第一部分選擇題

I.Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatements

carefully.Decide

whichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthe

statementandputthe

letterA,B,CorDinthebrackets.(2%x10=20%)

1、Asmodernlinguisticsaimstodescribeandanalyzethe

languagepeopleactuallyuse,andnottolaydownrulesfor

"correct"linguisticbehavior,

itissaidtobe.

A、prescriptive

B、sociolinguistic

C、descriptive

D、psycholinguistic

2、Ofallthespeechorgans,theis/arethemostflexible.

A、mouth

B、lips

C、tongue

D、vocalcords

3、Themorpheme"vision"inthecommonword"television"

isa(n).

A、boundmorpheme

B、boundform

C、inflectionalmorpheme

D、freemorpheme

4、Aintheembeddedclausereferstotheintroductory

wordthat

introducestheembeddedclause.

A、coordinator

B、particle

C、preposition

D、subordinator主從連詞

5、"CanIborrowyourbike?""Youhaveabike."

A、issynonymouswith

B、isinconsistentwith

C、entails

D、presupposes

6、Thebranchoflinguisticsthatstudieshowcontext

influencesthewayspeakersinterpretsentencesiscalled

A、semantics

B、pragmatics

C、sociolinguistics

D、psycholinguistics

7、Grammaticalchangesmaybeexplained,inpart,as

analogicchanges,whichareorgeneralization泛化.

A、elaboration

B、simpHfication精簡

C、externalborrowing

D、internalborrowing

8、referstoamarginallanguageoffewlexicalitems

andstraightforwardgrammaticalrules,usedasamedium

ofcommunication.

A、Linguafranca通用語

B、Creole

C、Pidgin

D、Standardlanguage標準語言

9、Psychologists,neurologistsandlinguistshave

concludedthat,inadditiontothemotorareawhichis

responsibleforphysicalarticulationofutterances,three

areasoftheleftbrainarevitaltolanguage,namely,.

A、Broca'sarea,Wernicke'sareaandtheangulargyrus

角回

B、Broca'sarea,Wernicke'sareaandcerebralcortex

C、Broca'sarea,Wernicke'sareaandneurons

D、Broca'sarea,Wernicke'sareaandExner'sarea

10、AccordingtoKrashen,referstothegradualand

subconciousdevelopmentofabilityinthefirstlanguageby

usingitnaturallyindailycommunicativesituations.

A、learning

B、competence

C、performance

D、acquisition

第二部分非選擇題

II.Directions:Fillintheblankineachofthefollowing

statementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichis

alreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinOne

wordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethe

lettergiven.(1%x10=10%)

11>Chomskydefines"competence"astheidealuser's

koftherulesofhislanguage.

12、Thefoursounds/p/,/b/,/m/and/w/haveonefeaturein

common,i.e,theyareallb

13、Misabranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternal

structureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.

14、Asisastructurallyindependentunitthatusually

comprisesanumberofwordstoformacompletestatement,

questionorcommand.

15、Synonymsthataremutuallysubstitutableunder

allcircumstancesarecalledcsynonyms.

16、Theillocutionarypointofristocommitthespeakerto

something'sbeingthecase,tothetruthofwhathasbeen

said.

17、Wordsarecreatedoutrighttofitsomepurpose.Sucha

methodofenlargingthevocabularyisknownaswordc.

18、Whereverthestandardlanguagecanuseacontraction

(he+is-*he's),BlackEnglishcandtheformof"be".

19、Thebasicessentialsofthefirstlanguageareacquired

intheshortperiodfromaboutagetwotopuberty,whichis

calledthecperiodforfirstlanguageacquisition.

20、Asatypeoflinguisticsystemin12learning,iisa

productofL2training,mothertongueintereference,

overgeneralizationofthetargetlanguagerules,and

learningandcommunicativestrategiesofthelearner.

