eq\a\vs4\al([閱讀理解限時提速練]限時30分鐘)A(2018·山東省實驗中學模擬)Heathasbeenusedtocontrolhair,suchasblow-dryinghair,curlinghairandstraighteninghair,forhundredsofyears.Buthowmuchistoomuch?Ifyou'veeveropenedaveryhotoven,youknowthatheatcanburnyoureyebrowsoffyourfaceveryquickly.AscientistfromPurdueUniversityinIndianaistryingtofindascientificansweronhowhotistoohotwhenitestoyourhair.Manywomenandsomemenareveryparticularabouttheirhair.Somepeoplewhohavenaturallycurlyhairprefertohaveitstraightened.Otherswithstraighthairwanttohavecurls.TahiraReidisoneofthosepeople.AsanAfrican-Americanwoman,sheisfamiliarwiththechallengesofmaintainingcurly,coilortightlycurledhair.Puttinghermechanicalengineeringtrainingtowork,TahiraReidandotherresearchersatPurdueUniversityarestudyinghowheattreatmentinteracts(相互作用)withdifferenttypesofhairandhowtopreventdamage.InaPurdueUniversitylab,theteammembersdesignedahairstraightenertool—aflatironwithceramic(陶瓷的)platesandtemperaturecontrol.Theyattachedittoaroboticarmthatmovedoverpiecesofhair.Theymonitoredthetemperaturewhilethedevicestraightenedhair.Theirstudyfoundthattheheatweakenedorbrokeaproteincalledkeratin,responsibleforthehair'sshape,andtemporarilychangedit.Butnobodyknowsexactlyatwhatleveltheheatcanactuallycausepermanentdamage.Researcherssaytheresultsareabitinconclusive.Itturnsoutthateveryone'shairisdifferentandthatthere'snoexacttemperaturewherehairstraighteningbeeshairdamage.Forexample,peoplewithnaturallycurlyhaircansuffermoredamagefromheatironsthanthosewithstraighthair.Ms.Reidsaystheywillcontinuetheirresearchinthehopeoffindingwhatworksbestwithoutdamagingthehair.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了科學家想找出燙發時，多高的溫度會對頭發造成損傷。1．Theauthormentionedopeningaveryhotovento________.A．exposeeyebrowstohightemperaturesB．remindpeopleoftherightuseofanovenC．warnpeopleoftheharmofblow-dryinghairD．suggestthedamagetohaircausedbyhightemperatures解析：選D推理判斷題。由第一段的最后兩句和第二段可知，作者提到打開非常熱的烤箱是為了回答“howmuchistoomuch”，并由此來暗示高溫對頭發的損傷。2．Thehairdevicedesignedbytheteammemberscan________.A．makehairstraightB．changehairstyleseasilyC．limitheatinaproperlevelD．preventhairfrombeingdamaged解析：選A細節理解題。由第四段的“ahairstraightenertool”和最后一句可知，實驗室小組成員設計的這種燙發裝置能夠把頭發拉直。3．Howcanheatcreatehair'sshapesaccordingtothestudy?A．Itpermanentlyweakensthehair.B．Itchangesasubstanceofthehair.C．Itmakesthehairtemporarilyhard.D．Itmakesthehaireasilybroken.解析：選B細節理解題。由第五段的第一句可知，高溫會破壞頭發中的給頭發定型的叫作keratin的蛋白質，故選B。4．Theunderlinedword“inconclusive”inParagraph6means“________”．A．clear B．decisiveC．uncertain D．helpful解析：選C詞義猜測題。由第五段的最后一句可知，沒人知道會對頭發造成永久性損傷的確切溫度；由第六段的第二句可知，頭發因人而異，目前也沒有確定拉直頭發時損傷頭發的確切溫度；由此可推知，研究結果是不確定的(uncertain)。B(2018·山西省八校聯考)Seven-year-oldFaithneverthoughtmuchaboutputtingaprostheticlimb(假肢)whereherlefthandhadoncebeen,notuntilthelittlegirllearnedshecoulddesignherownlimb,tieitoneasilyandthenjumponherbikeandcycleawayatspeedspreviouslyonlyimagined.Withfamilymembersoccasionallyshouting“Becareful”and“Watchoutforthatcar”，Faithfirmlyplacedhernewhand'sbrightblueandpinkfingersonherbikeandtookoffforaseeminglyendlesssojourn(逗留)aroundtheBuildItWorkspaceonTuesdaymorning.Inside,justashorttimebefore,thathandwasbuiltovernight.