考點22閱讀理解記敘文（核心考點精講精練）1.高考真題考點分布年份卷次主題語境字數題型分類細節理解推理判斷主旨大意詞義猜測2024年2024·新高考I卷人與社會：美國獸醫采用針灸技術治療動物296+12703102024·新高考II卷//////2024·全國甲卷//////2024·北京卷人與自我：作者重拾畫油畫的信心并接受了自身局限性354+9913002024·浙江卷1月卷人與社會：感受電話亭變遷3382023·新高考I卷人與自然：生態機器凈化污水340新高考=2\*ROMANII卷人與社會：UrbanSprouts花園項目幫助學生通過體驗鄉村生活。273+1261212023·全國甲卷人與自然：DIY高手TerriBoltonis的技能277全國乙卷人與社會：風景攝影師312北京卷人與自我：作者職業成功的經歷350天津卷第二次人與自我：成為了社區管弦樂團的首席434+19831102023·浙江卷1月卷人與社會：在家庭中過零浪費的生活方式3502022·新高考I卷//////2022·新高考=2\*ROMANII卷人與社會：孫子把兒童讀物當成平板電腦326全國甲卷人與社會：GinniBalinton往南極洲的旅程305+11821012022·全國乙卷//////2022·北京卷人與社會：參加保護自然活動治愈好了焦慮348+12431002022·天津卷人與自我：獲得自尊就要首先學會接受自己本來的面目410+18722102.命題規律及備考策略【命題規律】縱觀近三年高考試卷，通常一套卷有一篇記敘文，設題主要集中在細節理解題和推理判斷題。所選的記敘文多以第一人稱或第三人稱為主，講述一個短小精悍、有教育意義的故事，有時也會選用生活中的軼聞趣事。所講述的故事題材豐富多樣、富有生活氣息，多按時間順序敘述，偶爾也會有倒敘或插敘的情形。從語言與結構特點上看，英語記敘文以描寫敘述為主，主要描寫人物、事件、地點或過程。其特點是：主題往往隱藏在字里行間，沒有直接地表達出來；文章主旨要通過人物、事件來進行提煉；文章大多按時間跨度、空間順序、上下順序來展開。閱讀記敘文應采取略讀和掃讀的方法，快速抓住文中描寫的主要內容，從整體上把握文章的連貫性，進而大體上揣測出作者的寫作意圖及文章的情感主線。從命題上看，記敘文閱讀理解以細節理解題和推理判斷題為主，以觀點態度題、寫作意圖題、詞義猜測題和代詞指代題為輔，難度總體上屬于中等程度。記敘文閱讀理解題要求考生能理清記敘的順序與所講故事的情節，能準確把握人物的情感態度和作者的寫作目的。【備考策略】在做閱讀理解題時，首先要通讀全文，弄清六要素和記敘的順序，特別要注意文章中提到的多個時間、地點和人物，理清事件的起因、經過和結果；然后閱讀題干，在文章中查找相關的信息；最后根據查找到的相關信息作出正確的選擇。如果文中所涉及的人物較多，還要弄清人物之間的關系。一般故事性記敘文，通讀全文，了解故事的發生、發展、高潮和結局；寓言哲理類記敘文，要理解故事所蘊含的哲理意義，尤其關注故事結尾的升華；逸聞趣事，人物傳記類記敘文，要體會對話的風格，感受故事的精髓。【命題預測】從近三年命題的發展趨勢來看，預測2025年高考記敘文閱讀理解試題難度會保持相對穩定，但會繼續考查細節理解題、推理判斷題主旨大意題和詞義猜測題等題型。【必備基礎知識】一、【題型解讀】記敘文類文章描述的是一件具體事情的發生、發展和結局，通常有時間、地點、人物、事件等。有些文章是按事件發展的經過為主線敘述的，在敘述的過程中有詳有略；有些文章是按時間的順序敘述的，有順敘、倒敘等。從總體上來講，文章的難度通常不大，在閱讀過程中，我們一直在某個線索的引導下，隨著作者的思路去了解一個故事或一件事情的始末，因此會感到比較輕松。命題往往從故事的情節、人物或事件之間的關系、作者的意圖和態度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查學生對細節的辨認能力以及推理判斷能力。閱讀此類文章應特別注意：若是一般故事性文章，應讀懂故事的發生、發展、高潮和結局；若是＂哲理故事＂，要理解故事所蘊含的哲理意義；（3）若是＂逸聞趣事＂，應體會對話的風趣性，進而才能感受幽默的精髓。（1）文體和結構特點：英語記敘文以描寫敘述為主，主要描寫人物、事件、地點或過程。其特點是：主題往往隱藏在字里行間，沒有直接地表達出來；文章主旨要通過任務事件來提煉。文章大多數按照時間順序、空間順序、事情發展順序來展開。（2）閱讀策略：A.首先要通讀全文，弄清六要素和記敘的順序，特別要注意文章中所提到的多個事件、地點和人物，理清事件的起因、經過和結果；B.然后閱讀題干，在文章中查找相關的信息；C.最后根據查找到的相關信息做出正確的選擇。如果文中所涉及的人物較多，還要弄清人物之間的關系。【語篇特點】內容上，記敘文應該包括六要素，即：時間、地點、人物、起因、經過和結果。可以按事件發生的時間順序寫，也可以按事件發生的先后寫。命題上，主要集中在多個事件的先后順序與人物的情感態度上。選材上，新穎、生動、真實、典型的素材描寫，讓讀者有身臨其境的感覺。形式上，順敘、倒敘、插敘。語言上，一般過去時為主，各種時態為輔，合理使用豐富多彩的謂語動詞時態是英語記敘文首要的語言特征；多用動詞，尤其是動態強的行為動詞是英語記敘文又一個明顯的語言特征。二、【寫作意圖】1.講述故事(tell/narrate/relateastory)2.分享經驗(shareanexperience)3.紀念人物(rememberaperson)4.闡明道理(communicateanidea/conveyamessage)01記敘文中的細節理解題【題型解讀】常見的命題方式通常有：1.特殊疑問句形式。以when,where,what,which,who,howmuch/many等疑問詞開頭引出的問題；2.以Accordingto…開頭提問方式；3.少數試題以填空題的形式，如：（1）Toavoidattractingmountainlions,peopleareadvised________.（2）Bythefirstsentenceofthepassageauthormeansthat________.（3）Itseemsthatnowacountry’seconomydependsmuchon________.（4）Ifyouareinterestedinknowingaboutwhatpeople’slifewillbe,youmayvisit________.（5）Thepolicemenweretold“tolooktheotherway”(theunderlinedpartinParagraph2)sothat________.