高中英語學問點精講系列四一、語言學問點：1.prepare+sthprepare+sthforsthprepare+forsthprepare+todosthbepreparedforbepreparedtodosthmakepreparationsfor2.Theytiedforfirstplaceinthegame.Wetiedwiththevisitingteaminthebasketballmatch.Thedogistiedtoatree.3.affectvt.影響effectn.效果，作用haveagood/badeffectonineffect事實上causeandeffect因果takeeffect生效，起作用comeintoeffect生效，實行effortn.努力withouteffort毫不費勁makeeveryeffort盡一切努力sparenoeffort不遺余力3.weighvt.稱…的重量vi.重達…，重量為…putonweightloseweightbyweightinmeters/pounds/caloriesbytheday/theweek/theyard/thedozen/theton4.competein…參與…競賽compete+with/against…與…競賽/競爭compete+for…角逐…，為獲得…而競賽5.Wherethereisariver,thereisacity.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Wherethereislife,thereishope.6.dosthwouldrather+(not)dosthwouldrather+dosththandosth=woulddosthratherthandosth=prefertodosthratherthandosthwouldrather+that-clause+did─表如今或將來wouldrather+that-clause+haddone─表過去7.dodamagetosthliveone'sdreaminruins/inpiecesunderattack/discussion/construction/consideration/treatment8.almost:差距比nearly小。可與never,no,noone,none,nobody,nothing,nowhere等否認詞連用，但不能與not連用。nearly:不行與上述否認詞連用，但可與not連用，構成Not…nearly,意為"遠非…，遠不及…"二、語法專題──形容詞與副詞的考點1.形容詞與副詞的辨析：一般無規律可循，只能在于平常時多積累。我們應留意這幾點：(1)分清形容詞與副詞各自的語法功能，即形容詞常用作定語，而副詞常用作狀語；(2)駕馭詳細的形容詞、副詞的根本含義與語法功能。如therefore意為"所以"，在句中起關聯作用。(3)有些副詞有兩種形式，其中一種形式與形容詞一樣，另一種形式是在形容詞后加-ly，意義不太一樣，應加以辨別。常見的有：close接近──closely細致地，親密地；high高──highly高度地；free免費──freely自由地，自如地；late晚，遲──lately近來；deep深──deeply深入地，深化地；near鄰近──nearly幾乎；hard努力地──hardly幾乎不；most最──mostly主要地；wide寬敞──widely廣泛地；easy沉著地──easily簡單地(4)有些副詞與形容詞的詞形完全一樣。換言之，有些詞同時兼有形容詞與副詞兩種詞性。常見的有：early,straight,slow,enough,fast,hard,long,firm等。2.形容詞與副詞的詞序：(1)enough用作形容詞修飾名詞時，可前可后；用作副詞修飾形容詞或副詞時，只能位于之后。例：enoughtime/timeenough;strongenough。(2)形容詞修飾復合不定代詞時要后置，somethingimportant。(3)as,how,so,too修飾單數名詞時，其詞序為：as/how/so/too+adj.+a/an+n.，toolargearoom;howinterestingafilm;MikeisascleveraboyasTom。(4)such修飾單數名詞時，其詞序為：such+a/an+adj.+n.，suchalargeroom;但名詞前是one,some,many,all,no等修飾時，其詞序為：one/some/many/all/no+such+adj.+n.。(5)多個形容詞作定語時的詞序為：縣官行令宴國才──限定詞＋描繪性形容詞＋大小、長短、凹凸等形容詞＋新舊＋顏色＋國家、地區＋材料＋用處＋被修飾名詞。限定詞包括：前位限定詞，如：倍數詞、分數詞及all,both,half,double等；中位限定詞，如：冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、全部格及some,any,no,every,each,either,neither,enough,much,whose等；后位限定詞，如：基數詞，序數詞及little(表示少)，few,last,next,other,another,more,less,most,several,least,plentyof等不定量代詞；限定詞的排列依次：前位＋中位＋后位＋中心詞。