動名詞復習策略及練習

Gerund

一、動名詞定義、形式和功能

動名詞是動詞的另一種形式。動名詞兼用名詞和動詞的特點，可以起名詞作用，在句中可以做主語、賓語、表語、定語及同位語。

動名詞的各種形式如下：

主動語態(tài)

被動語態(tài)

一般式doingbeingdone

完成式havingdonehavingbeendone閱讀下面短文，用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當形式填空Theysaythatfirstimpressionsareveryimportant.MyfirstimpressionofMrs.Liwasthatshewasnervousandshy.Ithinkperhapsshewas,asitwasherfirstlessonwithus.Butnow,aftertwoweeks,theclassenjoy__1____(work)withher.She’skindandpatient,andsheexplainsEnglishgrammarsoclearlyby__2_____(wave)her__3_____(teach)stickintheairthatevenIcanunderstandit!---Shehaslotsofwaystoavoid__4_____(make)youfeelstupid!That’s,shehaslotsofways---___5___(make)youfeelcomfortable!__6_____(see)is__7_____(believe).NowMrs.Liiscomingtothelecture.Let’sgiveherawarmwelcome.1.working及物動詞的賓語2.waving介詞的賓語

3.teaching定語4.making及物動詞的賓語5.making同位語6.seeing主語

7.believing表語動名詞的句法功能

一、動名詞作主語1．__________(說比作容易).2.Eugene’sneverwillingtoalteranyofhisopinions.Itisnouse______________(和他爭辯).

3._____(smoke)isharmfultopeople’shealth.溫馨提示：1.動名詞（詞組）作主語，表示經(jīng)常和泛指的動作。謂語用單數(shù)形式。2.“Itisnouse/nogood/useless...doingsth.”這是動名詞做真正主語，it為形式主語。1.Speakingiseasierthandoing2.arguingwithhim3.Smoking二、動名詞作賓語1)后面跟動名詞而不跟不定式的常見動詞及短語及介詞后的賓語：1.Ican’tstand___(work)withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses___(stop)takingwhilesheworks.2.Ifeellike____(go)outforanoutingeveryweekend.3.Thesoldiergetsupearlyeverymorningtopractice____(shoot)carefully.4.YoushouldimproveyourspokenEnglishby____(speak)Englishoften.5.Tonywasveryunhappyfor____________________________(沒有被邀請去舞會).

1.working;tostop2.going3.shooting4.speaking5.notbeinginvitedtotheparty.溫馨提示：

英語動詞中只能跟動名詞不能跟不定式的動詞（短語）如下：承認______；避免_____/______；欣賞/感激______；考慮_____；錯過；_______;享受_____；完成_____/_____；延期_____/_____/______；想象______；包括______；否認______；原諒______；抵抗______；建議____/_____/_____；介意_______；放棄___；冒險______;操練________;提及/提到________等；以及短語：putoff;giveup,insiston,feellike;夢想_______;認為think_____等。admitavoidappreciateconsidermissenjoycompletefinishdelayputoffpostponeimagineincludedenyforgive/excuseresistsuggestadvicerecommendmindgiveupriskpractisementiondreamofthinkof2)后面跟不定式和動名詞基本可以通用。1.Howlongwilltheycontinue____(work)？2.Hebegan____(learn)Englishwhenhesettledthere.3.Thesnowonthehillbegan____(melt).4.I’mstarting_____(show)interestinEnglishliterature.1.towork/working2.tolearn/learning3.tomelt4.toshow溫馨提示：

動詞continue/work/start等一般后面跟不定式和動名詞，基本通用，但在以下幾點常用不定式：1）主語為sth時；2）謂語為進行時態(tài)3）后面的動詞是狀態(tài)或意識性動詞，如：realise,see,understand等。

3)跟不定式表示將來動作、動名詞表示以前（時間的區(qū)別）常見三個詞：1.I

regret____(nottake)youradvicebefore.2.I

regret____(tell)youthatyourfatherisill.3.I

stillremember___(read)thisessayonsomemagazinebefore.4.Pleaseremember____(turn)thelightsoffwhenyouleavetheclassroom.1.nottaking2.totell3.reading/havingread4.toturn溫馨提示：動詞regret/remember/forget后面跟動名詞或動名詞的完成式，表示以前的動作；后面跟不定式表示以后的動作。4)V+doing/done意義完全不一樣的有：1.①Iwilltry____(finish)myhomeworkwiththenext2weeksofthesummerholiday.②Ifyouwanttobepatient,perhaps,youshouldtry____(fish)often.2.①Ididn’tmean____(hurt)you.Sorryagain.②Missingthebusmeans____(wait)foranotherhour.3.①Whentheteachercamein,allthestudentsstopped____(chat).②Whenweclimbedonthetopofthemountain,westopped____(have)arest.4.①Afterfinishingtheessay,wewenton_____(have)PElessonontheplayground.②Thoughitwasraininghard,allthefarmersstillwenton____(work)inthefiled.5.①Hearingthejoke,allthestudentscouldn’thelp____(laugh).②Iamtoobusythisevening,soIcannothelp____(review)yourlessons.6.ThistimeIdidn’tpasstheexam.I’mafraid____(go)homebecauseI’mafraidof____(punish)bymyparents.1.①tofinish②fishing2.①tohurt②waiting3.①chatting②tohave4.①tohave②working5.①laughing②(to)review6.togo;beingpunished溫馨提示：

