ReadtheshortlifestoryofJosephPulitzeronpage6toknowmoreabouthim.Whostartedthefirstschoolofjournalism?Lead

inExploringtherulesHemovedtoAmericaandbecameanAmericancitizen.HeofferedColumbiaUniversitymoneytostartaschoolofjournalism.TheColumbiaSchoolofJournalismwasestablished.JosephPulitzerwasborn.Hebecameapublisher.PulitzerboughttheNewYorkWorld.Pulitzerdied.ThefirstPulitzerPrizeswereawarded.10April,18471878188318921917PulitzerfoundedStLouisPost-Dispatch.The1860s187219111912ReadthelifestoryonPage6,andfinishthetimeline.…bythenhehadlearntverylittleEnglish.hehadbecomeapublisher.HeusedthesamebusinessstrategyhehademployedattheStLouisPost-Dispatch...1.HeregularlyvisitedthelibraryandstudiedEnglishandlaw-bythenhehadlearntverylittleEnglish.2....bytheageof25,hehadbecomeapublisher.3.HeusedthesamebusinessstrategyhehademployedattheSt

LouisPost-Dispatch…beforehadWorkingouttherulesWeoftenusethepastperfecttensetotalkaboutsomethingthathappened________(before/after)apasttime.Theverbformofthepastperfecttenseis________(hane/haddone)

nowpastpastperfectPastperfecttense：過去完成時過去完成時主要用來表示在過去之前發生的事或做的動作，即過去的過去，通常與一般過去時連用。①ShehadlearnedsomeEnglishbeforeshecametotheinstitute.她在來學院前已學過一些英語。②Hesaidthathehadbeenabroadfor3years.他說他在國外待了3年了。肯定式為__________________；否定式為__________________；被動式為__________________。①She

said

she

had

never

been

to

Paris.

她說她從未去過巴黎。②TheworkhadbeenfinishedbyusbeforelastFriday.

我們在上星期五前就完成了這項工作。haddonehadnotdonehadbeendone過去完成時的基本結構過去完成時的基本用法1.表示在過去的某一時間或某一動作之前完成的動作或存在的狀態。①Beforewegottothetrainstation,thetrainhadalreadyleft.

我們到達火車站之前，火車就已經離開了。②BeforeIcouldsay“thankyou”,hehadrunaway.

我還沒來得及說“謝謝”，他就跑開了。2.表示從過去某一時間開始，一直延續到過去的另一個時間的動作，常用的時間狀語有bythen,bytheendof,bythetime。①Bytheendoflastterm,wehadlearnt2,000Englishwords.

到上學期期末為止，我們已經學習了2,000個英語單詞了。②Theyhadlivedtherefortenyearsbythen.

到那時為止，他們已經在那住了10年了。3.表示愿望、打算等的動詞，如hope,want,expect,think,mean,suppose,intend,plan等后接從句時，一般用過去完成時表示本打算實現而未實現的愿望和計劃。①Ihadintendedtomeethimattheairport,butIhadanimportantmeetingtoattend.

我本打算去機場接他，但是我有個重要的會議要參加。②IhadhopedtotakeaholidaythisyearbutIwasnotabletogetaway.

我原打算今年去度假，可是我走不開。(1)

It/Thatwas+thefirst/second…+time+that從句，從句謂語常用過去完成時。ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadvisitedtheGreatWall.這是我第一次參觀長城。(2)Itwas+一段時間+since從句，從句謂語用過去完成時。Itwasthreeyearssincehehadjoinedthearmy.他參軍三年了。過去完成時用于一些固定句型(3)在句型Hardly/Scarcely…when…和Nosooner…than…中，主句常用過去完成時,從句用一般過去時，表示“一……就……”。①

Hardlyhadhegotintohisbigofficewhen

thetelephonerang.

他剛進入他的大辦公室,電話鈴就響了。

②

Nosoonerhadhearrivedthan

hewasaskedtoleaveagain.

他剛到就再次被要求離開。①

John(had)left

beforeIcamehome.

約翰在我回家之前就走了。②Hebegantowriteareviewafterhe(had)watchedthefilmtwice.

這部電影他看了兩遍后就開始寫評論。由于after和before本身就能明確地表示時間的先后關系，若主從句表示的動作緊密相連，則主從句均使用一般過去時。如果時間狀語由before

引導，從句用一般過去時；如果時間狀語由after引導，after引導的從句用過去完成時。1.定義:過去完成時主要用來表示在過去之前發生的事或做的動作，即過去的過去，通常與一般過去時連用。2.結構:肯定：

否定：

3.用于過去完成時的時間狀語:bythen,bytheendof,bythetime等。4.表示愿望、打算等的動詞，如hope,want等后接從句時,表示本打算實現而未實現的愿望和計劃。5.常用固定句型①It/Thatwas+thefirst/second…+time+that從句②Itwas+一段時間+since從句③Hardly/Scarcely…when…④Nosooner…than…haddone/hadbeendonehadnotdone/hadnotbeendoneAFillintheblankswithproperandcorrectformsoftheverbs.1.Bythetime,Tom_____________(found)hisownbusiness.2.Mybrotherisanactor.He

_____________(appear)inseveralfilmssofar.3.Thetrain__________(leave)beforeIgottothestation.4.I______________(learn)EnglishforsevenyearswhenIgraduatedfromhighschool.5.Shesaidshe_________(see)theheadmasteralready.hadfoundedhadlefthadlearnedhasappearedhadseenApplyingtherules1.PulitzerknewthathehadlearntverylittleEnglish,sohehadstartedtoworkhardatthelanguage.2.Pulitzerwasveryhard-working.Quiteoften,whenhearrivedhomeatmidnight,hewasworkingforover10hours.3.Forthetimehewas25,Pulitzerhadbecomeasuccessfuljournalistandpublisher.4.Manyofthebestreportershaveworkedforhispaperbeforeitsfailurein1931.Circlethemistakesandcorrect