重慶南開中學高2025級高三7月考試英語試題本試卷分第I卷和第II卷兩部分。共150分。考試用時120分鐘。第I卷（共110分）第一部分聽力（共兩節；滿分30分）第一節（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話，每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.WhatwillthespeakersdoonThursday?A.Playfootball.B.Watchamovie.C.Gohiking.2Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Placeanorder.B.Designauniform.C.Formateam.3.WhatisSally’sfavoritecity?A.Paris.B.Madrid.C.Venice.4.Wherewillthespeakersgo?A.Toacafe.B.Toadessertshop.C.Toabookstore.5.WhatrelationisMr.Gomeztotheman?A.Histeacher.B.Hisclient.C.Hisboss.第二節（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間，每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6至7題。6.Whatisthemandoing?A.Drivingacar.B.Repairingacar.C.Borrowingacar.7.Howdoesthemansoundintheend?A.Confused.B.Hesitant.C.Confident.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whatarethespeakersdiscussing?A.Ajobcandidate.B.Anewworkmate.C.Travelarrangements.9.HowdoesStevenJohnsonimpresstheman?A.Byhisworkingexperiences.B.Byhiscommunicationskills.C.Byhisinternationalbackground.10.WhenwillthespeakersmeetStevenJohnson?A.Tomorrow.B.Nextweek.C.Theweekafternext.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.WhatwillthemandoonMonday?A.Startanewposition.B.Packhisbelongings.C.Attendameeting.12.Whatisthemanbusydoingnow?AMovingtohisnewoffice.B.Checkingoffofficesupplies.C.Preparingforapromotioncampaign.13.Whatdoesthewomanoffertodo?A.Reviewanexpensereport.B.Providethemanwithsupplies.C.Arrangeacompanycelebration.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Wherewilltheeventtakeplace?A.Atacoffeeshop.B.Atamusichall.C.Atapark.15.Whydidthewomanchoosethelocation?A.It’sprivate.B.It’sfamilyfriendly.C.It’srequestedbythecharity.16.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.Organizesomeactivities.B.Contributesomemoney.C.Contactsomebands.17.Whatistheevent’spurpose?A.Toenjoysomelivemusic.B.Tohelpananimalshelter.C.Tohavesomefamilyfun.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.WhydidthespeakerlearnArabic?A.ShewantedtostudyinCairo.B.Shewasinspiredbyherteacher.C.Shebecameinterestedintheculture.19.Whatisthebiggestchallengeforthespeaker?A.Sufferingfromcultureshock.B.Findingahotelandaccommodation.C.MasteringwrittenandspokenArabic.20.Whatexcitesthespeakermost?A.Beinginvitedtoameal.B.Shoppingatalocalmarket.C.Gettingtoknowthelocals.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節；滿分50分）第一節（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）請閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該選項的標號涂黑。AHarvard’sPre-CollegeProgramforhighschoolstudentsisanintensivetwo-weeksummerprogramdesignedtogiveyouaglimpseofcollegelife.YouwillliveontheHarvardcampusduringyourtwo-weeksessionwhiletakingacollege-levelcoursewithotherPre-CollegeProgramstudents.WhoCanParticipateinthePre-CollegeProgram?Harvard’sPre-CollegeProgramisdesignedformature,academicallymotivatedstudentswhoareinterestedinexploringapotentialmajororsimplyfindingoutwhatcollegeisreallylike.Youmustmeetthefollowingcriteria:Willgraduatefromhighschoolandentercollegein2025or2026.Areatleast16yearsoldbyJune22,2024,andwillnotturn19yearsoldbeforeJuly31,2024.ImportantDeadlines:EarlyApplicationandPriorityFinancialAidDeadline—January10,2024RegularApplicationandFinancialAidDeadline—February14,2024LateApplicationDeadline—April10,2024CoursesatHarvard’sPre-CollegeProgramWithalmost30coursestochoosefromineachsession,you’resuretofindatopicthatsparksyourinterestamongthecoursesofferedtoPre-CollegeProgramstudentsAttheendoftheprogram,you’llreceiveawrittenevaluationfromyourinstructor,aswellasaHarvardtranscript(成績單)withagradeofARorNM(“metallrequirements”or“requirementsnotmet”).Thisisagreatwaytoenhanceyourcollegeapplication.Pleasenote:YouneedtoattendeveryclassentirelytoreceiveapassinggradeofAR.Explorethe2024coursecatalogorbrowsecoursesbytopicbelow.Speech,WritingandLiteraturePsychology,Medicine,andPublicHealthLaw,Politics,Philosophy,andHistoryBusinessandLeadershipRace,Gender,andEthicsScience,Technology,Engineering,Arts,andMath(STEAM)WhyChooseHarvard’sPre-CollegeProgram?Harvard’sPre-CollegeProgramcombinesthehardworkofanIvyLeagueeducationwiththefunthatcomeswithlivingandstudying.Whetheryou’reengaginginmeaningfuldebateinclass,sharingyourskillsatatalentshow,orexploringtheBostonarea,you’llbecreatingmemoriesthatwilllastyoualifetime.1.WhichhighschoolstudentsarequalifiedforHarvard’sPre-CollegeProgram?A.Studentsyoungerthan16afterJune22,2024.B.Studentsolderthan19beforeJuly31,2024.C.2025graduatesapplyingafterApril10,2024.D.2026graduatesapplyingonFebruary13,2024.2.WhatdoestheHarvardtranscriptwithagradeofARindicate?A.Thestudenthasachievedthecourseobjectives.B.Thestudenthasnotmetthecourserequirements.C.Thestudenthasbeenguaranteedhiscollegeapplication.D.Thestudenthasfinishedalltheclassesforcollegegraduation.3.WhatisthemainpurposeofHarvard’sPre-CollegeProgram?A.Toofferstudentsatasteofcollegestudyandon-campuslife.B.Toensurethatstudentsreceiveapassinggradeinalltheircourses.C.Toprovidefinancialaidtothestudentswhoapplyfortheprogram.D.TogivestudentsachancetoexploreBostonandengageinsocialactivities.【答案】1.D2.A3.A【解析】【導語】這是一篇應用文。文章主要講述了哈佛大學預科的一些信息，包括申請人資格和申請日期最后期限，課程設置，以及該課程的吸引力所在。【1題詳解】細節理解題。根據文章“WhoCanParticipateinthePre-CollegeProgram?”部分內容“Youmustmeetthefollowingcriteria:Willgraduatefromhighschoolandentercollegein2025or2026.Areatleast16yearsoldbyJune22,2024,andwillnotturn19yearsoldbeforeJuly31,2024.(您必須滿足以下條件：在2025年或2026年高中畢業并進入大學。2024年6月22日前年滿16歲，2024年7月31日前未滿19歲。)”以及“ImportantDeadlines:EarlyApplicationandPriorityFinancialAidDeadline—January10,2024;RegularApplicationandFinancialAidDeadline—February14,2024;LateApplicationDeadline—April10,2024(重要截止日期：提前申請和優先財政援助截止日期——2024年1月10日；常規申請和財政援助截止日期——2024年2月14日；申請截止日期——2024年4月10日)”可知，申請者應該是2025年或2026年高中畢業生，年齡要求為2024年6月22日前年滿16歲且2024年7月31日前未滿19歲，并于2024年1月10日前進行提前申請，于2月14日前進行常規申請或于4月10日前進行申請的人。選項D“2026graduatesapplyingonFebruary13,2024.(2026年畢業生將于2024年2月13日申請。)”提到的申請者為2026年高中畢業生，結合常識可知，美國高中畢業生年齡一般在18歲到19歲之間，同時，申請時間在2月14日之前，符合以上條件。故選D項。