2011年職稱英語一綜合類一完型填空

綜合類…B級

SportorSpectacle?

MuhammadAliisprobablythemostfamoussportsfigureonearth:he

isrecognizedoneverycontinentandbyallgenerations.Thediagnosisof

hisillness_1_Parkinson'sdiseaseafterhisretirementfuelledthedebate

aboutthedangersofboxingandcriticism_2_thesport.That,plushis

outspokenopposition_3_women'sboxing,madepeoplewonderhow

hewouldreactwhenoneofhisdaughtersdecidedtotake_4_thesport.

HispresenceatLaila'sfirstprofessionalfight,_5—,seemedtobroadcast

herfather,ssupport.OfcourseMuhammadAliwantedtowatchis

daughterfight.Theringannouncerintroducedhimasthe“thegreatesf5

andashesatdownattheringsidethecrowdchanted.

Twenty-one-year-oldLaila'sdebutfightwasahugesuccessandthere

wasasmuchpublicityforfight_6_herfather'sfightsonceattracted.

_7一,Laila'sopponentwasmuchweakerthanshewasandthefight

lastedjust31seconds.Sincethen,Lailahaswonmostofherfightsby

knockingoutheropponent.<4Sheknows_8_she'sdoing,allright,“said

onerefereeabouther."Sheknowsaboutmovingwell.Youcanseesome

ofherdad'smoves.”

LailaAliwouldrathernotcompareherself_9_herfather.Sheprefers

tomakeherown_10—.Herfathersupportsherdecisiontoenterthe

sportbuthehasnotsparedherthedetailsofwhatcanhappen.Laila

realizesthatherfatherwantshertounderstandthe_11_possible

scenariotosee_12_shestillwantstogoforwardwithit.Sheknows

she'sgoingtogethithardattimes,thatshemaygetabrokennoseora

swollenface,butatleastsheispreparedforit.

Laila'sdecisiontostartboxing_13_herfather'sstrugglewiththe

symptomsofParkinson'sdiseasehasofcoursesparkedamixtureof

debateand_14—.ButLailaisafeistyanddeterminedindividualanditis

thatasmuchasherfamouslastnamethathasmadeheramagnetfor

worldwidemediaattention.Ofcourse,the_15_ontheboxingsceneofa

womanwithherfamilyhistoryattractsevenmorequestionsabout

whetherwomen'sboxingissportorspectacle.

1.AwithBforCasDby

2.AofBonCforDat

3.AonBtoCwithDat

4.AafterBoverCalongDup

5.AthereforeBhoweverCaccordinglyDwhereas

6.AasBlikeCforDto

7.ALuckilyBSimilarlyCUndoubtedlyDUnfortunately

8.AthatBwhatChowDwhy

9.AasBlikeCtoDagainst

10.AfightBnameCsuccessDimage

11.AbetterBbestCworseDworst

12.AifBthatCwhatDhow

13.AinspiteBspiteCdespiteDdespiteof

14.AargumentBcriticismCquarrelDbickering

15.AarrivalBbirthCdepartureDattention

CABDB〔ADBCB〔DACBA

競技還是表演？

MuhammadAli極有可能是世界上最負盛名的體壇人物：全世界不分老少都熟知拳王Ali。

退役后，Ali被診斷患有帕金森綜合癥，這激起了社會上對拳擊運動危險性的爭論和詬病。

另外，由于Ali曾坦白反對女性拳擊運動，所以當他的一個女兒一Laila決定跨入拳壇時，

人們十分好奇Ali對此會作何回應。然而，在Laila首場職業爭霸賽上，Ali的露面似乎高調宣

布了他對女兒的支持。父親當然會想看自己女兒的比賽。介紹時，入場播報員稱Ali為“最

偉大的拳擊手”，當他在臺邊坐下時全場歡呼。

21歲的Laila在她的首場比賽中取得了巨大成功，如她父親當年一樣，被受媒體關注。可

惜對手實在太弱，僅31秒比賽就結束了。此后，在大多數比賽中，Laila都是一拳取勝。一

個裁判在談及Laila時說：“她完全知道她在做什么，她深諳步法，從她身上你能看到她父

親的影子。”