有些動詞后面跟不定式和動名詞意思完全不一樣，如一下展示：trytodo盡力做某事goontodo接著做另一件事meantodo打算做trydoing嘗試做某事goondoing繼續(xù)做同一件事meandoing意味著做stoptodo停下來做某事can’thelptodo不能幫助做beafraidtodo不敢做stopdoing停止做某事can’thelpdoing忍不住做beafraidofdoing擔心；害怕做5）need/want/require_____/_______________1.Ineed____(go)outforadrink.2.Theflowersinthegardenneed_____/______________(water).3.Thebabyrequires_____/______________(look)after.6)like/prefer/dislike等。Ilike____(swim)butIdon’tlike_____(swim)intheswimmingpoor,foritistoonoisy.1.togo2.watering/tobewatered3.looking/tobelooked溫馨提示:動詞need/want/requre/deserve在表示“某人/某物需要或值得被做某事，用動名詞的主動式或不定式的被動式。swimming;toswim溫馨提示:動詞like/prefer等后面跟不定式和動名詞基本可以通用，但側重點不太一樣，如表示經(jīng)常和泛指動作，則用動名詞；如表示具體動作用不定式。7)介詞賓語1.Hegreetedmeby____(smile)atme.2.Ialwaysdreamof_____(go)toakeyuniversity.3.1.Therearesomeotherapproachesto_____(solve)theproblemsbesidesthese.4.Youcannotimaginewhatdifficultywehad_____(look)forthemissingchild.5.Let’sgetdownto_____(do)thehouseworkforMomisnotathome.

6.Mr.Reedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto_____(set)upaschoolfortheorphans.1.

smiling2.going3.solving4.looking5.doing6.setting溫馨提示:1.介詞后面跟動名詞做賓語。2.有些介詞經(jīng)常可以省略。常見省略的介詞有如下：

spend/pass/kill/waste/...time(in)doing;haveagood/badtime(in)doing;prevent/stopsb./sth(from)doing...;havefun/enjoyoneself(in)doing;bebusy(in)doing;endup(in)doing;Thereisnopoint/sense(in)doingsth;Therebedifficulty/trouble(in)doing....

3.to為介詞而非不定式符號的常見短語或句式：總結常見“V+介詞to”的短語：

adapt(...)to;adjust(oneself)to;devote...to;getdownto;payattentionto;referto;lookforwardto;contributeto;limit...to;restrict...to;addict...to;attach...to;tie...to;fasten...to;stickto;leadto;belongto;addupto;amountto;datebackto...總結“名詞+介詞to”

key/answer/note/solution/access/atitude/approach/monument/memorial/bridge/visitor/devotion/contribution/alternative/end/thanks/access...總結“(be+)形容詞+介詞to”或“副詞+介詞to”或句式中的介詞to：similiar/identical/subject/devoted/used/accustomed/limited/restricted/accessiveowingto/accordingto/upto/asto/closeto/nativeto/...prefer...to.../whenitcomesto...注意：1.theway表示“方法；辦法”后面跟todo或ofdoing;表示“在……的路上”thewayto...（to為介詞）。2.agreeto表示“同意某人計劃等為介詞，如agreetoone’splan/arrangement/suggestion/advice...;表示“同意干什么”，為agreetodo.3.dueto表示“由于，因為”，dueto中to為介詞；表示“預期干什么”，to為不定式符號。如：Thetrainisduetoarriveat3pm.Thesportsmeetingwasputoffduetothebadweather.8)V+sb.+todo/V+doing結構1.Thedoctoradvisedmyfather_____(stop)smoke.Andmeanwhilethedoctorforbad_____(smoke)inthehospital.2.Myfatherwasnotallowed_____(smoke)infutureforhishealth.1.tostop;smoking2.tosmoke溫馨提示:這類動詞常見有：advise,allow,permit,forbid,encourage,recommend等。9)worth/worthy/worthwhile

用beworth/beworthy及beworthwhile翻譯“這部電影值得一看”。

ThefilmisworthseeingThefilmisworthyofbeingseen=Thefilmisworthytobeseen.

Itisworthwhiletoseethefilm/seeingthefilm=Toseethefilm/Seeingthefilmisworthwhile.溫馨提示:1.beworthdoing=beworthyofbeingdone=beworthtobedoneItisworthwiletodosth/doingsth=Todosth/Doingsthbeworthwhile三、動名詞作表語、定語、同位語1.Thisisa____(游泳池)inyourschool?

2.Hisjobis______（教書）.3.Hishabit,___(run)inthefreshmorningair,remainsunchanged.4.---Didyouenjoyyourselfattheparty?