【2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據文章“CoursesatHarvard’sPre-CollegeProgram”部分內容“Attheendoftheprogram,you’llreceiveawrittenevaluationfromyourinstructor,aswellasaHarvardtranscriptwithagradeofARorNM(“metallrequirements”or“requirementsnotmet”).Thisisagreatwaytoenhanceyourcollegeapplication.Pleasenote:YouneedtoattendeveryclassentirelytoreceiveapassinggradeofAR.(在課程結束時，您將收到導師的書面評估，以及哈佛成績單，成績為AR或NM(“滿足所有要求”或“不滿足要求”)。這是一個提高你的大學申請的好方法。請注意：你需要完全參加每節課才能獲得AR的及格分數。)”可知，得到AR成績單說明滿足了所有科目要求，即，實現了所有科目設定的目標，并在申請大學方面有所幫助。由此推知，拿到AR成績單意味著該學生已達到課程目標。故選A項。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據文章首段內容“Harvard’sPre-CollegeProgramforhighschoolstudentsisanintensivetwo-weeksummerprogramdesignedtogiveyouaglimpseofcollegelife.YouwillliveontheHarvardcampusduringyourtwo-weeksessionwhiletakingacollege-levelcoursewithotherPre-CollegeProgramstudents.(哈佛大學面向高中生的大學預科課程是一個為期兩周的強化暑期課程，旨在讓你一窺大學生活。在為期兩周的課程中，你將住在哈佛校園里，同時與其他大學預科課程的學生一起學習大學水平的課程。)”可知，哈佛大學預科課程旨在讓學生了解大學生活，住在哈佛校園里，并與其他學生一起學習大學水平的課程。由此可推知，其目的應是為學生提供大學學習和校園生活的體驗。故選A項。BNestledintheheartofamountainvillageinChina’sGuizhouprovince,thereisauniqueecologicalfamilyfarm.ItisrunbyKevinCillen,a28-year-oldBelgianwhoispassionateabouttheland.Withhisparentsandsiblings,theyhavecombinedWesternfarmingtechniqueswithlocalcountrysidepracticestocultivatean“ecologicaloasis”.Thefamily’spursuitoftheirfarmingdreaminChinabeganin2000,whenKevin’smotherHettyCillenvisitedChinaasavolunteerforthefirsttime.TheenchantinglandscapesandrichculturalheritageofGuizhoufascinatedher,causinghertomakethisforeigncountryherhome.Soonafter,hisfatherPatrickJanCillenjoinedher.In2017,thefamilyrentedaplotamidtheforesttoestablishanecologicalfarmwheretheylaidthefoundation,levelingtheland,sowingpasturesandrearinglambsandchicks.Thelocalshaveopenlyembracedtheforeigners,invitingthemtofestivitiesandcelebratingtraditionalChineseholidaystogether.In2018,YangChengkai,a34-year-oldvillager,befriendedthefamily,oftenassistingthemonthefarm.“Thecommunityhasembracedthisfamily.Eventhevendorsatthelocalmarketcontributebygivingthemvegetablescrapsforfreetofeedtheirlivestock.”Yangsays.Thefamilyfarm,hiddenwithinthedenseforest,isproofofGuizhou’secologicalprogress.Thefarmpracticesdiversifiedgrasscultivationforhigh-qualityanimalfeed,usessolarpanelsforcleanenergyandemploysrainwaterharvestingsystemsforastablewatersupply.LivinginChina,the28-year-oldBelgianhaswitnessedthecountry’sremarkablechanges.HehasalsoseizedtheopportunitiesoftheInternetandnewmediatoincreasethefarm’svisibility.PartneringwithQiuYe,asocialmediainfluencer,hehassetupaccountslike“Kevin’sfamilyinGuizhou”onvariousplatforms.BysharingtheirdailylivesonthefarmandthenaturalbeautyofruralChina,theircontenthasquicklyearnedover700,000subscribers.4.WhatmadeHettyCillendecidetosettleinGuizhou?A.Thenaturalbeauty. B.Volunteerwork.C.Aresearchproject. D.Careerprospects.5.HowdoesthefamilyfarmcontributetoecologicalprogressinGuizhou?A.Bycreatingjobsforthelocals. B.ByintroducingWesternequipment.C.Bypractisingsustainablewayoffarming. D.Byfacilitatingeco-tourismandgreenliving.6.HowhasKevinpromotedthefarm?A.Hehascreatedawebsite. B.Hehassetupsocialmediaaccounts.C.Hehasitadvertisedbylocalvillagers. D.Hehasorganizedeventsforsubscribers.7.