（6）Thepolicemanwhosaid“Goodevening”toRollswantedto________.eq\a\vs4\al([正確選項特征])1．同義替換。替換關鍵詞，如把loseone'sjob換成了beoutofwork；變換詞性，如把important變換成ofimportance；改變語態，如主動語態變成被動語態。2．信息歸納。用精練的語言來概括原文中比較分散或復雜的信息，設置為正確答案。3．正話反說。把原文中的意思反過來表達而成為正確選項。eq\a\vs4\al([干擾選項特征])1．張冠李戴。是原文信息，但不是題目要求的內容。2．無中生有。符合常識，但不是文章的內容。3．曲解文義。與原文極其相似，在細節處有變動。4．顛倒是非。在意思上與原文大相徑庭甚至相反。5．正誤參半。部分正確，部分錯誤。【解題技巧】（1）劃出題干，選項關鍵詞；（2）回憶文章結構，定位具體段落；（3）理解細節內容，最后找出答案；注意：記敘文細節理解題正確選項的特征一定是：①核心詞，原詞復現/同義詞、近義詞替換；②語言簡化【2023年新高考全國Ⅰ卷】WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Aditrystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(細菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge(污泥).First,heconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.OvertheyearsJohnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor,”hesays.“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.”4.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Hewasfondoftraveling. B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.C.Hehadaninquiringmind. D.Helongedtobeadoctor.5.WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks?A.Tofeedtheanimals. B.Tobuildanecosystem.C.Toprotecttheplants. D.Totesttheeco-machine.6.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?A.ToreviewJohn’sresearchplans. B.ToshowanapplicationofJohn’sidea.C.TocompareJohn’sdifferentjobs. D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn’sinvention.7.WhatisthebasisforJohn’swork?A.Naturecanrepairitself. B.Organismsneedwatertosurvive.C.LifeonEarthisdiverse. D.Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.【答案】4.C5.D6.B7.A【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了JohnTodd從小就很愛思考且好學，他建造了一個生態機器，利用自然可以自我修復的原理來凈化污水。【4題詳解】細節理解題。根據第一段“WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Aditrystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.(當約翰·托德還是個孩子的時候，他喜歡探索房子周圍的樹林，觀察大自然是如何解決問題的。例如，一條骯臟的小溪流經植物和微小生物居住的巖石后，往往變得清澈。長大后，約翰開始思考這個過程是否可以用來清理人們制造的混亂)”以及第二段“Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(細菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?(在大學學習了農業、醫學和漁業之后，約翰又回到了觀察自然和提出問題的生活中。為什么某些植物能捕獲有害細菌？哪些魚類會食用致癌化學物質？)”可知，約翰聰穎好學、好奇心很強。故選C。【5題詳解】細節理解題。根據第三段“Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.(幾個星期后，約翰把污泥加了進去)”以及倒數第三段“Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.(他對結果感到驚訝。生態機器里的動植物把污泥當成了食物，開始吃起來！幾周之內，它就被消化了，只剩下純凈水)”可知，約翰把污泥放進罐子里為了測試生態機器。故選D。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段“Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.(這些年來，約翰承擔了許多重大工作。他開發了一個類似溫室的設施，可以處理來自南伯靈頓1600戶家庭的污水。他還設計了一種生態機器來清潔中國東南部城市福州的運河水)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示約翰想法的應用。故選B。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據最后一段“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.(你把生物體放在新的關系中，觀察會發生什么。然后讓這些新系統自行發展自我修復的方式)”可知，約翰工作的基礎是自然可以自我修復。故選A。