比之總被拿來與自己父親作比較，Laila更希望闖出自己。她的父親支持她踏入拳壇的決

定，可是沒有細致告訴她可能發生的一切。Laila明白她父親想讓她自己品味最苦的后果，

自己決定要不要在這條路上走下去。她也明白她將時不時受到重擊，甚至可能斷了鼻子腫了

臉，但是至少，她做好了準備。

盡管父親深受帕金森綜合癥的困擾，Laila仍決定走上拳壇道路，這一舉動引起的爭論和

詬病不斷。但Laila生性好強、意志堅決，這樣的性格連同她那響當當的姓氏，使她頗受世

界媒體的關注。當然，在她承載著Ali家族的歷史出現在女性拳擊賽臺上的時候，更多的人

對此表示疑問：這究竟是一場競技比賽，還是一場做秀表演？

OntheNetFriendsComeandGo,Talkingof...（B級）

Theyoungwomanwasvisibly1andclearlywantedtoget

somethingoffherchest.

"What'sup?"I2—.

"I'vejustbeendefriended,"shesaid.

Now"defriended"isaword_3Iamnotfamiliar.Ihave

beenbefriended4andbefriended-manypeoplesincearrivingin

Beijing.Butdefriended?

Itturns5thisisanewwordcreatedbytheIntemet-savvy

youngergenerationspecificallyinrelationtotheworldwidesocial

networkingphenomenon,Facebook.

Thosewhojoincaninvitefriendstobecomemembersofthesite,

6.Theycanthensharephotographs,"chat",swapmessagesand

observationsandperformahostofothermutuallyaccessibleapplications.

I'veseensomepeople'ssites_7.—hundredsoffriends,all

momentsawaydownafiberopticCable,providingtheyareloggedonto

theircomputersorhookeduptoahigh-speccellphone.

Itcreatesthepossibilityof"befriending"anyoneintheworldwho

hasonlineaccess.Currently,Facebookhas150millionusers.Thatmeans

there'salotof"friends"outthere.

The8isthatyoucanbe"defriended"-youcanbedenied

accesstotheFacebooksitesomeonewhohadpreviouslyinvitedtobehis

orherfriend.Andyoucandoitwithoutthepotentialforinstant

recrimination.

Whereonce,intheschoolplayground,onechildmighthave

petulantlyshouted9another,"I'mnotgoingtobeyourfriend

anymore",nowthesamehurtandlossoffacecanbeperformedremotely

withtheclickofabutton.

A10aspectof"defriending"isthat,unlikewithother

applicationssuchasthe"whatareyouthinkingabout?"postingadigital

depositoryoftheoftendire,11,dullanddesperate,nomessageis

sentoutalertingyouoryourcontactsaboutthechangeinstatus.You

onlyfindoutyouhave12whenyoutrytovisita"friend's"site,

andyoufindyoucannolongergetin.thedelayofthediscoveryisalltoo

oftendoublyhurtful.

Justasbombsaredispatchedimpersonally_13anunseen

enemyinmodemwarfare,14relationshipsareblownoutofthe

windowwiththesamecallousdisregard,withouttheriskofany

face-to-facecomeback.Onesecondyouarethere,15youare

deleted.

練習：

1.A)satisfiedB)friendlyC)moveD)upset

2.A)complainedB)explainedC)inquireD)

argued

3.A)withwhichB)inwhichC)whichD)that,

4Ax

z)

AonB)byC)withD)in

)v

AzaboutB)outC)arouD)in

Gtoo

B)eitherC)yetD)neither

7.A)exaggeratingB)overstatingC)boastingD)showing

off

8.A)benefitB)advantageC)downsideD)merit

9.A)atB)inC)onD)farward

10.A)neutralB)controversialC)astonishingD)