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.BelgiansHarvestaGoodFarmLifeinGuizhouB.BelgiansGetEnchantedbytheBeautyofGuizhouC.BelgiansBecomeaSocialMediaInfluencerinChinaD.BelgiansLiveinaLocalChineseCommunity【答案】4.A5.C6.B7.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了比利時人KevinCillen和他的家人在中國貴州省的一個山村經營生態農場的故事，他們結合西方農業技術和當地鄉村實踐，創建了一個“生態綠洲”，并見證了中國的巨大變化。【4題詳解】細節理解題。根據第二段中“Thefamily’spursuitoftheirfarmingdreaminChinabeganin2000,whenKevin’smotherHettyCillenvisitedChinaasavolunteerforthefirsttime.TheenchantinglandscapesandrichculturalheritageofGuizhoufascinatedher,causinghertomakethisforeigncountryherhome.（這個家庭在中國追求他們的農業夢想始于2000年，當時Kevin的母親HettyCillen第一次作為中國志愿者來到中國。貴州迷人的風景和豐富的文化遺產讓她著迷，使她把這個外國當成了自己的家。）”可知，貴州迷人的風景和豐富的文化遺產讓HettyCillen著迷，所以她決定定居在貴州。故選A項。【5題詳解】細節理解題。根據第四段中“Thefamilyfarm,hiddenwithinthedenseforest,isproofofGuizhou’secologicalprogress.Thefarmpracticesdiversifiedgrasscultivationforhigh-qualityanimalfeed,usessolarpanelsforcleanenergyandemploysrainwaterharvestingsystemsforastablewatersupply.（隱藏在茂密森林中的家庭農場是貴州生態進步的證明。農場種植多樣化的草料以提供高質量的動物飼料，使用太陽能電池板提供清潔能源，并采用雨水收集系統以確保穩定的水源。）”可知，這個家庭農場通過實踐可持續的農業方式來促進貴州的生態進步。故選C項。【6題詳解】細節理解題。根據最后一段中“PartneringwithQiuYe,asocialmediainfluencer,hehassetupaccountslike‘Kevin’sfamilyinGuizhou’onvariousplatforms.（他與社交媒體網紅邱野合作，在各種平臺上開設了‘Kevin在貴州的家人’等賬號。）”可知，Kevin通過在各種平臺上開設賬號來推廣農場。故選B項。【7題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其結合第一段“NestledintheheartofamountainvillageinChina’sGuizhouprovince,thereisauniqueecologicalfamilyfarm.ItisrunbyKevinCillen,a28-year-oldBelgianwhoispassionateabouttheland.Withhisparentsandsiblings,theyhavecombinedWesternfarmingtechniqueswithlocalcountrysidepracticestocultivatean‘ecologicaloasis’.（坐落在中國貴州省一個山村的中心，有一個獨特的生態家庭農場。它由28歲的比利時人KevinCillen經營，他對這片土地充滿熱情。他們與父母和兄弟姐妹一起，將西方農業技術與當地農村實踐相結合，培育出一片‘生態綠洲’）”可知，本文主要講述了比利時人KevinCillen和他的家人在中國貴州省經營生態農場的故事。所以，A項“BelgiansHarvestaGoodFarmLifeinGuizhou（比利時人在貴州收獲美好的農場生活）”最適合作文章標題。故選A項。CWhenyouseesomeonetakethatfirstsipoffreshlymademilktea,theirfaceslooklikepurejoy.Acrosstheworld,customersflocktotheirfavoritespotstomeetwithfriendsandsavorsipsofthesetastydrinks.Intheearly2000s,though,milkteawasjustcomingonthescene.Thefewbrandsthatearnedafootholdintheindustrywereconcerned:Wouldmilkteajustbeanotherfad(一時風尚)food?Andwithsomuchnewexcitementforthisproduct,would,peoplebeabletodistinguishmilkteacompanies?ThesewerethequestionsthatSerenitea,aManila-basedmilk-teacompany,facedin2014.Whilesuccessfullyopening60stores,theyfoundthemselvesinastrategicfog.Unsureofwhatconsumerstrulyfelttowardsthedrink,theyofferedasmanyflavorsaspossible.Theyalsohadnocleardefinitionofhowtheyweredistinct—theirbrandpromise,productline,andproductpackagingallseemednearlyidenticaltotheircompetitors.Howcouldtheydefinethemselves,inawaythatwoulddeeplyresonate?LikeAirbnb,Sereniteapartneredwithanagency,CIABootlegManila,whichspecializesindrillingdowntothedeepconsumer“why”.Theagencyconductedaseriesofpsychological-basedmarketresearch.Specifically,theyprobedtheconsumer’sdeeper,emotionalconnectionstomilktea,includingtheirearliestchildhoodmemoriesofmilkandtea.Theirresearchrevealedthatmilkteatriggeredthreeconsistentpsychologicalresponses.Peopleconnectedtomilkthroughtheconceptofnurturing;theyfondlyrememberedtheirchildhoodandbeingcaredforbytheirmothers.Next,consumersconnectedteatoitshealingproperties;respondentswouldrecallreceivingteawhentheyhadindigestionproblemsorseeingtheirparentsdrinkingherbalteaforhealthreasons.Lastly,theyassociatedmilkteaitselfwithteenagefun:aguiltypleasureoftheiryouth.Theyhaduncoveredthethreepsychologicalcornerstonesofthemilkteaexperience:nurturing,healing,andteenagefun.Thissetofinsightswascrucial.Byincludingthemintothecoreoftheirbrandstrategy,theychartedanentirelynewpath.8.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“earnedafoothold”meaninParagraph2?A.Madeanadjustment. B.Wonaposition.C.Losttheinitiative. D.Achievedabreakthrough.9.WhatwasSerenitea’smainconcernin2014?A.Beingconfusedwithotherbrands. B.Therapidgrowthofmilkteabrands.C.Thepossibilityofmilkteacatchingon. D.Fallingbehindthechangingconsumertastes.10.WhatdidCIABootlegManilaspecializein?A.Productpackagingdesign. B.Marketexpansionstrategies.C.Analysisofcustomerpsychology. D.Flavorinnovationanddevelopment.11.Whatwasamongthefindingsoftheresearch?A.Milkteawaspopularamongteenagers.B.Customersfoundallmilkteaidentical.C.Customersassociatedmilkteawithhealth.D.Milkteabrandsignoredconsumers’feelings.【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了Serenitea這個奶茶品牌在發展過程中遇到挑戰，以及他們如何通過深入研究消費者心理，找到了品牌的獨特定位，從而開辟了一條全新的發展道路。【8題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據下文“ThesewerethequestionsthatSerenitea,aManila-basedmilk-teacompany,facedin2014.Whilesuccessfullyopening60stores,theyfoundthemselvesinastrategicfog.”（這些都是馬尼拉奶茶公司Serenitea在2014年面臨的問題。雖然成功地開了60家店，但他們發現自己陷入了戰略迷霧。）可知，馬尼拉奶茶公司Serenitea雖然已經開了60家店，在奶茶行業成功立足，但它仍然充滿擔憂。由此推知，“馬尼拉奶茶公司Serenitea”是對劃線詞所在句中“Thefewbrandsthatearnedafootholdintheindustry”的舉例說明，其意為“為數不多的在這個行業站穩腳跟的品牌”，后置定語從句“thatearnedafootholdintheindustry”中“earnedafoothold”的意思是“贏得了一席之地；站穩腳跟”，即“Wonaposition”。故選B項。【9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第二段中“Andwithsomuchnewexcitementforthisproduct,would,peoplebeabletodistinguishmilkteacompanies?ThesewerethequestionsthatSerenitea,aManila-basedmilk-teacompany,facedin2014.”（伴隨著這款產品帶來的如此多的新興奮點，人們能否區分開奶茶公司呢？這些是馬尼拉一家奶茶公司Serenitea在2014年所面臨的問題。）和第三段中“Theyalsohadnocleardefinitionofhowtheyweredistinct—theirbrandpromise,productline,andproductpackagingallseemednearlyidenticaltotheircompetitors.Howcouldtheydefinethemselves,inawaythatwoulddeeplyresonate?”（他們也不清楚自己究竟有何獨特之處——他們的品牌承諾、產品線和產品包裝似乎都與競爭對手幾乎一模一樣。他們究竟該如何界定自身，才能引起消費者的強烈共鳴呢？）可推知，Serenitea在2014年的主要擔憂是自身品牌與其他奶茶品牌沒有區分度，容易混淆。故選A項。【10題詳解】細節理解題。根據第四段中“LikeAirbnb,Sereniteapartneredwithanagency,CIABootlegManila,whichspecializesindrillingdowntothedeepconsumer‘why’.Theagencyconductedaseriesofpsychological-basedmarketresearch.Specifically,theyprobedtheconsumer’sdeeper,emotionalconnectionstomilktea,includingtheirearliestchildhoodmemoriesofmilkandtea.”