswerenotactuallywearingmasks.So,theresearchersdigitallyaddeddifferentmaskshapestofacesinthepicturesforuseinthestudy.Insomecases,upto70percentofaperson’sfacewascoveredintheimages.Overall,theresearchshowsthetop-performingfacialrecognitionsystemsfailtocorrectlyidentifyunmaskedindividualsabout0.3percentofthetimeandthefailureraterosetoabout5percentwithmaskedimages.Manyofthelowerperformingalgorithms,however,hadmuchhighererrorrateswithmaskedimages—ashighas20to50percent.Inthelatestfindings,researchersincludedresultsfrom65newfacialrecognitionsystemsthathavebeendevelopedsincethestartofthepandemic.“Someofthesesystemsperformed“significantlybetter”thantheearlierones，”MeiNgan,aleadresearcherontheproject,saidinastatement.Thestudyalsofoundround-shapedmasks—whichcoveronlythemouthandnose—ledtofewererrorsthanwideronesthatstretchacrossthecheeks.Thenewstudyalsoranteststoseewhetherdifferentcoloredmaskswouldaffecterrorrates.Theteamusedred,white,blackandlightblue.Theresearchfindingssuggestedthatgenerally,theredandblackmasksledtohigherfailureratesthantheothercolors.31.Howdoestheauthormainlypresentthestudyfinding?A.Bygivingdefinitionsandexamples.B.Bygivingexamplesandabriefdescription.C.Bypresentingdataandmakingacomparison.D.Bygivingdefinitionsandpresentingdata.32.Accordingtothestudy,whathasaffectedtheeffectivenessoffacialrecognition?A.Thespeedofthemachinelearningalgorithms.B.Theoperators’skillinperformingalgorithms.C.Thenumberofthetestedpeople.D.Thediversityoffacecoverings.33.Whoisthemostdifficulttorecognize?A.Agirlwearingawhiteround-shapedmask.B.Aladywitharedmaskstretchingacrosshercheeks.C.Amanwearingalightbluemaskcoveringhismouthandnose.D.Amanwearingablackmaskwithhisnoseandmouthcoveredup.34.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthefacialrecognitionsystems?A.Objective B.NegativeC.Uncaring. D.Doubtful.【答案】31.C32.D33.B34.A【解析】這是一篇說明文。美國政府一項研究發現，面部識別技術在識別戴口罩的人方面正變得越來越好。【31題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第三段最后兩句“Overall,theresearchshowsthetop-performingfacialrecognitionsystemsfailtocorrectlyidentifyunmaskedindividualsabout0.3percentofthetimeandthefailureraterosetoabout5percentwithmaskedimages.Manyofthelowerperformingalgorithms,however,hadmuchhighererrorrateswithmaskedimages—ashighas20to50percent.”（總的來說，研究表明，表現最好的面部識別系統不能正確地識別出大約0.3%個未被蒙面的人。而在使用蒙面圖像的情況下，失敗率上升到5%左右。然而，許多表現較差的算法，對蒙面圖像的錯誤率要高得多——高達20%到50%。）可知，作者主要通過提供數據和對比的方式來呈現研究結果。故選C。【32題詳解】細節理解題。根據最后一段倒數第三句“Thenewstudyalsoranteststoseewhetherdifferentcoloredmaskswouldaffecterrorrates.”（這項新研究還進行了測試，看不同顏色的口罩是否會影響錯誤率。）和倒數第四句“Thestudyalsofoundround-shapedmasks—whichcoveronlythemouthandnose—ledtofewererrorsthanwideronesthatstretchacrossthecheeks.”（研究還發現，圓形口罩(只覆蓋嘴和鼻子)比寬口罩(覆蓋臉頰)產生的錯誤要少。）可知，口罩的多樣性影響面部識別的有效性。故選D。【33題詳解】推理判斷題。根據最后一段最后一句“Theresearchfindingssuggestedthatgenerally,theredandblackmasksledtohigherfailureratesthantheothercolors.”（研究結果表明，一般來說，紅色和黑色面具比其他顏色的面具失敗率更高。）和倒數第四句“Thestudyalsofoundround-shapedmasks—whichcoveronlythemouthandnose—ledtofewererrorsthanwideronesthatstretchacrossthecheeks.”（研究還發現，圓形口罩(只覆蓋嘴和鼻子)比寬口罩(覆蓋臉頰)產生的錯誤要少。）可知，一位戴著紅色寬口罩的女士會最難識別。故選B。【34題詳解】推理判斷題。全文只是介紹了對人臉識別系統的研究，并沒有表達作者的個人觀點，所以作者對人臉識別系統持客觀態度。故選A。第二節（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據短文內容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Perhapsyou’veheardtheoldsaying“curiositykilledthecat.”It’saphrasethat’softenusedtowarnpeople—especiallychildren—nottoasktoomanyquestions.___35___Infact,researchhasshownthatcuriosityisjustasimportantasintelligenceindetermininghowwellstudentsdoinschool.Curiositycanalsoleadustomakeunexpecteddiscoveries,bringexcitementintoourlives,andopenupnewpossibilities.___36___Forexample,onedayin1831,MichaelFaradaywasplayingaroundwithacoil(線圈)andamagnet(磁鐵)whenhesuddenlysawhowhecouldproduceanelectricalcurrent.Atfirst,itwasn’tclearwhatusethiswouldhave,butitactuallymadeelectricityavailableforuseintechnology,andsochangedtheworld.___37___Ononelevel,thisisbecausetechnologyhasbecomesoadvancedthatmanyofusareunabletothinktoodeeplyabouthowexactlythingsworkanymore.Whileitmaybepossibleforacuriousteenagertotakeatoasterapartandgetsomesenseofhowitworks,howmuchdoyouunderstandaboutwhathappenswhenyoutypeawebsiteaddressintoabrowser?Wheredoesyourgraspoftechnologyendandthemagicbeginforyou?Inadditiontothis,there’sthefactthatweallnowconnectsodeeplywithtechnology,particularlywithourphones.Themorewestareatourscreens,thelesswetalktootherpeopledirectly.___38___Thenwefeelweknowenoughaboutapersonnottoneedtoengagefurtherwiththem.Thefinal—andperhapsmostworrying—wayinwhichtechnologystopsusfromaskingmorehastodowithalgorithms,theprocessesfollowedbycomputers.Asweincreasinglygetournewsviasocialmedia,algorithmsfindoutwhatwelikeandpushmoreofthesamebacktous.___39___Perhapstherealkeytodevelopingcuriosityinthe21stcentury,then,istorelylessonthetechtoolsofourage.A.Itisstillnotknownwhylearninggivesussuchpleasure.B.Wearealwaysencouragedtochallengeourpre-existingbeliefs.C.Yetit’sw