III.Directions:Judgewhethereachofthefollowing

statementsistrueor

false.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebracketsin

frontofeach

statement.Ifyouthinkastatementisfalse,youmust

explainwhyyou

thinksoandgivethecorrectversion.(2%x10=20%)

()21、Inmodernlinguisticstudies,thewrittenformof

languageisgivenmoreemphasisthanthespokenformfor

anumberofreasons.

()22、Voicingisaphonologicalfeaturethatdistinguishes

meaninginboth

ChineseandEnglish.

()23、Thecompoundword"bookstore"istheplacewhere

booksaresold.This

indicatesthatthemeaningofacompoundisthesumtotal

ofthemeanings

ofitscomponents.

()24、Syntacticcategoriesrefertosentences(S)and

clauses(C)only.

()25、Dialectalsynonymscanoftenbefoundindifferent

regionaldialects

suchasBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishbutcannot

befoundwithin

thevarietyitself,forexample,withinBritishEnglishor

American

English.

()26、OnlywhenamaximunderCooperativePrincipleis

blatantlyviolated

andthehearerknowsthatitisbeingviolateddo

conversational

implicaturesarise.

()27、TheterritoryinwhichtheIndo-Europeanlanguages

aremainlyspoken

todayalsoincludeslanguagesthatarenotIndo-European.

()28、Inmostbilingualcommunities,twolanguageshave

thesameinspeech

situationsknownasdomains.

()29>AccordingtothestrongversionoftheSapir-Whorf

hypothesis,

speakers'perceptionsdeterminelanguageandpattern

theirwayoflife.

()30>Allnormalchildrenhaveequalabilitytoacquiretheir

first

language.

IV.Directions:Explainthefollowingterms,usingone

ortwoexamplesfor

illustration.(3%x10=30%)

31、duality

32、diachroniclinguistics

33、broadtranscription

34、morphologicalrules

35、phrasestructurerule

36、relationalopposites

37、componentialanalysis

38、context

39、euphemism

40、brainlateralization

V.Answerthefollowingquestions.(10%x2=20%)

41、Explainhowtheinventoryofsoundscanchange,

givingsomeexamplesin

Englishforillustration.

42、Brieflydiscusstheindividualfactorswhichaffectthe

acquisitionof

asecondlanguage.

英語語言學試題(2)

一、單項選擇題(在每小題的四個備選答案中，選出一個正確

答案，并將正確答案的序號填在題干的括號內。每小題2分,

共20分)

I.Thepairofwords“lencTandl<borrow"are.()

A.gradableoppositesB.relationalopposites

C.co-hyponymsD.synonyms

2.ThediscoveryofIndo-Europeanlanguagefamilybegan

withtheworkoftheBritishscholar.()

A.JacobGrimmB.RasmusRask

C.FranzBoppD.SirWilliamJones

3.Alinguistregardsthechangesinlanguageandlanguage

useas_.()

A.unusualB.somethingtobefeared

C.abnormalD.natural

4._producefastandfluentspeechwithgoodintonation

andpronunciationbutthecontentoftheirspeechranges

frommildlyinappropriatetocompletenonsense,oftenas

unintelligible.()

A.Broca'saphasicB.Thelinguisticdeprivation

C.ThedamageontheangulargyrusD.Wernicke's

aphasic

5.SomeSouthernlearnersofEnglishinChinatendtosay

"night"as"lighf.Thisshows:.()

A.Theycannotpronounce/n/

B.Interlangueinterferencebecausethereisnotthesound

/n/intheirmothertongue

C.Theteachersdonothaveagoodteachingmethod

D.Theydonotliketopronouncenasalsounds

6.Awordwithseveralmeaningsiscalled_word.()

A.apolysemousB.asynonymousC.an

abnormalD.amultiple

7.Thefunctionofthesentence“Aniceday,isn'tit?"is

A.informativeB.phaticC.directiveD.performativ

8.ThemostrecognizabledifferencesbetweenAmerican

EnglishandBritishEnglisharein_andvocabulary.(

A.usageB.grammarC.pronunciationD.

structure

9._dealswiththewayinwhichalanguagevariesthrough

geographicalspace.()

A.LinguisticgeographyB.Lexicology

C.Lexicography0.Sociolinguistics

10.Thesemanticcomponentsoftheword"gentleman"can

beexpressedas_.()

A.+animate,+male,+human,-adult

B.+animate,+male,+human,+adult

C.+animate,-male,+human,-adult

D.+animate,-male,+human,+adult

二、填空題（每空1分，共10分）

11.Asentenceisastructurallyindependentunitthat

usuallycomprisesanumberofwtoforma

completestatement.qorcommand.