（2024·安徽合肥·三模）Atthebeginningofgraduateschool,IknewthatifIwantedtogettenure(長期聘用),Ihadtobeproductive.However,whenmyfirstthreepaperswererejectedbymajorjournals,aleadingexperttoldmemyprojectswerehopeless,andIwonderedifIshoulddropout.Weallgetrejectedatwork,whetherit’shavingoursuggestionsshotdownorgettingfiredfromajob.Itcausespain.Neuroscientists(神經系統科學家)havescannedthebrainsofpeoplewhohavecruellybeenexcludedfromanonlinegame.Thephysiological(生理學的)responselooksfairlysimilartoprocessingphysicalpain.Apparently,thiswasadaptiveinourevolutionarypast.Ifrejectiondidn’thurt,youmighthavebeenperfectlycomfortableleavingyourtribe,whichwouldnotbegoodforyoursurvival.Butit’sleftusnervousandlikelytooverreacttoeverydayrejections.Ifyou’veevergivenapresentationandfeltupsetbytheoneunfriendlyfaceinaroomfullofsmiles,youknowwhatImean.That’sthebadnews.Thegoodnewsisthatwecanlearntoacceptrejectioncalmly.“Whenyou’reinsecureinone,yourelyontheotheronethat’sdoingbetteratthattime.Pliability(柔韌性)isthedefinitionofstrength,”saidfilmmakerM.NightShyamalan.Whenmyworkgotrejectedearlyinmyacademiccareer,pliabilitybecamemysourceofstrength.Myidentityasaresearcherwasunderthreat,butthatwasn’twhathaddrawnmetograduateschoolinthefirstplace.Ihadanother,strongeridentity:Iwantedtobeateacher.However,Ihadn’thadthechance:Thefirsttwoyearsofmyprogramweresupposedtofocusentirelyonresearch.IrealizedthatifIwantedtobouncebackfromtheresearchrejections,Ihadtofindawaytoteach.Iconvincedanadvisertosignoffonindependentstudyprojectsforagroupofstudents,andIstartedmeetingwiththemweeklytoteachmyownlittleclass.Theconversationswiththestudentsgaverisetomyfirsttwomajorpapers,whichgavemeaheadstarttowardtenure.4．Whatwastheauthor’sreactiontotheleadingexpert’swords?A．Hetookhisadvice. B．Hefeltdiscouraged.C．Hepaidnoattention. D．Heconsultedanotherexpert.5．Whathaveneuroscientistsfoundout?A．Rejectionreallyhurts.B．Rejectionisimportanttosurvival.C．Peopletendtooverreacttorejection.D．Physicalpaingrowsbecauseofrejection.6．Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodowhenfacingrejection?A．Findoutthereasonsbehindit.B．Forgivethosewhorejectus.C．Turntoourstrongeridentity.D．Learnalessonfrompastfailures.7．Whathappenedtotheauthoratlast?A．Heleftgraduateschool.B．Heturnedintoamiddleschoolteacher.C．Heworkedonpracticinghisphysicalpliability.D．Heaccomplishedsomeresearchworksuccessfully.【答案】4．B5．A6．C7．D【導語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議，主要討論的是個人在面對學術和職業上的拒絕時如何調整心態和尋找新的機會。4．細節理解題。根據第一段“However,whenmyfirstthreepaperswererejectedbymajorjournals,aleadingexperttoldmemyprojectswerehopeless,andIwonderedifIshoulddropout.(然而，當我的前三篇論文被主要期刊拒絕時，一位權威專家告訴我，我的項目沒有希望了，我想知道我是否應該退學。)”可知，作者對權威專家的話的反應是感到灰心喪氣。故選B。5．細節理解題。根據第二段“Neuroscientists(神經系統科學家)havescannedthebrainsofpeoplewhohavecruellybeenexcludedfromanonlinegame.Thephysiological(生理學的)responselooksfairlysimilartoprocessingphysicalpain.(神經科學家掃描了被殘忍地排除在網絡游戲之外的人的大腦。生理反應看起來與處理生理疼痛非常相似。)”可知，神經學家發現了拒絕真的讓人感到疼痛。故選A。6．推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段“Whenmyworkgotrejectedearlyinmyacademiccareer,pliabilitybecamemysourceofstrength.