remarkable

11.A)excitingB)drearyC)cheerfulD)bright

12.A)beendumpedB)dumpedC)beingdumpedD)dumping

13.A)forwardB)forC)intoD)against

14.A)andB)sinceC)soD)but

15.A)thenextB)thelastC)thefirstD)anext

DCABBACCABBADCA

關于網絡交友和分手

這位年輕的女子明顯地不安，想要抒發胸中的悶氣。

“怎么了”?我問她。

“我剛剛被朋友拋棄了她說。

如今，對于我來說，被朋友拋棄不是一個熟悉的詞，自從我來到北京以后，我已經成為

許多人的朋友，也被許多朋友所拋棄。

結果顯示,這是一個新詞，是由互聯網精明的年輕。一代創建的Facebook發明的，它尤其與

全球社會網絡的現象有關。

那些已經加入成為該網站成員的也可以邀請朋友加入。然后，他們可以共享照片,“聊天”,

交換信息和意見，并執行其他應用程序相互訪問的主機。

我見過一些人的網站吹噓，數百個朋友，假如他們登錄到自己的電腦或掛接到一個高規

格的手機，就即刻離開了光纜。

它為世界上在線訪問的任何人創造了“成為朋友”的可能性。目前Facebook有150萬用戶，

這意味著有很多“朋友”產生于這里。

這樣做的缺點是，你可能被朋友拋棄。你可能被以前曾邀你成為他或她的朋友的人拒絕訪

問，你可以這樣做而不立即被指責。

也許有一次，在學校操場，一個孩子暴躁地向另一個人喊叫，“我再也不想成為你的朋

友賈”，現在通過遠程控制，點擊按鈕同樣的可以造成傷害，使一張臉消失了。

對于被朋友拋棄一個有爭議的的方面是，不像其他的申請，諸如“你在想什么呢?”往往

可怕，陰郁，沉悶和絕望的數字存儲），任何信息都不會被發送來改變你和你的聯系人的關系。

你只知道當你嘗試訪問1朋友’的網站，你會發現你不能再進去了，這一發現的拖延往往是雙重

傷害。

正如在現代戰爭中炸彈被無情地發射到一個看不見的敵人,這種關系也被無情地拋出窗

外，沒有任何面對面卷土重來的危險。只要你在那里一秒鐘，你將被刪除。

綜合類…A級

LifeExpectancyintheLastHundredYears

Ahundredyearsago,lifeexpectancyindevelopedcountrieswasabout47;inearly21stcentury,

menintheUnitedStatesandtheUnitedKingdomcanexpecttolivetoabout74,womentoabout

80andthese_1_arerisingallthetime.Whathasbrought_2_thesechanges?Whenwelookat

thelife_3_ofpeople100yearsago,weneedtolookatthegreatest_4_ofthetime.Intheearly

20Ihcentury,thereweretheacuteandoften_5_infectiousdiseasessuchassmallpox.Many

childrendiedveryyoungfromthesediseasesandothers,andtheweakandelderlywerealwaysat

risk.

Inthe_6_worldthesediseasesarefar_7_today,andinsomecaseshavealmostdisappeared.

Anumberof_8_haveledtothis:improvementsinsanitationandhygiene,thediscoveryanduse

ofantibiotics,which_9_bacterialdiseasesmuchlessdangerous,andvaccinations

_10_commondiseases._11_,people'sgeneralhealthhasimprovedwithimprovementsinour

generalenvironment:cleanerair,bettermeansofpreservingfood,betterandwarmerhousing,and

betterunderstandingofnutrition.

Genetically,weshouldallbeabletolivetoabout85but_12_peopledolivelongertoday,

therearestillsomebigkillersaroundthatarepreventingusfromconsistentlyreachingthatage.

Theproblemsthataffectpeopletodayarethemorechronicillnesses,suchasheartdiseaseand

strokes,andthose_13_byviruses,suchasinfluenzaandAIDS.Ofcourse,cancerisahugekiller

aswell.Inmostcasesthesediseasesaffect_14_people,butthereareworryingtrendsinthe

developedworldwithproblemssuchasobesity_15_moreheartdiseaseandillnessessuchas

diabetesatyoungerages.

Thekillerstodaycanbeclassedas“lifestylediseases”,whichmeansthatitmaybepossibleto

halttheirprogress.

