PAGEUnit3DiverseCulturesⅠ.閱讀理解Citiesusuallyhaveagoodreasonforbeingwheretheyare,likeanearbyportorriver.Peoplesettleintheseplacesbecausetheyareeasytogettoandnaturallysuitedtocommunicationsandtrade.NewYorkCity,forexample,isnearalargeharbouratthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.Over300yearsitspopulationgrewgraduallyfrom800peopleto8million.Butnotallcitiesdevelopslowlyoveralongperiodoftime.Boomtownsgrowfromnothingalmostovernight.In1896,Dawson,Canada,wasunmappedwilderness(荒野).Butgoldwasdiscoveredtherein1897,andtwoyearslater,itwasoneofthelargestcitiesintheWest,withapopulationof30,000.DawsondidnothaveanyofthenaturalconveniencesofcitieslikeLondonorParis.Peoplewentthereforgold.Theytravelledoversnow-coveredmountainsandsailedhundredsofmilesupicyrivers.ThepathtoDawsonwascoveredwiththirtyfeetofwetsnowthatcouldfallwithoutwarming.Anavalanche(雪崩)onceclosedthepath,killing63people.FormanywhomadeittoDawson,however,therewardswereworththedifficulttrip.Ofthefirst20,000peoplewhodugforgold,4,000gotrich.About100ofthesestayedrichmenfortherestoftheirlives.Butnomatterhowrichtheywere,Dawsonwasnevercomfortable.Necessitieslikefoodandwoodwereveryexpensive.Butsoon,thegoldthatDawsondependedonhadallbeenfound.Thecitywascrowdedwithdisappointedpeoplewithnointerestinsettlingdown,andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska,theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome.Today,peoplestillcomeandgo—toseewheretheCanadiangoldrushhappened.Tourismisnowthechiefindustryof這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了Dawson這座城市的發展緣由、過程與現狀。1．WhatattractedtheearlysettlerstoNewYorkCity?A.Itsbusinessculture. B.Itssmallpopulation.C.Itsgeographicalposition. D.Itsfavourableclimate.答案：C解析：細微環節理解題。依據文章第一段中Citiesusuallyhaveagoodreasonforbeingwheretheyare,likeanearbyportorriver.Peoplesettleintheseplacesbecausetheyareeasytogettoandnaturallysuitedtocommunicationsandtrade.NewYorkCity,forexample,isnearalargeharbouratthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.可知，人們選擇在河邊或港口設城是因為交通便利，便于做生意。而紐約就是在哈德森河口旁邊的一個大港口，故紐約吸引早期移民的緣由是它的地理位置，故C正確。2．WhatdoweknowaboutthosewhofirstdugforgoldinDawson?A．Two-thirdsofthemstayedthere.B．Oneoutoffivepeoplegotrich.C．Almosteveryonegaveup.D．Halfofthemdied.答案：B解析：細微環節理解題。依據文章其次段倒數其次句Ofthefirst20,000peoplewhodugforgold,4,000gotrich.可知，在最初挖黃金的兩萬人中有4000人變富有，所以是五分之一的人變富了，故B正確。3．WhatwasthemainreasonformanypeopletoleaveDawson?A．Theyfoundthecitytoocrowded.B．Theywantedtotrytheirluckelsewhere.C．Theywereunabletostandthewinter.D．Theywereshortoffood.答案：B解析：細微環節理解題。依據文章最終一段中andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska,theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome.可知，人們離開Dawson的主要緣由是聽說在Alaska發覺了黃金，也就是他們要去別的地方找尋發財的機會。故B正確。4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Theriseandfallofacity. B．ThegoldrushinCanada.C．Journeysintothewilderness. D．TourisminDawson.答案：A解析：主旨大意題。第一段簡要介紹城市發展的緣由，引出Dawson這一城市的興起，其次段介紹了該城市興起的緣由，第三段介紹人們選擇離開該城市的緣由及現在的狀況，所以全文圍繞Dawson這個城市的發展與起伏。故A正確。Ⅱ.