Myidentityasaresearcherwasunderthreat,butthatwasn’twhathaddrawnmetograduateschoolinthefirstplace.

Ihadanother,strongeridentity:Iwantedtobeateacher.(在我的學術生涯早期，當我的作品被拒絕時，柔韌性成了我力量的源泉。我作為一名研究員的身份受到了威脅，但這并不是吸引我進入研究生院的首要原因。我有另一個更強烈的身份：我想成為一名教師。)”可知，面對拒絕，作者建議我們轉向我們更強大的身份。故選C。7．細節理解題。根據最后一段“Theconversationswiththestudentsgaverisetomyfirsttwomajorpapers,whichgavemeaheadstarttowardtenure.(與學生們的對話促成了我最初的兩篇主要論文，這使我在獲得終身教職方面有了一個良好的開端。)”可知，作者最后成功地完成了一些研究工作。故選D。02記敘文中的推理判斷題【題型解讀】記敘文中推理判斷題常常是人物性格、心情處境、態度及觀點等推斷題隱含推斷題的題干一般為以下幾個動詞：infer(推斷)，indicate(表明，暗示)；suggest(建議)；conclude(得出結論)；assume(假定，設想)；imply(暗示)。隱含推斷題一般根據短文提供的信息借助語境進行推理判斷，需要考生把握文章內在的邏輯關系，才能得出準確的判斷，切忌主觀臆斷、無中生有或文章原句復現。【設問方式】1.Whatcanweinferfrom...?/Whatcanbeinferredabout...?2.Whatcanwelearnabout...?/Whatdoweknowabout...?3.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribes...?【解題技巧】高考閱讀測試中有些題目考查學生對文章作者的主導思想、被描寫人物語氣、言談話語中流露的情緒、性格傾向和作用或文中人物的態度、觀點等方面的理解。做這一類題時一定注意：（1）由表及里地準確把握字里行間的意思，切勿用自己的主觀想法或觀點代替作者的思想觀點。（2）特別注意那些描寫環境氣氛的語言，以及表達感情，態度觀點的詞語。要特別注意作者在文章中的措辭，尤其是感情色彩的形容詞。（3）能結合自己平時積累的有關英語國家的文化傳統、風俗習慣等背景知識來識別評價。【2024新課標Ⅰ卷B篇片段】“Iamnotcrazy,”saysDr.WilliamFarber,shortlyafterperformingacupuncture(針灸)onarabbit.“Iamaheadofmytime.”Ifheseemsalittledefensive,itmightbebecauseevensomeofhiscoworkersoccasionallylaughathisunusualmethods.ButFarberiscertainhe’llhavethelastlaugh.He’soneofasmallbutgrowingnumberofAmericanveterinarians(獸醫)nowpracticing“holistic”medicine-combiningtraditionalWesterntreatmentswithacupuncture,chiropractic(按摩療法)andherbalmedicine.Farber,agraduateofColoradoStateUniversity,startedoutasamoreconventionalveterinarian.Hebecameinterestedinalternativetreatments20yearsagowhenhesufferedfromterriblebackpain.Hetriedmuscle-relaxingdrugsbutfoundlittlerelief.Thenhetriedacupuncture,anancientChinesepractice,andwasamazedthatheimprovedaftertwoorthreetreatments.Whatworkedonaveterinarianseemedlikelytoworkonhispatients.So,afterstudyingthetechniquesforacoupleofyears,hebeganofferingthemtopets.24.WhatdosomeofFarber’scoworkersthinkofhim?A.He’sodd.B.He’sstrict.C.He’sbrave.D.He’srude.【答案】24.A【導語】本文是記敘文。文章講述獸醫威廉·法伯(WilliamFarber)博士在從針灸中受益后，將綜合醫療應用于動物，并取得了初步成效。【24題詳解】細節理解題。根據第一段的“Ifheseemsalittledefensive,itmightbebecauseevensomeofhiscoworkersoccasionallylaughathisunusualmethods.(如果他看起來有點自衛，那可能是因為他的一些同事偶爾會嘲笑他不尋常的方法。)”可知，Farber的同事們有時會嘲笑他不尋常的方法，他們認為他很奇怪。故選A。