1.AagesByearsClivesDcountries

2.AinBaboutCtoDwith

3.AlengthBtimeCdurationDspan

4.ApeopleBkillersCinventionDnation

5.AmoreBlessChighDhighly

6.AdevelopedBlessdevelopedCundevelopedDdeveloping

7.AmoredeadlyBdeadlyClessdeadlyDfatal

8.AimprovementsBfactorsCjobsDmeasures

9.AmakesBcausesCmakeDcause

10.AagainstBforCtoDfrom

11.AAndBThereforeCInadditionDNevertheless

12.AwhenByetChoweverDwhile

13.AspreadBaffectedCproducedDcreated

14.ApoorBweakColderDyoung

15.AandBleadingtoCfromDwith

上世紀人類平均壽命的變化

一百年以前，發達國家的人均壽命大約是47歲；到21世紀初，美英兩國的男性平均壽命

約為74歲，女性則約為80歲，人們的平均壽命一直在延長。是什么造成了這樣的變化呢？

在研究一百年前的人們壽命的時候，我們有必要注意當時一些不治之癥。早在20世紀初，

這些不治之癥經常是像天花之類的急性的高傳染病。許多兒童因此夭折（也有其他原因），

年邁題弱的人也總是面臨著它們的威脅。

如今，這些疾病在發達國家已遠不能致命，有一些都能被治愈。這一變化歸于許多因素，

比如：環境及個人衛生的改善，抗生素的發現及使用，（抗生素大大降低了細菌病的危險）

以及常見疾病預防疫苗的接種。除此之外，更潔凈的空氣、更好的食物保鮮方法、更舒適溫

暖的屋子還有對營養的進一步認識，這些總的環境的改善也促進了人們的整體健康。

從基因角度看，人都都能活到85歲，但盡管現在人們壽命確實比以前長了，仍然有一些

疾病使得我們不能都活到那個歲數。現在困擾人們的是像心臟病和中風那種更為慢性的疾

病，還有像流行性感冒和AIDS那些通過病毒傳染的疾病。當然，癌癥也是一大殺手。上述

疾病大多影響著老年人，但是令人擔憂的問題在發達國家日趨明顯，如：肥胖，產生更多心

臟病和糖尿病等其他疾病患者群漸呈年輕化。

人們如今把這些疾病歸為“生活方式疾病”，這意味著人們生活方式的改善有可能阻止它

們的進一步發展。

RacialPrejudice

Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehasbeentakenfor

grantedasameansofsolvingdifferences;andthisisnotevenquestioned.Thereare

countries]thewhitemanimposeshisrulebybruteforce;therearecountries

wheretheblackmanprotestsby2firetocitiesandbylootingandpillaging.

Importantpeopleonbothsides,whowouldinotherrespectsappeartobe3

men,getupandcalmlyargue4violence一asifitwerealegitimatesolution,

likeanyother.Whatisreallyfrightening,whatreallyfillsyou§despair,isthe

realizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch,wehavemadenoactualprogress

6.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paint,butourinstinctsremain

basicallyunchanged.Thewholeofthe]historyofthehumanrace,that

tediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnot

learntthatviolencenever8aproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheer

horror,thebloodshedandthesuffering9nothing.Nosolutionevercomesto

lightthemorningafterwhenwedismallycontemplatethesmokingruinsandwonder

10hitus.

Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutions11arefindingit

harderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecuted

bytheirown12becausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthings

13lawenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoviolentactswere14.if

oureffortsweredirectedatcleaninguptheslumsandghettos,atimproving

living-standardsandprovidingeducationandemployment15all,wewouldhave

gonealongwaytoarrivingatasolution.

練習：

1.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.who

2.A.givingB.catchingC.settingD.

letting

3.A.reasonableB.reasonablyC.reasonlessD.

reason

4.A.forthesakeofB.forfearofC.incaseofD.

infavorof

5.A.ofB.withC.byD.up

6.A.atallB.afterallC.atlastD.in

theend

7.A.recordB.recordingC.recordedD.

records

8.A.keepsB.dealsC.answersD.

solves

9.A.meantB.meanC.ismeaningD.are

meaning

10.A.whatB.thatC./D.

which

11.A.layB.laysC.lieD.

lies

12.A.kindB.wayC.rightD.rule

13.A.likeB.soC.thatD.