12.Insociolinguisticstudies,speakersaretreatedas

membersofs_g.

13.Utteranceisbasedon;itisthe

realizationoftheabstractmeaningofasentenceinareal

situationofcommunication,orsimplyinacontext.

14.Tomanypeople,alinguististhesameasa

,onewhocanspeakseverallanguagesfluently.

15.Consonantsoundscanbeeithervor

v_,whileallvowelsoundsarev.

三、判斷說明題（判斷下列各小題，正確的在題后括號內寫

“T”，錯的寫“F”，并說明理由。每小題2分，共20分）

16.AIIwordsmaybesaidtocontainaroot

morpheme.()

17.Tenseandreferencearetwotermsoftenencountered

inthestudyofmeaning.()

18.Linguisticsisthecourseoflanguage.()

19.Thepartofasentencewhichcompriesecomprisesan

infiniteverboraverbphraseisgrammaticallycalled

predicate^)

20.Historicallinguisticsequalstothestudyofsynchronic

study.()

21.Thetermdialect,asatechnicaltermin

linguistics,carriesvaluejudgementandnotsimplyrefersto

adistinctformoflanguage.()

22.Morphologyistranslatedas形態學。()

23.Theword“photographically”ismadeupof4

morphemes.()

24.Thesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguageis

allomorph.()

25.Semanticsisthemainpartoflinguistics^

四、名詞解釋(每小題3分，共30分)

26.generallinguistics

27.suprasegmentalfeatures

28.rootandstem

29.hierarchicalstructure

30.namingtheoryandconceptualistview

31.maximsofqualityandmanner

32.blending

33.sociolect

34.subvocalspeech

35.contrastiveanalysis

五、論述題（每小題10分，共20分）

36.Paraphraseeachofthefollowingsentencesintwo

differentwaystoshowthesyntacticrulesaccountforthe

ambiguityofsentences.

(1)Theshootingofthehuntersmightbeterrible.

(2)Hesawyoungmenandwomenpresent.

(3)Theyweresurprisedatthepresident'sappointment.

37.Decidethemeaningofthefollowingaffixesandgive

eachaffixtwoexamples.

re-

un-

anti-

super-

-wise

-itis

-ize

-age

英語語言學試題(3)

第一部分選擇題

I.Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatements

carefully.Decidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbest

completesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorD

inthebrackets.(2%x10=20%)

I.Thefactthatdifferentlanguageshavedifferentwordsfor

thesameobjectisgoodproofthathumanlanguageis

A.arbitraryB.non-arbitrary

C.logicalD.non-productive

2.AllthebackvowelsinEnglisharepronouncedwith

rounded-lips,i.e.rounded,EXCEPT.

A.a；B.u：

C.oiD.u

3.Thelevelofsyntacticrepresentationthatexistsbefore

movementtakesplaceiscommonlytermedthe.

A.phrasestructureB.surfacestructure

C.syntacticstructureD.deepstructure

4.Thetheoryofaccountsforthefactthatnoun

phrasesappearonlyinsubjectandobjectpositions.

A.CaseConditionB.AdjacentCondition

C.parameter0.Adjacentparameters

5.Thephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeanings

havethesameformiscalled.

A.polysemyB.hyponymy

C.antonymyD.homonymy

6.Theutterance"We'realreadyworking25hoursa

day,eightdaysaweek."obviouslyviolatesthemaximof

A.qualityB.quantityC.relation

0.manner

7.lnfirstlanguageacquisitionchildrenusually

grammaticalrulesfromthelinguisticinformationtheyhear.