（像Airbnb一樣，Serenitea與一家名為CIABootlegManila的機構合作，該機構專門研究深入探究消費者的‘為什么’。該機構進行了一系列以心理為基礎的市場調查。具體來說，他們探究了消費者與奶茶更深層次的情感聯系，包括他們童年對牛奶和茶的最早記憶。）可知，CIABootlegManila進行了一系列以心理為基礎的市場調查，專門深入探究消費者的心理。故選C項。【11題詳解】細節理解題。根據最后一段中“Next,consumersconnectedteatoitshealingproperties;respondentswouldrecallreceivingteawhentheyhadindigestionproblemsorseeingtheirparentsdrinkingherbalteaforhealthreasons.”（其次，消費者將奶茶與其治愈特性聯系起來；受訪者會回憶起當他們消化不良時收到茶，或者看到他們的父母為了健康原因喝草藥茶。）可知，研究發現消費者把奶茶與健康聯系起來。故選C項。DShadowsareoftenassociatedwithdarknessanduncertainty.Now,researchersfromtheNationalUniversityofSingapore(NUS)aregivingshadowsapositivespinbydemonstratingawaytoharnessthiscommonbutoftenoverlookedoptical(光學的)effecttogenerateelectricity.Theteamcreatedadevicecalledashadow-effectenergygenerator(SEG),whichmakesuseofthecontrastinillumination(照明)betweenlitandshadowedareastogenerateelectricity.It’smadeupofaseriesofthinstripsofgoldfilmonasiliconlayer,whichisthenplacedonaflexibleplasticbase.“Inconventionaloptoelectronics(光電子學)whereasteadysourceoflightisusedtopowerdevices,shadowsareundesirable,sincetheydegradetheperformanceofdevices.Inthiswork,wetookadvantageoftheilluminationcontrastcausedbyshadowsasanindirectsourceofpower.Thecontrastinilluminationcausesavoltage(電壓)differencebetweentheshadowandilluminatedsections,resultinginanelectriccurrent.Thisnovelconceptofharvestingenergyinthepresenceofshadowsisunprecedented.”explainedresearchteamleaderProfessorTanSweeChing.Mobileelectronicdevicessuchassmartphones,smartglassesande-watchesrequireefficientandcontinuouspowersupply.Asthesedevicesarewornbothindoorsandoutdoors,wearablepowersourcesthatcouldharnesssurroundinglightcanpotentiallyimprovethefunctionofthesedevices.Whilecommerciallyavailablesolarcellscanperformthisroleinanoutdoorenvironment,theirenergyharvestingefficiencydropssignificantlyunderindoorconditionswhereshadowsarepersistent.Thisnewapproachtomaximizingtheefficiencyofenergyharvestingisbothexcitingandtimely.“WhenthewholeSEGisunderilluminationorinshadow,theamountofelectricitygeneratedisverylowornoneatall.WhenapartoftheSEGisilluminated,asignificantelectricaloutputisdetected.WealsofoundthatthebestsurfaceareaforelectricitygenerationiswhenhalfoftheSEGisilluminatedandtheotherhalfinshadow,asthisgivesenoughareaforchargegenerationandcollectionrespectively.”saidco-teamleaderProfessorAndrewWee.TheNUSresearchersarealsolookingatdevelopingwearableSEGsattachedtoclothingtoharvestenergyduringnormaldailyactivities.Anotherpromisingareaofresearchisthedevelopmentoflow-costSEGforefficientharvestingofenergyfromindoorlighting.12.Whyareshadowsconsideredundesirableintraditionaloptoelectronics?A.Theyservenousefulpurpose. B.Theyweakendeviceperformance.C.Theyare.rareinoutdoorconditions. D.Theyaredifficulttocontrolorpredict.13.WhatdoweknowabouttheSEG?A.It’sspeciallydesignedtoworkinopenareas.B.Itwillreplaceexistingsolarcellsonceandforall.C.It’smosteffectivewhenfullypositionedinlightorinshadow.D.Itrequiresabalanceoflightandshadowtomaximizeelectricitygeneration.14.