as

14.A.puttousegoodB.puttogooduseC.putgoodtouse

D.goodputtouse

15.?LbyB.atC.forD.With

ACADBACDBACADBC

1.種族偏見

在一些種族偏見尖銳的國家，暴力已經開始理所當然地成為一種解決分歧的手段；而且

這也是毫無疑問的了。在有些國家，白人用殘忍的手段進行統治；有些國家，黑人則在城市

中以放火、搶劫和掠奪來抗議。而雙方的重要人物，雖然在其他方面顯得很理智，也按捺不

住起身為支持暴力活動辯護——似乎，像別的情況一樣，這是一種合法的解決方法。真正使

人感到可怕的，真正使你感到絕望的是認識到往往在關犍時刻我們實際上根本沒有取得任何

進步。雖然我們穿起了襯衣，打上了領帶，不一周往臉上和身上涂上戰前的顏料，但我們的

本能基本上仍然沒有改變。在有記載的全部人類歷史中，那漫長的暴力記錄，并沒有讓我們

吸取任何教訓。我們始終沒有認識到暴力從來就沒有解決過任何問題，卻只會使問題更加尖

銳。恐怖、流血和痛苦沒有任何意義。在我們憂郁地注視著冒著煙的廢墟，考慮著什么使我

們變成這樣時，我們并不能找到什么解決問題的方法。

真正有理智的人知道解決問題的方法在哪兒,他們發現要讓別人聽從他們的意見越來越

難。他們受自己人的蔑視得不到他們的信任，甚至自己人還迫害他們，只是因為他們竭力主

張使用像執法這樣的暴力方式來解決問題。如果我們把在使用暴力活動的一半精力用在有益

的事情上，如果我們努力清除貧民區，使所有人提高生活水平，為所有人提供教育和就業機

會，那么我們很快就會找到解決問題的方法。

Sexchangesurgeryguidelinesdrafted

Chinaissetto]itsfirstclinicalguidelineonsex-changesurgery,accordingtoa

noticeputonthewebsiteoftheMinistryofHealthyesterday.

Theministryisnowsolicitingpublicandprofessionalopinionsonthedraftguideline.The

comingguidelineaimstoregulateandstandardizesexreassignmentsurgery,partofatreatment

forgenderidentitydisorderintranssexuals.

Experts2nearly2,000Chinesehaveundergonesex-changesurgerywhile100,000

to400,000arestillconsideringit.However,noofficialnumberisavailable.Inthedraft,theMOH

sets3Criteriafbrbothsurgicalcandidatesandmedicalinstitutions.

Candidatesforthesurgerymustbeolderthan20andsingle,thedraftguidelinesaid.Theyare

alsorequiredtoproveapersistentdesireforasexchange,toliveforatleastfiveconsecutive

yearsfull-timeinthenewgenderrole,andtoengage4mentaltherapyforatleastone

year.

Beforesurgerycantakeplace,acandidatemustreceivearecommendationfortheoperation

froma_5—afteranappropriateseriesoftherapysessions.

Also,severallegalrequirements6bemetbeforetheprocedure.Thecandidatemust

provideprooffrompolicethatheorshehasdoesnothaveanycriminaloffensesinthepast.

Policemustalsoagreetochangethesexstatusontheidentitycardofthe7receiver

beforetheoperationcantake8

Theadventofsuchaguideline9toshowthatthegovernmentisconcerned10

theneedsofarelativelysmall11ofpeoplewhowanttochangesex.

Butdoctorsalsowarnthatallstakeholders,includingthehospitalandprospectivereceivers,

shouldbehighlycautiousaboutthissurgery.

Theoperationismorethanamedicalproceduredue12itshugesocialandlegal

consequences.Doctorsshouldmakeitcleartothose_13—sex-changesurgeriesthattheoption

alwaysremainstocontinuetoliveintheoriginalrole.Theguidelinerequiressurgeonstotell

patientsaboutotheroptions14hormonetherapy,Theyarealsorequiredtoexplainthe

risksinvolved,andunderlyingsocialbarriersincludingdiscrimination,andadministrative

recognitionandapproval.

Forthecandidates,thesurgeryitselfisnotthebigissue15thelongrun.Thereal

issueisthekindoflifeheorshewillhavetoleadafterward.

練習：

1.A)issueB)provideC)withdrawD)bringabout

2.A)boastB)estimateC)blameD)offer

3.A)maximumB)minimumC)lessD)few

4.A)inB)intoC)onD)onto

5.A)physicistB)chemistC)psychologistD)geologist

6.A)canB)mustC)mayD)cannot

7.A)respectiveB)prospectC)expectingD)prospective.