A.useB.accept

C.generalizeD.reconstruct

8.Standardizationknownasisnecessaryinorder

tofacilitatecommunications.

A.languageinterpretationB.language

identification

C.languagechoice0.languageplanning

9.Whichofthefollowingchoicesisnotthekeybiological

basisforhumanlanguageacquisition?

A.CerebralcortexB.Neurons

C.EyesD.Angulargyrus

10.Basicallyallthefollowingcategoriesexceptare

alwaysmissinginthechildren'stelegraphicspeechstage.

A.thecopulaverb"be"B.inflectional

morphemes

C.functionwordsD.contentwords

第二部分非選擇題

II.Directions:Fillintheblankineachofthefollowing

statementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichis

alreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONE

wordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangetheletter

given.(1%x10=10%)

11.Languageexistsintimeandchangesthroughtime.The

descriptionofalanguageatsomepointoftimeiscalleda

_sstudyoflanguage.

12.Anessentialdifferencebetweenconsonantsand

vowelsiswhethertheaircomingupfromthelungsmeets

withany_owhenasoundisproduced.

13.Themorphemesthatcannotbeusedbythemselves,

butmustbecombinedwithothermorphemestoform

wordsarecalled_bmorphemes.

14.XPmaycontainmorethanjustX.Forexample,theNP

"theboywholikeshispuppy"consistsofDet,NandS,with

Detbeingthe_s,NtheheadandSthe

complement.

15.AccordingtoSearle'sclassificationofillocutionary

acts,"tosuggestthatsomeoneshouldseethedoctor"

shouldfallintothecategoryof_d.

16.Hyponymyistherelationshipwhichobtainsbetween

specificandgenerallexicalitems.Thewordthatismore

generalinmeaningiscalled_s.

17.Vowelscanbenasalized.Thevowelnasalizationruleis

an_arule,which,forthemostpart,iscausedby

articulatoryorphysiologicalprocessinwhichsuccessive

soundsaremadeidentical,ormoresimilar,tooneanother.

18.0nemarkofaninformalstyleisthefrequent

occurrenceof_swordsandexpressions,which

makesenseonlytothepeopleofparticularsocialgroups

andserveasamarkofmembershipandsolidaritywithina

givensocialgroup.

19.Thebrainisdividedintotworoughlysymmetricalhalves,

called_h,oneontherightandoneontheleft.

20.Linguistsoftenusethetermnativelanguageormother

tongueinsteadoffirstlanguage,and_tlanguage

insteadofsecondlanguageinsecondlanguage

acquisitionliterature.

III.Directions:Judgewhethereachofthefollowing

statementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFfor

falseinthebracketsinfrontofeachstatement.Ifyou

thinkastatementisfalse,youmustexplainwhyyou

thinksoandgivethecorrectversion.(2%x10=20%)

21.()Humancapacityforlanguagehasagenetic

basis,i.e.weareallbornwiththeabilitytoacquire

languageandthedetailsofalanguagesystemare

geneticallytransmitted.

22.()Ageneraldifferencebetweenphoneticsand

phonologyisthatphoneticsisfocusedontheproductionof

speechsoundswhilephonologyismoreconcernedwith

howspeechsoundsdistinguishmeaning.

23.()Onlywordsofthesamepartsofspeechcanbe

combinedtoformcompounds.

24.()Sentencesarenotformedbyrandomlycombining

lexicalitems,butbyfollowingasetofsyntacticrulesthat

arrangelinguisticelementsinaparticularorder.

25.()Thesamesemanticfeatureoccursinonepartof

speechonly.Forexample,"female"occursonlyinnouns

suchas"mother","woman""girl""tigress"andsoonbut

notinotherpartsofspeech.