七選五Pleasewearlooseclothing,mostlycotton.Itisobviousthatwearingclothingthatislooseratherthantightiswelcomedinsummer.1.Thiscarriesawaythewarmththatyourbodyproducesandallowscoolerairtoflowbackin.2.Whenit'sreallyhotout,materialsthat“breathe”—allowingtheflowofairthroughthefabric(衣料)itself—alsoworktokeepyoucool.Cottonandlinenareamongthemostbreathablefabrics，solookforclothesmadeofthosesubstances.Yourbodycontrolsitstemperatureviaasmallpeanut-shapedsectionofthebrainknownasthehypothalamus(下丘腦).3.Itturnsthetemperatureupordownbasedonvariousfactors—suchashowcoldorhottheskinis.Certainpartsoftheskinhavealargerinfluencethanothers.4.Theygettheirnamebecauseyoucanfeelyourpulsethere,andthereasonyoucandothatisbecausevesselsaresoclosetotheedgeofyourskinthatonecaneasilyhearorfeeltheflowofblood.Whenyouwanttoloweryourbodytemperature,coolingthosepulsepointswithcoldwateroricesendsasignaltothebrainthatsays,“Turncold.”5.Focusonpulsepointsthatareeasytoreach:theinsidesofyourwrists,theareaaroundyourtemple,andyourneck.Holdinganicepackorevenacoldwashclothagainsttheskinontheseregionswillmakeyourentirebodyfeelcooler.A．ItallowsairtoflowpasttheskinB．SweatinghelpstocoolofftheskinC．Theseareasarecalledpulsepoints(脈沖點)D．Thetypeoffabricyouwearhasaninfluence,tooE．Thisfoolsyourbrainintoturningdownitsthermostat(恒溫器)F．ThisregionworksalmostlikeathermostatinahomeG．Exercisinginextremeheatisusuallynotrecommended本文是一篇說明文。在夏天穿寬松而不是緊身的衣服是受歡迎的。文章講解并描述這樣的衣服在夏天是如何讓你涼快的。1．A解析：上文提示“很明顯，在夏天穿寬松而不是緊身的衣服是受歡迎的。”承接上文，A項Itallowsairtoflowpasttheskin.(它允許空氣流過皮膚)切題。該項中的it指代上文中的clothingthatislooseratherthantight。故選A。2．D解析：下文提示“當天氣真的很熱的時候，可以‘呼吸’的材料——允許空氣通過織物本身——也能讓你保持涼快。”承接下文，D項Thetypeoffabricyouwearhasaninfluence,too(你穿什么面料也有影響)切題。該項中的fabric和下文中的materials相吻合。故選D。3．F解析：上文提示“你的身體通過大腦中一個叫作下丘腦的花生形態的小區域來限制溫度。”承接上文，F項Thisregionworksalmostlikeathermostatinahome(這個區域的工作原理就像家里的恒溫器)切題。該項中的Thisregion指上文中的hypothalamus。故選F。4．C解析：下文提示“它們得名是因為你能感覺到脈搏，而你能感覺到脈搏的緣由是因為血管離你的皮膚邊緣很近，你很簡單聽到或感覺到血流。”承接下文，C項Theseareasarecalledpulsepoints(脈沖點)(這些區域被稱為脈沖點)切題。下文說明怎樣得名，所以該項符合句意。故選C。5．E解析：上文提示“當你想要降低體溫時，用冷水或冰冷卻這些脈搏點會向大腦發出一個信號，說‘變冷’。”承接上文，E項Thisfoolsyourbrainintoturningdownitsthermostat(恒溫器)(這會讓你的大腦降低溫度)切題。故選E。Ⅲ.讀后續寫閱讀下面材料，依據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。續寫的詞數應為150左右。Ifetchedmymailasusual.Suddenlyacolorfulflyer(傳單)jumpedintomysight.Inthemiddlewasadrawingofanold-fashionedphone,liketheonemygreat-auntSarahadowned40yearsagoandatthebottomwasaphonenumber.Runningmyeyesoverit,Icouldn'thelplaughing.“Isthatmailfunny？”myten-year-olddaughter,Jenny,asked.“Notreally，”Iadmitted.“It'saboutWake-upService.Outdatedalready.”“What'sthat？”shefrowned(皺眉).Iexplainedhow,beforesmart-phones,peoplesometimespaidsomeonetowakethemwithacall.“Whosentthisflyer？”shepressed.Ishookmyhead.“Probablysomeoneolderandhecouldusesomemoney.”Isaid.Hereyeslitup.“Canweorderawake-up？”sheasked.“Nokidding.Withsmartphonesathand,whowillneedit?Andit'snocheapatall.$2.5perday.”Ipickeduptheflyerandheadedfortherecyclingbin.“Wait！”sheshouted.“Ifeelsorryforthewake-upman,ifheneedssomemoney，”shesaid,tearingup.“Can'tweorder？”Ilookedattheflyerwithitsdrawingofanold-fashionedphone.Iremembered,again,mygreat-auntSaraandheroldphone.Asakid,I'dvisitedheroverLaborDaywhenJerryLewiswouldhosthischarity(慈善)eventforthedisabledkids.AuntSarawouldgraspmyhandtightly,andthenreachforthetelephone,dialingthenumberonthescreen.Holdingthereceiverbetweenus,we'dannouncetotheoperator,“We'dliketohelpthosekids.”Butnowherewasmyownchild,showingthesamebigheartI'doncebeenencouragedtohave,andhowcouldIignore(忽視)her?IGoogledflyer'stelephonenumber.ThenumberbelongedtoamancalledRaymond.答案Paragraph1：Jennydialedthenumber.Tohersurprise,thevoicewasquiteyoung,softandfriendly.“CanIordertheWake-upService？”Jennyasked.“Sure