Passage1（2024·湖南懷化·一模）DuetothefactthattheaveragelifeexpectancyinGhanais64yearsold,andthemostcommoncausesofdeatharelargelytreatableconditions,suchasmalaria,stroke,andrespiratoryinfections.Boateng,growingupinasmallvillageinsouthernGhana/strugglingtoaccessbasichealthcare,feltanurgentcalltohelpanddecidedhewouldmakeithislife’smissiontobringhealthcaretoremotecommunitiesinGhana.Boatengworkedhardinschool,gettingascholarshiptostudybiologyatCornellUniversityintheUS,andultimatelyearnedhismaster’sinHealthcareAdministration.Laterhestartedhisnonprofit,OKBHopeFoundation,andconvertedavanintoamobiledoctor’sofficecalledtheHopeHealthVantobringhealthcaredirectlytothoseinneedin2021.Afewtimesaweek,themobileclinicandmedicalteamtravellongdistancestoremotecommunitiesinGhanaandprovidefreeroutinemedicalcare.Oneachtrip,Boateng’steamconsistsofanurse,aphysician’sassistant,adoctor,andanoperationassistant.Inthevan,theycanrunbasiclabslikebloodworkandurinalysisaswellasprescribeandprovidemedications.“It’slikeaone-stopshopforpeople,”saidBoateng,addingthatmostofthepeopletheyseehaveonehealthissueoranother.Sinceitslaunch,BoatengsaystheHopeHealthVanhasservedmorethan4,000Ghanaiansacrossmorethan45ruralcommunitieswhootherwisedon’thaveeasilyaccessiblemedicalcare.Tosupplementthemobileclinic,Boateng’sorganizationhasalsotrained20volunteerstoserveaslocalhealthadvocates.Theycheckpeople’svitalsandprovidethemedicalteamwithtimelydataforassessinghowtomoveforwardwithcareandtreatment,especiallyforthosewhosehealthisatrisk.Inthefuture,Boatenghopestoexpandtoprovidemoreconsistentandhigh-qualitymedicalcarenotonlytothoselivinginremoteareasofGhanabutinothercountriesaswell.“Ibelievethatourmodelcanbereplicatedinsub-SaharanAfrica,”hesaid.4．WhatinspiredBoatengtosethislifegoal?A．Hewantedtogetascholarship.B．Manylocalsdiedofdeadlydiseases.C．Thebirthplaceofhimwassmallandpoor.D．Basichealthcarewasinaccessibleforlocals.5．Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A．HowBoateng’steamfunctions. B．WhyBoateng’steamwasfounded.C．WhatBoateng’steamhasachieved. D．WhereBoateng’steamhastravelled.6．WhatisBoateng’sattitudetohisteaminthefuture?A．Ambiguous. B．Ambitious. C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful.7．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．AvanbringingmedicalcaretothousandsB．AcountrylackingbasichealthcareC．EffortstoprovidepeoplewithmedicationsD．MobilevanstravellingthroughGhana【答案】4．D5．A6．B7．A【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章通過敘述Boateng的個人故事，展示了他如何致力于改善加納偏遠地區的基本醫療保健服務，并期望將這種模式復制到其他國家。4．細節理解題。根據文章第一段“Boateng,growingupinasmallvillageinsouthernGhana/strugglingtoaccessbasichealthcare,feltanurgentcalltohelpanddecidedhewouldmakeithislife’smissiontobringhealthcaretoremotecommunitiesinGhana.(Boateng在加納南部的一個小村莊長大，很難獲得基本的醫療保健，他感到迫切需要幫助，并決定把為加納偏遠社區提供醫療保健作為自己的一生使命。)”可知，Boateng在加納南部的一個小村莊長大，很難獲得基本的醫療保健，因此感到迫切需要幫助，所以Boateng決定把為加納偏遠社區提供醫療保健作為自己的一生使命。故選D。5．主旨大意題。根據文章第三段內容“Afewtimesaweek,themobileclinicandmedicalteamtravellongdistancestoremotecommunitiesinGhanaandprovidefreeroutinemedicalcare.Oneachtrip,Boateng’steamconsistsofanurse,aphysician’sassistant,adoctor,andanoperationassistant.Inthevan,theycanrunbasiclabslikebloodworkandurinalysisaswellasprescribeandprovidemedications.