26.()AccordingtoSearle'sclassificationofillocutionary

acts,inviting,ordering,advising,promisingandapologizing

allfallintothecategoryofdirectives.

27.()Newwordsmaybeformedfromexistingwordsby

subtractinganaffixthoughttobepartoftheoldword;that

is,ignorancesometimescanbecreative.Thus"peddle"

wasderivedfrom"peddler"onthemistakenassumption

thatthe"-er"wastheagentivesuffix.

28.()WomeninWesterncountriesatleastappeartobe

morestatus-consciousandsensitivetothesocial

significanceofcertainlinguisticvariables.

29.()ThecaseofGenieconfirmsthatthelanguage

facultyofanaveragehumandegeneratesafterthecritical

periodandconsequently,mostlinguisticsk川scannot

develop.

30.()Consciousknowledgeoflinguisticrulesdoes

ensureacquisitionoftherulesandthereforeanimmediate

guidanceforactualperformance.

IV.Directions:Explainthefollowingterms,usingone

ortwoexamplesforillustration.

(3%x10=30%)

31.narrowtranscription

32.stem

33.derivationalaffixes

34.grammaticalrelation

35.predication

36.semanticnarrowing

37.nonstandardlanguages

38.linguistictaboo

39.angulargyrus

40.interlanguage

V.Answerthefollowingquestions.(10%x2=20%)

41.Explainwithexamplesthethreenotionsofphone,

phonemeandallophone,andalsohowtheyarerelated.

英語語言學試題(5)

一、單項選擇題(在每小題的四個備選答案中，選出一個正確

答案，并將正確答案的序號填在題干的括號內。每小題2分,

共20分)

I.Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtime

isa()study.

A.comparativeB.diachronic

C.up-to-dateD.descriptive

2.Ofthethreebranchesofphonetics,thelongest

established,anduntilrecentlythemosthighly

developed,is()phonetics.

A.auditoryB.acoustic

C.articulatoryD.noneoftheabovethree

3.Whattheelement'-es'indicatesisthirdperson

singular,presenttense,theelement'-ed'pasttense,and

'-ing'progressiveaspect.Sincetheyarethesmallestunit

oflanguageandmeaningful,theyarealso).

A.phonemesB.morphemes

C.allophonesD.phones

4.Sinceearly1980sNoamChomskyandothergeneratvie

linguistsproposedanddevelopedatheoryofuniversal

grammarknownasthe()theory.

A.speechactB.

TG

C.principles-and-parametersD.minimalist

programme

5.Onewaytoanalyzelexicalmeaningis().

A.predicationanalysisB.stylistic

analysis

C.componentialanalysisD.proposition

analysis

6.Ofthethreespeechacts,linguistsaremostinterested

inthe()becausethiskindofspeechactisidentical

withthespeaker'sintention.

A.locutionaryactB.illocutionary

act

C.perlocutionaryactD.constativeact

7.ThediscoveryofIndo-Europeanlanguagefamilybegan

withtheworkoftheBritishscholar().

A.SirWilliamJonesB.John

Firth

C.M.A.K.HallidayD.F.D.Saussure

8.Abilingualspeakeroftenusestwolanguages

alternativelyduringaconversationwithanotherbilingual

speaker,aspeechsituationknownas().

A.discourserole-switchingB.activity

role-switching

C.socialrole-switchingD.code-switching

9.AfocalpointofSLAresearchhasbeenthenatureand

developmentofL2learners'().

A.secondlanguageB.first

language

C.foreignlanguageD.interlanguage

10.Itisestimatedthatthenumberofbasicwordsknown

byEnglish-speakingschoolchildrenofagesixisaround

().

A.7800B.6800

C.5800D.4800

二、填空題(每小題1分，共10分)

11.Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointintimeisa

sstudy.

12.Whenpitch,stressandsoundlengtharetiedtothe

sentenceratherthanthewordinisolation,theyare

collectivelyknownasi.

13.Accordingtoitspositioninthenewword,a

aredividedintotwokinds:prefixesandsuffixes.

