SectionⅢDiscoverusefulstructures—Pastparticiplesvsthe-ingformJourneyacrossavastlandUnit4閱讀以下短文，找出含有動詞-ing和動詞-ed形式的句子，并感悟其在句中所作成分。Withmanypainters，musicians，novelistsandpoetslookingattheworldinnewanddifferentways，Romanticismwasaculturalmovementfromthelate18thtothemid-19thcentury.Breakingwiththeidealsofthe18thcenturywastheaimoftheRomantics:theygaveupfollowingrigidrules;instead，theyputemphasisontheimportanceofimaginationandfeeling，theloveofnatureandareturntothepast.InEngland，語境感悟thegreatestachievementsoftheRomanticmovementlayinpoetry，especiallythatofWilliamWordsworth，SamuelTaylorColeridge，GeorgeGordonByronandPercyByssheShelley.Duringthattime，Englandwasundergoingaprocesscalledindustrialization.Largefactorieswerebeingbuiltandpeopleweremadetoworklonghours.Romanticpoetswereoftennotpleasedwithwhatwashappeningintheircountryandtheywerenotalwaysinterestedintheimprovementsinscience.Instead，theyadvocatedgoingbacktonature.Asaresult，celebratingthebeautyofnatureandcountrylifebecameacommonthemeinRomanticpoetry.Thepoetsalsowroteaboutindividualfeelingsandbeliefs.Exploringtheworldofemotionandshowingthebeautyofnature，thepoetryoftheRomanticeraisoneofthegreatesttreasuresinWesternliterature.答案1.主語：Breakingwiththeidealsofthe18thcenturywastheaimoftheRomantics......celebratingthebeautyofnatureandcountrylifebecameacommonthemeinRomanticpoetry.2.賓語：...theygaveupfollowingrigidrules....theyadvocatedgoingbacktonature.3.表語：Romanticpoetswereoftennotpleasedwith...andtheywerenotalwaysinterestedintheimprovementsinscience.4.定語：Duringthattime，Englandwasundergoingaprocesscalledindustrialization.5.狀語：Exploringtheworldofemotionandshowingthebeautyofnature，thepoetryoftheRomanticera...6.補語：Withmanypainters，musicians，novelistsandpoetslookingattheworldinnewanddifferentways，Romanticismwasaculturalmovement...語法精講一、過去分詞和動詞-ing形式作表語Helookedworriedafterreadingtheletter.看完信后，他顯得很憂慮。Whenweheardofit，weweredeeplymoved.當我們聽說這件事時，我們深受感動。Weweresurprisedatwhathesaidatthemeeting.我們對他在會上講的話感到很驚訝。Hiswordswerediscouraging，whichmademanypeoplediscouraged.他的話令人泄氣，使得很多人灰心喪氣。Thefrightenedlookonherfacesuggestedthatshewasfrightenedbythefrighteningscene.她臉上害怕的表情表明她被這恐怖的場面嚇著了。

總結(jié)<<<表語常放在be，get，feel，remain，seem，look，become等系動詞之后；過去分詞作表語表示人或物的心情或狀態(tài)等，也可理解為心情或狀態(tài)受到外界影響，有“感到……”之意；動詞-ing形式作表語表示人或物的自身特征，有“令人……”之意。二、過去分詞和動詞-ing形式作狀語Usedforalongtime，thebooklooksold.由于用了很長時間，這本書看上去陳舊了。Usingthebook，Ifinditveryuseful.在使用這本書時，我發(fā)現(xiàn)它很有用。Seenfromthetopofthemountain，thescenerywasreallyfascinating.從山頂看去，風景真迷人。Seeingthesceneryfromthetopofthemountain，Iwasfascinatedbytheautumncolours.從山頂看風景，我被秋色迷住了。Followedbythestudents，theheadteacherenteredtheclassroom.被學生跟著，班主任進了教室。Followingthestudents，theheadteacherenteredtheclassroom.跟著學生，班主任進了教室。Whenhewasaskedabouthisaddress，theboydidn’trespond.＝Whenaskedabouthisaddress，theboydidn’trespond.當被問到地址的時候，這位男孩沒有回答。Thoughtheyhadbeenwarnedofthestorm，thefarmerswerestillworkinginthefields.＝Thoughwarnedofthestorm，thefarmerswerestillworkinginthefields.盡管被警告過有暴風雨，但農(nóng)民們?nèi)匀辉谔锏乩飫谧鳌henyoucrossthestreet，youmustbecareful.＝Whencrossingthestreet，youmustbecareful.當過馬路的時候，你務必小心。

總結(jié)<<<1.過去分詞和動詞-ing形式作狀語時，其邏輯主語必須是主句的主語。過去分詞與其邏輯主語之間是被動關系，往往表示完成；動詞-ing形式與其邏輯主語之間是主動關系，一般表示動作正在進行。2.過去分詞和動詞-ing形式通常在句中作時間狀語、原因狀語、條件狀語、讓步狀語、方式狀語和伴隨狀語等，為表意更明確可以在其前面加上相應的連詞，如if，unless，although等。

拓展<<<部分過去分詞已經(jīng)形容詞化，作狀語時不表示“被動關系”，其前不用being。這樣的過去分詞及短語常見的有l(wèi)ostin(陷入某種狀態(tài))、seated(坐著的)、hidden(躲著)、lost/absorbed(沉溺于)、dressedin(穿著)、tiredof/boredwith(厭煩了)、used/accustomedto(習慣于)等。

Lost/Absorbedindeepthought，shedidn’thearthesound.由于陷入沉思，所以她沒有聽到那個聲音。Dressedinanewdress，shelooksverybeautifulandelegant.穿著一件新衣服，她看上去很漂亮，很優(yōu)雅。三、過去分詞(短語)作表語與被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別Thecupisbroken.杯子碎了。(系表結(jié)構)ThecupwasbrokenbyTom.杯子是被湯姆打碎的。(被動語態(tài))總結(jié)：過去分詞(短語)作表語時，強調(diào)主語所處的狀態(tài)，而謂語動詞的被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者，強調(diào)動作。Ⅰ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換1.Becausehewasgreatlytouchedbyhisteacher’swords，hedidlotsofthingstohelphisclassmates.(過去分詞作狀語)→

，hedidlotsofthingstohelphisclassmates.2.Turneddownmanytimes，themandidn’tloseheart.(讓步狀語從句)→

，themandidn’tloseheart.達標檢測Greatlytouchedbyhisteacher’swordsAlthough/Though/Whilehewasturneddownmanytimes3.WhenIlookedoutofthewindow，Isawsomestudentsplayingthere.(動詞-ing形式作狀語)→

，Isawsomestudentsplayingthere.4.IfImakemoreefforts，IwillmakemuchmoreprogressinEnglish.(動詞-ing形式作狀語)→

，IwillmakemuchmoreprogressinEnglish.LookingoutofthewindowMakingmoreeffortsⅡ.完成句子1._______________________________________________________________________，Iamwritingtoinformyouofthearrangementofournextlesson.得知你在漢語學習方面取得了一些進步，我很高興。我寫信告訴你我們下節(jié)課的安排。2.Tomwasalittlenervous，