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.TheSEGisunlikelytoworkefficientlyindarkplaces.B.TheresearchersarelookingtoreducethecostoftheSEG.C.ThedevelopmentofSEGislimitedbyitshighproductioncost.D.TheresearchersaredevelopingwearableSEGsattachedtosmartphones.15.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.Aninnovativeuseofshadowstogenerateelectricity.B.Theproblemswithshadowsinconventionaloptoelectronics.C.Thechallengesofadaptingtechnologyforwearabledevices.D.Aneedforefficientpowersupplyinmobileelectronicdevices.【答案】12.B13.D14.B15.A【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了一項新的可產生電的發明，該發明利用明亮和陰影區域之間的照明對比來發電，該設備被稱為“陰影效應能量發生器”。【12題詳解】細節理解題。根據文章第三段內容“Inconventionaloptoelectronicswhereasteadysourceoflightisusedtopowerdevices,shadowsareundesirable,sincetheydegradetheperformanceofdevices.(在傳統的光電子技術中，使用穩定的光源為設備供電，陰影是不可取的，因為它們會降低設備的性能。)”可知，陰影不可取的原因在于它們會降低設備的性能。故選B項。【13題詳解】推理判斷題。根據文章第五段內容“WealsofoundthatthebestsurfaceareaforelectricitygenerationiswhenhalfoftheSEGisilluminatedandtheotherhalfinshadow,asthisgivesenoughareaforchargegenerationandcollectionrespectively.(我們還發現，發電的最佳表面積是當SEG的一半被照亮而另一半處于陰影中時，因為這分別為電荷的產生和收集提供了足夠的面積。)”可知，當SEG的一半被照亮而另一半處于陰影中時，即，光影面積平衡時，可實現最佳發電表面積。由此可推知，它需要光和影的平衡來最大限度地發電。故選D項。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據文章末尾段內容“Anotherpromisingareaofresearchisthedevelopmentoflow-costSEGforefficientharvestingofenergyfromindoorlighting.(另一個有前景的研究領域是開發低成本的SEG，以有效地從室內照明中收集能量。)”可知，開發低成本的SEG是有前景的。由此可推知，研究人員在尋求降低SEG的成本。故選B項。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。根據文章第一段“Now,researchersfromtheNationalUniversityofSingapore(NUS)aregivingshadowsapositivespinbydemonstratingawaytoharnessthiscommonbutoftenoverlookedoptical(光學的)effecttogenerateelectricity.(現在，新加坡國立大學的研究人員正在給陰影一個積極的轉變，他們展示了一種利用這種常見但常被忽視的光學效應來發電的方法。)”和文章第二段內容“Theteamcreatedadevicecalledashadow-effectenergygenerator(SEG),whichmakesuseofthecontrastinilluminationbetweenlitandshadowedareastogenerateelectricity.(該團隊創建了一種稱為陰影效應能量發生器（SEG）的設備，該設備利用明亮和陰影區域之間的照明對比來發電。)”可知，文章主要以“陰影效應能量發生器（SEG）”為話題，對其原理和應用進行了闡述。因此，選項A“Aninnovativeuseofshadowstogenerateelectricity.(一種利用陰影發電的創新方法。)”可對文章內容進行概述。故選A項。第二節（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。WhatCanWeLearnFromTheArtofWar?TheArtofWarisoneoftheworld’smostfamousandinfluentialmilitarytexts,writtenbytheChinesestrategistSunTzu.Afamousmilitarytexthasnowturnedintogeneralprinciplesforconflict.Itisrecommendedbyallthefamousbusinessleadersandevensportscoaches.___16___Wheneverthereisabattlewithinourselves,oraconflictinanorganization,TheArtofWarprovidesthenecessaryguidelinesforvictory.Wanttoknowmoreaboutthelessonsitprovides?Takealook!Chooseyourbattlescarefully.OneofthefirstlessonsthatwelearnfromTheArtofWaristochooseourbattles.Itisbettertounderstandwhenyoushouldengageinaconflictandwhenitwillbewisetoavoidanyargumentatall.___17___Planandstrategize.PlanningisthecoreofTheArtofWar.