14.Preferstothephenomenonthatthesame

wordmayhaveasetofdifferentmeanings.

15.Whetherasentenceissemanticallymeaningfulis

governedbyrulescalledsrestrictions.

16.Theumeaningofthesentencevarieswith

thecontextinwhichitisuttered.

17.Someimportantmissionsofhistoricallinguistsareto

identifyandclassifyfamiliesofrelatedlanguagesina

genealogicalfamilytree,andtoreconstructthe

p,theoriginalformofalanguagefamilythat

hasceasedtoexist.

18.Rarelanguagevarietiesappropriateforuse

inparticularspeechsituations.

19.LearnerswillsubconsciouslyusetheirL1knowledgein

learningasecondlanguage.Thisisknownaslanguage

t.

20.Arelatedissuewithintegrativemotivationhasbeenthe

extenttowhichlearnersdifferintheprocessofadaptingto

thenewcultureoftheL2community.Thisadaptation

processiscalleda.

三、判斷說明題（判斷下列各題，正確的在題干后面的括號內

填“T"，錯誤的填“F”，并說明理由。每小題2分，共20

分)

21.Modernlinguisticsismainlydiachronic.()

22.Theassimilationruleassimilatesonesoundtoanother

by"copying"afeatureofasequentialphoneme,thus

makingthetwophonessimilar.()

23.Semantically,themeaningofacompoundisoften

idiomatic,alwaysbeingthesumtotalofthemeaningsof

itscomponents.()

24.Syntacticmovementisdictatedbyrulestraditionally

calledtransformationalrules,whoseoperationmay

changethesyntacticrepresentationofasentence.()

25.Componentialanalysisisawayproposedbythe

generativesemanticiststoanalyzemeaning.()

26.Linguistsfoundthatitwouldbepossibletogivean

adequatedescriptionofmeaningevenifthecontextof

languageusewasleftunconsidered.()

27.ItisgenerallyacceptedthatthehistoryoftheEnglish

languageisdividedintotheperiodsofOld

English,MiddleEnglishandModernEnglish.()

28.Whenpeopleofacommunityspeakthesame

languagefordifferentpurposes,sociolinguisticsituations

knownasdiglossiaandbilingualismemerge.()

29.Linguisticlateralizationintermsofrighthemispheric

dominanceforlanguageisfoundtoexistinan

overwhelmingmajorityofhumanbeings.()

30.Inordertoidentifytheareasoflearningdifficulty,an

interlingualcontrastiveprocedureContrastiveAnalysis

wasdeveloped.()

四、名詞解釋(每小題3分，共30分)

31.competenceandperformance

32.minimalpair

33.morphology

34.finiteclause

35.senseandreference

36.CooperativePrinciple

37.semanticbroadening

38.languageplanning

39.thecriticalperiodhypothesis

40.instrumentalmotivationvs.integrativemotivation

五、論述題（第41、42小題各7分，第43小題6分，共20

分）

41.Underwhatconditionswilltwosoundsbeassignedto

thesamephoneme?

42.Forthefollowingsentence,drawatreediagramto

revealitsunderlyingstructure.

Thegirlatetheorange.

43.StudythepassagetakenfromShakespeare'sHAMLET

belowcarefullyandidentifyeverydifferenceinexpression

betweenElizabethanandModernEnglishthatisevident.

King:WhereisPolonius?

Hamlet:Inheaven,Sendthithertosee.

Ifyourmessengerfindhimnotthere,

seekhimi'theotherplaceyourself.

Butindeed,ifyoufindhimnotwithin

thismonth,youshallnosehimasyou

goupthestairsintothelobby.

ActIV,Sceneiii

英語語言學試題（6）

I.Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatements

carefully.Decidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbest

completesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorD

inthebrackets.(2%x10=20%)

1.Chomskyusestheterm()torefertotheactual

realizationofalanguageuser'sknowledgeoftherulesof

hislanguageinlinguisticcommunication.