“It’slikeaone-stopshopforpeople,”saidBoateng,addingthatmostofthepeopletheyseehaveonehealthissueoranother.(流動診所和醫療隊每周幾次長途跋涉前往加納的偏遠社區，提供免費的常規醫療服務。每次旅行，Boateng的團隊都由一名護士、一名醫師助理、一名醫生和一名手術助理組成。在這輛面包車里，他們可以進行血液檢查和尿液分析等基本實驗室，也可以開處方和提供藥物。Boateng說：“這對人們來說就像一站式商店。”他補充說，他們看到的大多數人都有這樣或那樣的健康問題。)”可知，第三段主要講述的Boateng團隊的運作方式，如行醫頻率、團隊組成和工作細則等。故選A。6．推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段“Inthefuture,Boatenghopestoexpandtoprovidemoreconsistentandhigh-qualitymedicalcarenotonlytothoselivinginremoteareasofGhanabutinothercountriesaswell.“Ibelievethatourmodelcanbereplicatedinsub-SaharanAfrica,”hesaid.(未來，Boateng希望擴大規模，不僅為生活在加納偏遠地區的人們，也為其他國家的人們提供更加穩定和高質量的醫療服務。“我相信我們的模式可以在撒哈拉以南非洲復制，”他說。)”可知，Boateng希望未來不僅為生活在加納偏遠地區的人們，也為其他國家的人們提供更加穩定和高質量的醫療服務。由此可知，Boateng表達了他對自己團隊的期望和愿景，他提到“我們有一個更大的愿景——將這種模式復制到非洲其他國家”。這表明他對團隊的未來持有雄心勃勃的態度，希望他們能夠在更廣泛的范圍內取得成功和產生影響。故選B。7．主旨大意題。根據文章第二段“Boatengworkedhardinschool,gettingascholarshiptostudybiologyatCornellUniversityintheUS,andultimatelyearnedhismaster’sinHealthcareAdministration.Laterhestartedhisnonprofit,OKBHopeFoundation,andconvertedavanintoamobiledoctor’sofficecalledtheHopeHealthVantobringhealthcaredirectlytothoseinneedin2021.(Boateng在學校努力學習，獲得了美國康奈爾大學生物學專業的獎學金，并最終獲得了醫療管理碩士學位。后來，他創辦了自己的非營利組織OKB希望基金會，并將一輛面包車改裝成移動醫生辦公室，名為“HopeHealthVan”，于2021年直接為有需要的人提供醫療服務。)”以及全文內容可知，文本主要講述了Boateng通過他的非營利組織以及HopeHealthVan來改善加納偏遠社區的醫療保健服務的努力。這輛車直接為有需要的人提供醫療服務，為加納多個農村社區的超過4000人提供服務。因此，選項A“Avanbringingmedicalcaretothousands(一輛為數千人帶來醫療服務的車)”準確地概括了文本的主要內容和重點。故選A。03記敘文中的主旨大意題【題型解讀】主旨大意題既考查細節理解能力,又考查深層次的推理、概括能力,難度較大。不僅考查考生略讀文章、領會大意的能力，也對考生的歸納、概括能力提出了較高的要求。文章中沒有明顯的解題依據，需要考生從文章中提煉、抽取一些關鍵詞、主干句進行加工概括，才能歸納出文章的主旨。命題方式：Whatisthetextmainlyabout?Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?What'sthefirst/second/thirdparagraphmainlyabout?What'sthemainideadiscussedinthefirst/second/..paragraph?【解題技巧】記敘文主旨概括題的破題方法：（1）首段法：首段主旨句；轉折詞后；破折號后（2）核心名詞法：核心名詞在文章中高頻出現。可是“原詞”或“同義詞”不斷曝光。（3）合并法：整合各段落大意，整合各段落首段信息（4）首位呼應法：整合首段和尾端信息【2023年新高考全國Ⅱ卷】Turningsoil,pullingweeds,andharvestingcabbagesoundliketoughworkformiddleandhighschoolkids.Andatfirstitis,saysAbbyJaramillo,whowithanotherteacherstartedUrbanSprouts,aschoolgardenprogramatfourlow-incomeschools.Theprogramaimstohelpstudentsdevelopscienceskills,environmentalawareness,andhealthylifestyles.Jaramillo’sstudentsliveinneighborhoodswherefreshfoodandgreenspacearenoteasytofindandfastfoodrestaurantsoutnumbergrocerystores.“Thekidsliterallycometoschoolwithbagsofsnacksandlargebottlesofsoftdrinks,”shesays.“Theycometousthinkingvegetablesareawful,dirtisawful,insectsareawful.”Thoughsomeareinitiallyscaredoftheinsectsandturnedoffbythedirt,mostareeagertotrysomethingnew.UrbanSprouts’classes,attwomiddleschoolsandtwohighschools,includehands-onexperimentssuchassoiltesting,flower-and-seeddissection,tastingsoffreshordriedproduce,andworkinthegarden.Severaltimesayear,studentscookthevegetablestheygrow,andtheyoccasionallymakesaladsfortheirentireschools.Programevaluationsshowthatkidseatmorevegetablesasaresultoftheclasses.