“Idon'tthinkwe'llevergetheroffit，”saidhermother,Nicole,smilingasshewatchedherdaughtercontinuetocircletheparkinglotinthisOrangeCounty,Californiasuburb.Theprostheticlimbrepresentsabreakthroughinsmallhandsthatareeconomicalandeasyforchildrentouse.Faithhadpartmentsyndrome(間隔綜合征)whenherpositionduringchildbirth(分娩)cutofftheflowofbloodtoherleftforearm,severelydamaginghertissue,muscleandbone.Afterninemonthsoftryingtosavethelimb,doctorsdeterminedtheyhadtocutoffthepartjustbelowtheelbow.HerparentswereworkingwiththenonprofitgroupE-Nabletogethera3D-printedhand,butthetechnologyissonewthatthere'sawaitinglist.ThenhermotherlearnedofwhatBuildItWorkspacecoulddofromafriend.Althoughthepany,foundedlessthanayearagobymechanicalengineerMarkLengsfeld,hasprintedouteverythingfrompumpsforoilandgaspaniestopartsforunmannedaerialvehicles(無人機),thiswasthefirsthandLengsfeldandhisemployeeshadbuilt.語篇解讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。一個失去部分左臂的小女孩安上了3D打印機打印的義肢，開心地騎上自行車并且能應付自如。5．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Thewideuseof3Dprinting.B．7-year-oldFaithcanridethebikenow.C．WhatBuildItWorkspacecoulddo.D．3Dprintingbenefitsa7-year-oldgirl.解析：選D主旨大意題。文章講述了3D打印機打印的義肢如何使一個身有殘缺的女孩重獲快樂的故事。6．WhywereFaith'sparentsunabletogeta3D-printedhandfromE-Nable?A．Itcoststoomuch.B．Thetechnologyistoonew.C．Manypeoplearewaitingforit.D．E-Nablecan'tmakeahandforchildren.解析：選C細節理解題。從文章倒數第二段“butthetechnologyissonewthatthere'sawaitinglist”可知，因為等待的人很多，因此小女孩的父母沒有能夠從這個機構獲得義肢。7．Whatdoestheunderlined“it”inParagraph3referto?A．Faith'sbike. B．The3Dprinter.C．Theparkinglot. D．Faith'sprostheticlimb.解析：選A代詞指代題。分析文章第三段可知，此處指小女孩騎上自行車十分開心，似乎要永遠騎著“自行車”。C(2018·吉林省實驗中學模擬)Yearsago,theAmericanwriterKurtVonnegutoftensaidtherewasonestorythatwouldalwaysmakeamilliondollars：“Cinderella”(《灰姑娘》)．“Cinderella”mademorelike$70millioninticketsaleswhenitopenedlastweekend.Butthemoviegota_mixed_reaction.DavidRooneyofTheHollywoodReporterpraisedthemovieandsaid,“Anyonewillfindsomethingtoenjoyinit.”StevenReaofThePhiladelphiaInquirercalledthemovie“awinningre-do”.RichardCorlissofTimemagazinewrotethat“DisneyfinallygotCinderellaright”.Otherpeoplewerenotashappywiththemovie.SaraStewartoftheNewYorkPostwrote,“ThisCinderellaisalldressedupwithnowhereveryinterestingtogo.”Althoughdifferentpeoplethinkdifferentlytowardsthemovie,whatisclear,however,isthemovie'sbusinesssuccess.Itisnotonlypopularinthetheatersbutalsoinsales.AndDisneyhaswideneditsusualmarketfor“Cinderella”products.ThereareproductsconnectedtotheDisneymovietargeted(面向)notonlyatlittlegirls,butwomen,too.Forexample,thefamousshoedesignerJimmyChooworkedwithDisneytocreate“Cinderella'sshoes”.YoucanbuythemforaboutD|S5,000.Atthatprice,youwouldnotwanttoloseoneattheparty,evenifthatisthewayyougetyourprince.Themakeup(化妝品)panyMACquicklysoldallitsproductsconnectedto“Cinderella”.HSNisapopularwebsitesellingclothingandobjectsforthehome.Themarketerisnowalsoselling“Cinderella”products.So,isthereanythingleftforthechildren,thosepeoplewethinkofasthetraditionalaudiencefortheage-oldtale?Yes,youcanfindtoysandotherchildren'sproductsattheAmericanstoreJCPenney.Ofcourse,youcanalsovisitaDisneystore.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了真人版電影《灰姑娘》不僅票房大賣而且相關產品也銷售火爆。8．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Sellersof“Cinderella”productsB．“Cinderella”ismorethanamovieC．Whatmakes“Cinderella”sopopularD．Unknownstoriesbehind“Cinderella”解析：選B標題歸納題。文章主要介紹了《灰姑娘》這部電影不僅在票房上大獲成功并且其相關產品也很暢銷，由此可知B項概括了文章主旨，作為文章標題最佳。9．Theunderlinedpart“amixedreaction”inParagraph2probablymeans________.A．manychangesB．differentstoriesC．advantagesanddisadvantagesD．agreementsanddisagreements解析：選D詞義猜測題。根據畫線部分接下來介紹不同人對電影的不同看法以及第三段首句的“Althoughdifferentpeoplethinkdifferentlytowardsthemovie”可知，人們對這部電影褒貶不一。10．Productsconnectedto“Cinderella”________.A．donotsellverywellB．aredesignedforawidegroupofbuyersC．aremainlytargetedatlittlegirlsD．arenotyetonthemarket解析：選B推理判斷題。根據第三段末句“Disneyhaswideneditsusualmarketfor‘Cinderella’products”和第四段首句“Thereareproductsconnected(面向)totheDisneymovietargeted(面向)notonlyatlittlegirls,butwomen,too.”可知，和《灰姑娘》相關的產品有著更廣泛的消費群體。11．Wherecanchildrenbuytoysconnectedto“Cinderella”？A．AtMAC. B．AtMACandHSN.C．AtJCPenney. D．AtHSNandaDisneystore.解析：選C細節理解題。根據最后一段中的“youcanfindtoysandotherchildren'sproductsattheAmericanstoreJCPenney”可知答案。DChildrenoftendon'tknowwhenandhowtospeakup.Theydon'tunderstandtheappropriatetimetointerrupt.Nordotheyoftenshowtheskillsthatwillenablethemtospeakupeffectively.Theydon'tunderstandthepowerofwordsandhowtousethemtocreatechangesintheirlives.Themosteffectivewayforchildrentolearnwhenandhowtospeakupistoteachthem.Ifyouwantyourchildtolearntousehisvoiceinappropriatewaysattheappropriatetime,youhavetohelphim.Belowaresuggestionsforwhentoencourageyourchildtocreatehisownvoice.Childrenneedtospeakupwhen...1．Theyneedhelp.Childrenneedhelpastheymovethrougheachdevelopmentalstage.Somesituationstheycandealwiththemselves.Otherstheycannot.Akeyfactorinbeingindependentisknowingwhenandhowtoaskforhelp.2．Theywantsomething.Yes,it'sOKforchildrentoaskforwhattheywant.Justbecauseachildlearnstospeakup,askingforwhathewantsdoesn'tmeanhewillgetit.Sometimeswhatachildwantsisunsafe.Itisourjobasparentstoturndownthoserequestswhilerespectingthechild'srighttoexpresshiswishtogetwhathewants.3．Theirpersonalspacehasbeendisturbed.Childrenneedtobetaughttoaccesstheirvoicewhenevertheyexperienceunsuitabletouches.Teachyourchildrentospeakupclearlyifwrongtouchesoccur.Teachyoungchildrentosay,“That'snotsuitable.”or“Nobodygetstotouchmethere.”4．Someoneisindanger.Wheneverthereisdanger,wewantandneedchildrentospeakup.Andwewantthemtodoitquickly.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。孩子通常不清楚什么時候以及怎樣開口說話。這就需要父母的幫助。12．Tolearnhowtocreatehisvoiceproperly,achildhadbetter________.A．beebraveenoughB．askforparents'helpC．create