8.A)positionB)locationC)placeD)scene

9.A)believesB)isbelievedC)isbelievingD)believed

10.A)aboutB)withC)aroundD)of

11.A)numeralB)figureC)digitD)number

12.A)inB)withC)toD)into

13.A)seekB)seekingC)soughtD)havesought

14.A)asB)suchthatC)assuchD)suchas

15.A)inB)onC)underD)blow

ABBACBDCBADCBDA

2.變性手術的準則的起草

據衛生部網站昨天發布的通知，中國已經開始發行關于變性手術的臨床指南。

衛生部正在征集公眾意見草稿和專業的指導。即將到來的方針旨在規范變性手術，這是

一種為變性人進行的性別錯位癥的治療。

專家估計，近2,000名中國人已經歷了變性手術而10?40萬人仍在考慮之中。然而，并

無相關的官方報道。在草案中衛生部為進行手術的候選人和醫療機構制定了最低標準。

起草方針中規定手術候選人必須超過20歲，并且單身。他們還要求要對性變化有持久的

熱情，生活至少連續五年的新性別角色，并從事心理療法至少一年。

在手術開始之前和一系列有關治療的方案討論完之后，候選人必須要接受心理學家對手

術提出的建議。

同時，法律或法規中的條文也必須遵守。

手術候選人必須向警察提供證據，證明進行變性手術的他或她過去并無任何的犯罪行

為。

綜合類…C級

WhyPeopleUsePseudonyms

Youcan'tchoosethenameyouaregivenatbirth,butinmanycountriesyoucan

changeitlegallywhenyoureachadulthood..Ofcourse,mostpeopleneverchange

theirnames_1_theyfeelunhappyaboutthem.However,somepeopledo_2_this

courseofaction-particularlyartists!Whatmakesanartistwanttochangetheir

name?Sometimesit'sforpurely_3_reasons,suchastheNobelPrizewinningpoet

fromChile,NeftaliReyes.Hedidn'twanthisfatherto_4_hewaswritingpoetry,so

hechangedhisnametoPabloNerudawhenhewasayoungman._5_othertimes

thereasonmayappeareccentric;takethecaseofthePortuguesepoetFernando

Pessoa,_6_wroteunder75differentnames.Thereason?”WhenIuseadifferent

name,Ialwayswriteinadifferentway,“heexplained.Inmostcases,_7_,thereason

isforsocial,historical,orculturalreasons.Herearesomeofthemost_8_:

Theperson'srealnameisjust_9_longanddifficulttoremember.Let'sbehonest,

MadonnaLouiseCicconeisnotas_10_torememberasjustplain“Madonna”.And

shortnamesaremucheasiertoremember:WilliamBradleybecameBradPittand

EdsonArantesdoNascimentobecamePele.

Sometimesnamesarechangedformarketing_11—.Forexample,ifanamesounds

too“foreign”,itmaybechangedtosomethingthatismorerecognizableina_12_.

Sointhefilmworld,RamonEstevezadoptedthenameMartinSheen.Ormaybethe

artist'srealnamedoesn'tsoundveryattractive一ChadEverettdoes_13_alotbetter

thanRaymondCramton.

Artistssometimes_14_thenameofsomeonetheyadmire.RobertZimmerman

changedhisnametoBooDylanbecauseofhisadmirationfortheWelshpoet,Dylan

Thomas.

Anotherreasonmaybepracticality:inthepast,womenfounditverydifficulttoget

published.To_15_thissituationtheysometimesgavethemselvesmen'snames,so

theEnglishauthorMaryAnnEvansbecameGeorgeEliot,andshedidgetherbooks

published!