“Wehavestudentswhosaytheywenthomeandtalkedtotheirparentsandnowthey’reeatingdifferently,”Jaramillosays.Sheaddsthattheprogram’sbenefitsgobeyondnutrition.Somestudentsgetsointerestedingardeningthattheybringhomeseedstostarttheirownvegetablegardens.Besides,workinginthegardenseemstohaveacalmingeffectonJaramillo’sspecialeducationstudents,manyofwhomhaveemotionalcontrolissues.“Theygetoutside,”shesays,“andtheyfeelsuccessful.”4.WhatdoweknowaboutAbbyJaramillo?A.Sheusedtobeahealthworker. B.Shegrewupinalow-incomefamily.C.Sheownsafastfoodrestaurant. D.SheisaninitiatorofUrbanSprouts.5.WhatwasaproblemfacingJaramilloatthestartoftheprogram?A.Thekids’parentsdistrustedher. B.Studentshadlittletimeforherclasses.C.Somekidsdislikedgardenwork. D.Therewasnospaceforschoolgardens.6.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheimpactoftheprogram?A.Far-reaching. B.Predictable.C.Short-lived. D.Unidentifiable.7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.RescuingSchoolGardens B.ExperiencingCountryLifeC.GrowingVegetableLovers D.ChangingLocalLandscape【答案】4.D5.C6.A7.B【解析】【導語】本文是記敘文。文章主要講述了AbbyJaramillo等老師在低收入學校發起的培養學生科學能力，環保意識以及健康生活方式的UrbanSprouts花園項目，讓學生通過體驗鄉村生活，對學生影響深遠。【4題詳解】細節理解題。根據第一段的“Andatfirstitis,saysAbbyJaramillo,whowithanotherteacherstartedUrbanSprouts,aschoolgardenprogramatfourlow-incomeschools.(起初是這樣的，艾比·哈拉米洛說，她和另一位老師在四所低收入學校啟動了“UrbanSprouts”學校花園項目。)”可知，艾比·哈拉米洛是UrbanSprouts的發起者。故選D。【5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第二段的“shesays.“Theycometousthinkingvegetablesareawful,dirtisawful,insectsareawful.”Thoughsomeareinitiallyscaredoftheinsectsandturnedoffbythedirt,mostareeagertotrysomethingnew.(她說。“他們來找我們，認為蔬菜很可怕，泥土很可怕，昆蟲也很可怕。”雖然有些人一開始害怕昆蟲，對泥土感到厭煩，但大多數人都渴望嘗試新的東西。)”可知，項目之初，一些學生不喜歡園藝工作。故選C。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據最后一段“Sheaddsthattheprogram’sbenefitsgobeyondnutrition.Somestudentsgetsointerestedingardeningthattheybringhomeseedstostarttheirownvegetablegardens.Besides,workinginthegardenseemstohaveacalmingeffectonJaramillo’sspecialeducationstudents,manyofwhomhaveemotionalcontrolissues.“Theygetoutside,”shesays,“andtheyfeelsuccessful.”(她補充說，該計劃的好處不僅僅是營養。有些學生對園藝非常感興趣，他們帶回家種子開始自己的菜園。此外，在花園里工作似乎對Jaramillo的特殊教育學生有鎮靜作用，他們中的許多人都有情緒控制問題。“他們走了出去，”她說，“他們覺得成功。”)”可知，這個項目不僅給學生提供了有營養的食物，而且許多學生回家開創了自己的菜園，對有情緒控制問題的學生也起到了鎮靜作用，從而推知，該項目的影響是深遠的。故選A。【7題詳解】主旨大意題。根據第一段的“Andatfirstitis,saysAbbyJaramillo,whowithanotherteacherstartedUrbanSprouts,aschoolgardenprogramatfourlow-incomeschools.Theprogramaimstohelpstudentsdevelopscienceskills,environmentalawareness,andhealthylifestyles.(起初是這樣的，艾比·哈拉米洛說，她和另一位老師在四所低收入學校啟動了“UrbanSprouts”學校花園項目。該項目旨在幫助學生培養科學技能、環保意識和健康的生活方式。)”