___18___Infact,itisalsoimportantineverydaylifetohaveclearsmartgoalstoincreaseyourchancesofsuccess.Inwar,thewayistoavoidwhatisstrongandtostrikeatwhatisweak.Sowhetheryouaregoingtostartabusiness,orfaceadifficulty,itisalwaysabetterideatoapproachtheseeverydayproblemswithastrategy.___19___Knowingyourselfisimportantbutitisalsoequallyimportanttoknowyourenemy.Underestimatingyourenemycanbethebiggestmistakeyoumake.Understandyourstrengthsbutalsorecognizeyourweaknesses.Thiscanhelpyoudevelopstrategiestoprotecttheweakestpartsofyourself.Knowyourselfandknowyourenemy,andyouwillremainunharmedinnumerousconflicts.Beadaptableandflexible.Youcanusepsychologicalwar,yetyouneedtobeflexibleyourself.Youneedtoreactquicklytoyourchangingcircumstancesandadapttothem.Inwarandlife,thekeytosuccessliesinadaptabilityandflexibility.___20___Seizeopportunities,andremainresponsivetothedynamicchangesoftheirenvironment.A.Assessyourenemyandyourself.B.Knowyourstrengthsandweaknesses.C.WhyisTheArtofWarsoinfluentialandhelpful?D.Hewillwinwhoknowswhentofightandwhennottofight.E.Thebestwayistoavoidwhatisstrongandtoattackwhatisweak.F.Victorybelongstothosewhocanadjusttochangingcircumstances.G.Havingawell-definedstrategybeforeanyconflictcanguideyouthroughit.【答案】16.C17.D18.G19.A20.F【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了《孫子兵法》這部著作對個人和組織沖突管理的重要性。【16題詳解】下文“Wheneverthereisabattlewithinourselves,oraconflictinanorganization,TheArtofWarprovidesthenecessaryguidelinesforvictory.(無論何時我們內心有斗爭，或者組織中有沖突，《孫子兵法》都能提供必要的勝利指南。)”提到了《孫子兵法》對我們的影響和幫助，選項C中influentialandhelpful是關鍵詞，和下文構成順承關系，所以C選項“為什么《孫子兵法》有如此大的影響力和幫助?”能引起下文，符合語境。故選C項。【17題詳解】上文“Itisbettertounderstandwhenyoushouldengageinaconflictandwhenitwillbewisetoavoidanyargumentatall.(最好明白什么時候你應該參與沖突，什么時候避免任何爭論是明智的。)”提到了選擇斗爭的時機，選項D中的兩個when是關鍵詞，與上文呼應，所以D選項“知道什么時候戰斗，什么時候不戰斗的人會贏。”能承接上文，符合語境。故選D項。【18題詳解】本段小標題“Planandstrategize.(制定計劃和策略。)”提到了計劃和策略，選項G中strategy是關鍵詞，與本段小標題呼應，所以G選項“在任何沖突之前有一個明確的策略可以指導你度過難關。”符合本段小標題內容。故選G項。【19題詳解】空格處是小標題的位置，下文“Knowingyourselfisimportantbutitisalsoequallyimportanttoknowyourenemy.(了解你自己很重要，但了解你的敵人也同樣重要。)”提到了要了解自己和敵人，所以A選項“評估你的敵人和你自己。”能概括下文內容，符合語境。故選A項。【20題詳解】上文“Youneedtoreactquicklytoyourchangingcircumstancesandadapttothem.Inwarandlife,thekeytosuccessliesinadaptabilityandflexibility.(你需要對不斷變化的環境做出快速反應并適應它們。在戰爭和生活中，成功的關鍵在于適應性和靈活性。)”提到了適應性和靈活性，選項F中adjustto是關鍵詞，與上文呼應，所以F選項“勝利屬于那些能夠適應不斷變化的環境的人。”能承接上文內容，符合語境。故選F。第三部分語言運用（共兩節，滿分30分）第一節（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳答案。Inmylastyearofhighschool,Iwasundergreatpressure.MyfriendsandIwere___21___tocollege,writingessaysansweringthequestion,“Whatmakesyoudifferent?”Withoutdoubt,weallknewtheanswer.Inaculturewhereall___22___tobeacheerleaderbutonlyafewcould,itwasthemomentwhenweputontheuniformthatmadeus___23___.AsIlistedallmy___24___intheessay,Irealizednonemeantmorethanbeingacheerleader.Atseventeen,Iwas___25___thatthecollegeadmissionsdepartmentsfeltalike.Mytension___26___withthetryouts(選拔)approaching.Luckily,Ihadmyfamilies’___27___,especiallyMolly,myyoungersister,whostartedthesamehighschoolthatyear.Not___28___enough,Mollyalwaysfearedtheunknown.Butwithmyexperiencesand___29___,shegraduallyadjustedtoandeve