1.AasifBasCevenifD

even

2.AtakeBmakeCdoDhave

3.AprivateBindividualCownDpersonal

4.AunderstandBknowCrecognizeDobserve

5.AAtBOnCInDDuring

6.AwhomBwhichCwhoDthat

7.AbutBalthoughCthoughDhowever

8.ApopularBcommonCordinaryDaverage

9.AsoBtooCveryDmuch

10.AeasyBshortCsimpleDbrief

11.AaimsBendsCgoalsDpurposes

12.AmarketBfilmCcountryDbusiness

13.AlookBsoundCappearDseem

14.AchooseBgiveCchangeDget

15.AadmitBassureCavoidDaffect

CADBA〔CDBBA〔DABAC|

為什么人們用假名

我們沒法選擇出生時的名字，但是在很多國家人們可以在成年后改名。當然，絕大多數人

即使不喜歡自己的名字也不會改。然而，有的人卻付諸行動一尤其是藝術家！為什么藝術家

想改名呢？有時僅源于單純的私人原因。比如諾貝爾獎得主，智利詩人NeftaliReyes,因為

不想讓父親知道自己寫詩，就在年輕時改名為PabloNeruda。有時改名的理由也很奇怪，就

拿葡萄牙詩人FernandoPessoa來說吧，他的筆名多達75個。為什么？他解釋說：“每用一

個不同的名字，我就寫不同的詩。”然而，改名大多數是由于社會、歷史、政治或文化因素。

以下是一些最常見的情況：

也許是因為真名太長太難記。老實說，MadonnaLouiseCiccone的確不如Madonna來得好

記。簡短的名字記起來容易得多,比如WilliamBradley改名為BradPitt,EdsonArantes

doNasaimento改名為NascimentoPele。

有時改名是出于市場要求。比如，假使名字聽起來太“外國”，就可能被換成在市場更容

易認的名字。所以電影圈里的RamonEstevez重起一個名字MartinSheen。或者因為藝人的

真名聽上去沒什么吸引力一ChadEverett確實比RaymondCramton好聽多了。

有時藝術家改名時會選擇他們崇拜的人的名字。出于對威爾士詩人DylanThomas的崇敬,

RobertZimmerman把他的名字改成了BooDylan。

另一個原因可歸結為現實考慮。過去，女人出書很難。為了避免這一局面，他們有時起男

人的名字，英國作家MaryAnnaEvans把她的名字改為GeorgeEliot,最后果真出版了自己

的書！

WhereHaveAllOurVisitorsGone?

Sixtyyearsago,amannamedKennethArnoldsawsomethingthatpeoplearestill1

today-somethingthatchangedpopularcultureforever.

FlyinghisplaneovermountainsintheUSstateofWashington,hesawalineofstrange

objects,eithercrescent-shapedordisc-like,flying2themotionofasaucerskimmingon

water.

Themediasoonpickeduponthestory-theFlyingSaucerswerehere1!Wastheearth

being3bycreaturesfromanotherplanet?Soon,somanysightingsweremadethattheUS

militarybeganto4ItcalledthesestrangeobjectsUFO2s-UnidentifiedFlyingObjects,

andthatishowtheyare5today.

Militaryinvestigationsfoundnoevidenceofvisitorsfromouterspace.Butthatdidnotstop

thetrue6Themilitarywere7up,theysaid.Or8itwasbecausethetravelersfrom

spacewereofsuchsuperiorintelligencethattheycouldhidefromthemostsophisticated

militaryanalysts.

Peoplehavealwaysseenstrangelightsinthesky.Inthepastthesewereexplainedin

9ways.Inaworldwherereligionwaslessinfluentialandsciencefictionwaspopular,

signsfromgodwerereplacedbyvisitorsfromother10.

ThedateofthefirstUFOsigningswasalsosignificant.In1947,WorldWarIIhadjustended

andthe11warwasjustbeginning.Humanityseemedlockedinendlessconflicts.Like

generationsbeforethem,peoplelooked12theskiesforhelp.ButinsteadofseekingGod,

theylookedforhelpfromsuper-intelligentalienswith13technology.BeliefinUFOs

becamethefirstreligionofscience.

However,evenpeoplewhobelieveinUFOsarenotquitesurewhytheyvisittheearth.

Theuniverseisabigplaceanditis14toassumethatthereislifesomewhereoutthere.Itis

possiblethatalienshaveworkedouthowtotravelthroughspace.Yetsomepeoplereportthatthey

havebeentakenbyaliensandhavehadexperiments15onthem.Whywouldanyonetravel

acrosshalftheuniversetoconductmedicalexperimentsonpeoplelivinginsmalltownsinthe

UnitedStates?

練習:

1.A.lookingB.seeingC.seekingD.feeling

2.A.belowB.UnderneathC.withD.under

3.A.ruledB.bombardedC.capturedD.visited

4.A.investigateB.attackC.shootD.confront

5.A.namedB.calledC.KnownD.dubbed

6.A.believersB.thinkersC.followersD.liars

7.A.hidingB.coveringC.cheatingD.tricking

8.A.definitelyB.undoubtedlyC.necessarilyD.maybe

9.A.awkwardB.crude