以及下文內容可知，文章主要講述了AbbyJaramillo等老師在低收入學校發起的培養學生科學能力，環保意識以及健康生活方式的UrbanSprouts花園項目，讓學生體驗鄉村生活，對學生影響深遠。因此推斷B項“體驗鄉村生活”符合文意，最適合作為本文標題。故選B。（2024·浙江嘉興·二模）Ihavealwaysbeenproudofmyhandwriting,askillIwastaughtingradeschool.TheteacherwasteachingusthePalmerPenmanshipMethod,drillingintoustheimportanceofformingbigflowinglineswhenwewroteg’sands’saswellasbeautifulf’sthatinmymindwerelikefairytaleprincesseswearingfancyhatswhileextendingtheirrightfoot.Wewerestrictlyprohibitedfromusingblocklettersonourhomework,astheylackthebeauty.Nowitbecomesapparentthatyoungpeoplenolongerlearncursive(草書).Theytypeeverything,mostlyontheirphones.Beautifulhandwritingisathingofthepast.Thishasbecomeasourceofgreatsadnessamongtraditionalists.Butrecentlysomethinghappenedthatshookmyfaithincursive.Tomycompletedisbelief,notonebuttwoofmyclosefriendscomplainedaboutthehandwritingonmypostcards.TheyweregratefulforthebeautifulpostcardsIregularlysent,buttheysaidtheyhonestlycouldn'treadathingIhadwritten.OnefriendwentsofarastoaskifIcoulduseblocklettersnexttimesothatshecouldunderstandwhatIwaswriting.Initially,Iwasangry.IhadmadetheefforttocoveranentirepostcardwithwhatIviewedasnotjusthandwritingbutcalligraphy.ButthenIshowedanEnglishfriendapostcardI'djustwritten,andhesaidthattheonlythingthatwasreadilyunderstandablewastheletters“U.S.A．”Therestofit,hepolitelysuggested,lookedlike“chickenscrawl”.Lookingatthepostcarddispassionately,Iunwillinglyadmitthathehasapoint.Allthem’sandn’sruntogether,andthel’slooklikel’s.Thea’sareindistinguishablefromtheq’s.So,fromnowon,I'mtakingtheiradviceandusingblockletterstocommunicate.Infact,Ijustnowsentanoldfriendapostcard.Butthistime,Isimplywrote—inbigblockletters:DEARALICE:HI.JOE.Ihopeshegetsthemessage.4．WhatdoweknowaboutthePalmerPenmanshipMethod?A．Itischaracterizedbybigflowinglines. B．Itisrarelyappreciatedbytraditionalists.C．Itwasnotallowedinstudents'homework. D．Itisviewedasatrendinhandwritingstyles.5．Whatweakenedthewriter’sbeliefincursive?A．Thepopularityofblocklettersinrecenttimes.B．Theyoungergeneration’sdisinterestincursive.C．Hisfriends’failuretocomprehendhispostcards.D．HisEnglishfriend'ssuggestiononpostcarddesign.6．Whydidthewriterswitchtoblocklettersforcommunication?A．Todeliverhismessageclearly. B．Toimprovehishandwritingskills.C．Towinpraisefromhisfriends. D．Toshowhispassionforcalligraphy.7．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Thewideuseofcursive. B．Thesaddeclineofcursive.C．Thevalueofpreservingcursive. D．Thetechniqueofwritingincursive.【答案】4．A5．C6．A7．B【導語】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者從小學時對自己的草書書法感到自豪，到意識到現代趨勢使草書變得不那么實用和容易理解的歷程。盡管作者的朋友們很欣賞草書的美麗，但看不懂他們手寫的明信片，所以為了清晰起見，他決定改用印刷體。這一轉變象征著一個更廣泛的社會轉變，從手寫交流向打字交流轉變，顯示了傳統美感與實際易讀性之間的斗爭。4．細節理解題。根據第一段中“TheteacherwasteachingusthePalmerPenmanshipMethod,drillingintoustheimportanceofformingbigflowinglineswhenwewroteg’sands’saswellas