(6)倍數的表示法：AisntimesbiggerthanB.AisntimesasbigasAisntimesthesizeofJohnhasfivetimesasmanybooksasI(do).3.形容詞與副詞的比擬等級：(1)當A>B時，比擬級＋than(2)當A>B，且B包含A時Heisolderthananyoftheotherboys(=anyotherboy)inhisclass.當A>B，但B不包含A時Heisricherthananyofthepeoplehere.I'mtallerthananystudentofyourclass.(3)比擬級＋and＋比擬級：表示自身的改變The＋比擬級，the＋比擬級：表示隨之改變。(4)"否認詞＋謂語＋比擬級"相當于最高級I'veneverseenanicerbirdthanthisone.Howbeautifullyshesings!Ihaveneverheardabettervoice.(5)常見的無比擬級、最高級的形容詞與副詞有：cpmparative(ly),relative(ly),particular(ly),special(ly),excellent(ly),extreme(ly),perfect(ly),complete(ly)等。(6)more+原級+than:與其說…不如說…。(7)可以修飾比擬級的副詞有：any,even,far,much,rather,still,yet,abit,alittle,alot,byfar,但不行加very,many,more,fairly,quite(但quitebetter除外)。4.形容詞與副詞的成分區分：(1)不能作定語的形容詞(大多數以a開頭)：afraid,alike,alive,alone,ashamed,asleep,awake,ill,well,若要作定語，則分別改用frightened,similar,living,lone,shy,sleeping,waking,sick,healthy;有時這些形容詞也可以作定語，但一般作后置定語。(2)作狀語一般用副詞，但有時形容詞可作伴隨狀語。Hehurriedhome,fulloffear./Allmenallcreatedequal.三、題型歸納──語境、語境＋語法型單項填空在題干上附加一些語言信息，將詞法、句法等學問融入到語境之中，使試題語境化，其特點是：假如單獨看空白與選項，各個選項都是正確的。然而，將題干與選項聯絡起來考慮，就只有一個最佳選項。常見的題型有：(1)對話語境；運用對話語境命題是高考的一種趨勢，應當正確理解對話雙方的語氣、時態、語態，從而確定正確的選項；(2)句中的語境：有些試題選項中的一個或幾個似乎都適用這個問題，但是，依據句子的語境的意義，就可推斷出只有一個是最佳答案；(3)動詞的時態與語態，情態動詞及語氣，形容詞與副詞的級。1.----WhyTom,yourshirtissodirty----Mom,I____mystoreroomdownstairs.A.cleanedB.havecleanedC.wascleaningD.havebeencleaning2.----IthinkGorgedoesn'treallycareforTVplays.----Right,____hestillwatchestheprogram.A.andB.butC.orD.so3.Ifyoucan'tcometomorrow,we'll____havetoholdthemeetingnextweek.A.yetB.evenC.ratherD.just4.I'mgoingtoBeijingtomorrow.Doyouhaveanything____toyourbrotherthereA.totakeB.tobetakenC.takenD.take5.Wearesureeverythinghere____bythetimeyoucomebackfromabroadinafewyears.A.hadchangedB.willhavechangedC.hadbeenchangedD.willhavebeenchanged6.Hello,you____323-65668.I'msorrybutI'munabletoansweryourcallrightnow.A.reachedB.arereachingC.havereachedD.hadreached7.Themeetingisnotover,andyou____notleave.A.willB.shallC.mayD.need8.HadIlearntEnglishwell,I____theinterviewforthejobtomorrow.A.wouldtakeB.wouldhavetakenC.shalltakeD.couldbetaken9.Bobis____honestboy,andhewon'ttelllies.A.mostB.themostC.amostD.verymuch10.Withthedoctor'streatment,Sallyfeels____betternow.A.veryB.fairlyC.soD.quite11.Thoughtheshipsunk,allthepeopleonher____berescued.A.couldB.shouldC.hadtoD.wereableto12.Wewillallappreciate____youcancometojoinusindevelopingmyhometown.A.thatifB.itifC.itthatD.thatwhen13.____he