---No.I’veneverhadsuchamore_____(bore)onebefore.5.Thegirl______(stand)overthereismylittlesister.1.swimmingpool定語2.teaching表語3.running同位語

4.boring現(xiàn)在分詞定語現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞作定語辨析：1.aflyingfish2.asleepingboy3.awalkingman

aflyingsuitasleepingbag

awalkingstick提示：同名詞作定語表示所修飾名詞的功能和用途，而現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示動作、狀態(tài)。第一排為現(xiàn)在分詞，第二排為動名詞

動名詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)1.Sheinsistedon____(go)togetherwithus.2.Weareallinterestedin____(sing).3.Iwaspraisedfor_________(havemade)greatprogress.4.Hecameinwithout_________(ask)5.Idon’tremember_____(give)achancetogoabroad.6.Asaresultoftheseriousflood,two-thirdsofthebuildingsinthearea____(needrepair).7.StudentTimes____(be)agoodnewspaper,whichisworth______(read)forstudents.1.going2.sing3.havingmade4.beingasked5.being6.neededrepaired7.is;reading

溫馨提示:動名詞的被動式為beingdone；完成式為havingdone；完成被動式為havingbeendone

動名詞的否定式、復合式1.Iregret__________(沒能告訴你這件事).2.Iapologizefor___________(沒有等你).3.Doyoumind______(我在這兒看電視嗎)?/___________(湯姆在這兒看電視嗎)?4._________（總統(tǒng)參加）themeetinghimselfgavethemagreatdealofencouragement.1.nottellingyouthematter2.notwaitingforyou3.me/mywatchingtheTV/Tom’s/TomwatchingtheTVhere4.Thepresident’sattening溫馨提示:1.動名詞的的否定式為notdoing2.動名詞的復合式為兩種：代詞賓格或物主代詞+doing;名詞所有格或普通格加doing。但如果復合式做主語，則只能用代詞或名詞所有格加doing

Exercise

I．閱讀下面短文，用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當形式填空

IcanspeakPutonghua,andevenalittlebitofCantones,whichismywife’sdialect.Unfortunately,IcannotreadChinesecharacters.Ithinkitisnouse__1__(talk)withoutaction.SoIamconsidering__2__(take)lessons.IcanimproveChineseby___3___(practice

speak)Chineseeveryday.Luckily,thereareoneortwomillionpeopleinmytownwhoarereadytohelpme.Theysuggested

__4__(give)mesomeuseful__5__(learn)methods.Iparticularlyenjoy__6__(talk)tomyneighbors.Theyareverykindandpatientpeople.1.talking2.taking3.practisingspeaking4.giving5.learning6.talkingII.單選或用所給詞適當形式填空1.______thedifferencebetweenthetworesearchfindingswillbeoneoftheworstmistakesyoumake.

A.Ignore B.Ignoring C.Ignored D.Havingignored2.Itisquitehottoday.Doyoufeellike_____foraswim?

A.togo

B.go

C.

going

D.havinggone3.Thefilmstarwearssunglasses.Therefore,hecangoshoppingwithout_____.

A.recognizing

B.beingrecognized

C.havingrecognized

D.havingbeenrecognized4.---Imustapologizefor____aheadoftime.---That’sallright.A.notlettingyouknow

B.lettingyounotknow

C.lettingyouknownot

D.lettingnotyouknow

5.Hesawthehouseforafewminutesandsaiditneeded_______.

A.torepair

B.repairing

C.beingrepaired

D.repaired

6.Iprefer___basketballverymuch,butIdon’tlike___basketballwithsomepeopleIdon’tknow.A.playing;playingB.playing;toplayC.toplay;toplayD.toplay;playing7.Howmuchtimedidyouspend___thetext?

A.copyingB.tocopyC.incopyD.oncopying8.Doyouconsideritanyuse___again?

A.totryB.tryC.tryingD.foryoutotry9.Remember___themagazinewhenyouhavefinishedit.A.puttingbackB.havingputbackC.toputbackD.willputback10.Whentheteachercameintotheclassroom,thestudentsstopped____andreadbooks.

A.totalkB.talkedC.talkD.talking11.StudentTimes____agoodnewspaper,whichisworth_______forstudents.A.is;readingB.is;beingreadC.are;tobereadD.are;read12.---Robertisindeedawiseman.---Oh,yes.HowoftenIhaveregretted____hisadvice.A.totakeB.takingC.nottotakeD.nottaking13.Iremember_____(notclose)thedooryesterday.ButthistimeImustremember____(close)itwhen____(leave).14.Ifyouthinkthattreatingawomanwellmeansalways___（get）herpermissionforthings,thinkagain.15.Whentheteachercameintheclassroom,westopped_____(chat)witheachotherandbegan_____(do)ourhomework.Afterawhile,westopped_____(write)acompositiongivenbyourteacher.16.Withtheteacher’shelp,wewerestarting_____(show)interestinclassicalmusic.17.Wefinditnouse_______(argue)withhimaboutthismatter.18.Nowadays,moreandmoreteenagersareaddictedto_____(play)online