A.langueB.competence

C.paroleD.performance

2.Intermsoftheplaceofarticulation,thefollowingsounds

[t][d][s][z][n]sharethefeatureof().

A.palatalB.alveolar

C.bilabialD.dental

3.TransformationalGenerativeGrammarwasintroduced

by()in1957.

A.L.BloomfieldB.F.Saussure

C.N.ChomskyD.M.A.K.Halliday

4.Naturallanguagesareviewedtovaryaccordingto)

setonUGprinciplestoparticularvalues.

A.AdjacentConditionB.parameters

C.CaseConditionD.Caserequirement

5.Synonymsareclassifiedintoseveralkinds.Thekindto

which"girT'and"lass"belongiscalled()synonyms.

A.stylisticB.dialectal

C.emotiveD.collocational

6.Theillocutionarypointof()istoexpressthe

psychologicalstatespecifiedintheutterance.

A.representativesB.commissives

C.expressivesD.declaratives

7.ModernEnglishwordsman,woman,child,eat,fight,ect.

originatefrom().

A.MiddleEnglishB.OldEnglish

C.FrenchD.NormanFrench

8.Inadiglossiccountry,thetwodiglossicformsofa

languagearegenerallytwovarietiesofthesamelanguage,

buttherearesituationsinwhichtheH-varietymayhaveno

)relationshipwiththeL-variety.

A.geneticB.social

C.directD.close

9.Manyaphasicsdonotshowtotallanguageloss.Rather,

differentaspectsoflanguageareimpaired.Aphasicsin

()arearevealword-findingdifficultiesandproblems

withsyntax.

A.Werniker'sB.visual

C.motorD.Broca's

10.()motivationoccurswhenthelearnerdesiresto

learnasecondlanguageinordertocommunicatewith

nativespeakersofthetargetlanguage.

A.InstrumentalB.Functional

C.IntegrativeD.Social

II.Directions:Fillintheblankineachofthefollowing

statementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichis

alreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONE

wordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangetheletter

given。%X10=10%)

11.Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthe

languagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobe

d.

12.Stops,fricatives,affricates,liquids,andglidesallhave

somedegreeofoandarethereforeconsonants.

13.Misthesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguage.

14.Aisthemovementofanauxiliaryverbtothe

sentence-initialposition,suchas"be”,"have","do"etc.

15.Riswhatalinguisticformreferstointhereal

world;itisamatteroftherelationshipbetweenformand

thereality.

16.InAustin'searlyspeechacttheory,cwere

statementsthateitherstateordescribe,andwerethus

verifiable.

17.Intheprocessoffirstlanguageacquisition,children

usuallyconstructtheirpersonalgrammars,andtheir

languagedevelopsinstagesuntilitathe

grammaticalrulesoftheadultlanguage.

18.Ascommunityisonegroup,allofwhose

memberssharethesamelanguageoratleastasingle

languagevariety.

19.Peoplemaycommunicatetheirfeelingsorthoughtsvia

nsignalssuchasfacialexpressions,gestures,

postures,orproxemicspace.

20.Althoughthedevelopmentofacommunicativesystem

isnotuniquetohumanbeings,thenaturalacquisitionofI

asasystemofhighlyabstractrulesand

regulationsforcreativecommunicationiswhat

distinguisheshumansfromallotheranimalspecies.

III.Directions:Judgewhethereachofthefollowing

statementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFfor

falseinthebracketsinfrontofeachstatement.Ifyou

thinkastatementisfalse,youmustexplainwhyyou

thinksoandgivethecorrectversion.(2%X10=20%)

21.()Thewritingsystemofalanguageisalwaysa

laterinventionusedtorecordspeech;thustherearestill

manylanguagesintoday'sworldthatcanonlybespoken,

butnotwritten.

22.()Insuchsoundcombinationsas/bi:p/,/geip/and

/su:p/,thevoicelessstop/p/,occurringinthefinalposition,

isunaspirated,i.e.pronouncedwiththestrongpuffofair

wi