present(now)futurepast

現(xiàn)在完成時(presentperfecttense)現(xiàn)在完成時一.構(gòu)成:have/has+done(過去分詞)過去分詞(pp)其變化方法和動詞過去式根本相同。有局部不同，需要記好。HehaslivedinShenzhenfor4years.Hehasn’tlivedinShenzhenfor4years.HashelivedinShenzhenfor4years?Yes,hehas./No,hehasn’t.Iboughtanapple.pastnowfutureIhaveanapple.Ihaveboughtanapple.表示過去發(fā)生或完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成影響或結(jié)果。oneminuteago1.表示過去發(fā)生的動作,并對現(xiàn)在有影響。Someonehasbrokenthewindow.(窗戶現(xiàn)在是壞的)Ihavealreadylostthekey.(我現(xiàn)在沒有鑰匙)Ihaven’treadthatbookyet.(不了解書的內(nèi)容)Ihavejustcleanedmyhands.(手是干凈的)常與already(已經(jīng)),yet(已經(jīng)),just(剛剛),ever(曾經(jīng))等詞連用.already:常用于肯定句中.yet:常用于否認句,疑問句尾.Ilivedhere.pastnowfutureIstilllivehere.Ihavelivedherefortwoyears.表示過去開始的動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，甚至還可能繼續(xù)下去。Inevermove.twoyearsago2.現(xiàn)在完成時表示從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。ShehaslearnedEnglishfor5years.HehaslivedinBeijingsince

hewasborn.Haveyoustayedheresince

3o’clock?常與for,since引導的時間短語或從句連用.for+時間段since+時間點,since+句子常用于現(xiàn)在完成時的時間副詞、介詞:already(已經(jīng)):用于肯定句Ihavealreadypostedtheletter.yet(已經(jīng)):用于否認句,疑問句Hehasn’tdonehishomeworkyet.just(剛剛)Theyhavejustleft.ever(曾經(jīng))HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?never(從不)Ihaveneverseenhim.before(以前)Haveyouseenthefilmbefore?since(自從…以來)I’veworkedintheschoolsince1999.for(長達)He’slivedinShenzhenfor6years.inthepastseveraldays/weeks/years(在過去的…)recently(最近)Ihavenotwrittentomyparentsrecently.sofar(到目前為止)Sofarshehaslearned5Englishsongs.uptonow(到目前為止)按要求改變句子。1.Shehasdoneherhomework.(改否認句)2.Shehasalreadytoldusthenews.(改否認句)3.Therainhasalreadystopped.(改一般疑問句)4.Ihavewaitedherefortwohours.(劃線提問)Shehasn’tdoneherhomework.Shehasn’ttoldusthenewsyet.Hastherainstoppedyet?Howlonghaveyouwaitedhere?5.HehaslivedinShangHaisinceheleftBeijing.(劃線提問)6.Theyhaveboughtanewcar,______________?(反義疑問句)7.ShehaslearnedFrenchsince2002.(同意句)ShehaslearnedFrench______2years.ShehaslearnedFrench_______2years________.WherehashelivedsinceheleftBeijing?haven’ttheyforsinceagosince:(自…以來)1)since+時間點He

has

stayed

here

since

5

o’clock.2)since+時間段+agoHe

has

stayed

here

since

5

hours

ago.3)since+從句She

has

taught

English

since

he

came

here.for:(長達〕for+時間段Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.since,for的用法:

Takenotes

用for或since填空Mr.BrownhashadhisTV________15years.I’vetakendrivinglessons_________lastmonth.Mysisterhashadhercellphone________amonth.Myfriendshaven’tvisitedme___________mybirthday.Wehaven’tusedourcar________alongtime.Shehasn’thadagoodcupofcoffee_________years.Tomhaswornglasses_________hewas7yearsold.forsinceforsinceforforsince他的爺爺已經(jīng)去世2年了。

Nick參軍3年了.

他離開深圳好長時間了。這本書我已借了4個月了.Hisgrandpahasdiedfor2years.Nickhasjoined

thearmyfor3years.HehasleftShenzhenforalongtime.Ihaveborrowedthebookfor4months.XXXX實義動詞分為:1)瞬間動詞(die,join,leave,borrow等)2)延續(xù)動詞(wait,know,learn等)注意:瞬間動詞不能和時間段連用.實義動詞分為:1)瞬間動詞

2)延續(xù)動詞

瞬間動詞joinbegin/startborrowfinish/endarrive/comeleavediebuy注意:瞬間動詞不能和時間段連用.method1:

動作狀態(tài)diebeoverleaveborrow/buyarrivebeginend/finishjoinmarrykeep/hadbeawaybeherebeon(上演〕bemarriedbeinbedead他的爺爺已經(jīng)去世2年了。

Nick參軍3年了.

他離開深圳好長時間了。這本書我已借了4個月了.Hisgrandpahasbeendeadfor2years.Nickhasbeeninthearmyfor3years.HehasbeenawayfromShenzhenforalongtime.Ihavehad/keptthebookfor4months.method2:Itis+時間段since+一般過去時的句子.他的爺爺已經(jīng)去世2年了。

Nick參軍3年了.

他離開深圳好長時間了。這本書我已借了4個月了.Itis2yearssincehisgrandpadied.

Itis3yearssinceNickjoinedthearmy.ItisalongtimesinceheleftShenzhen.Itis4monthssinceIborrowedthebook.1.TheEnglishprofessorarrivedhereaboutaweekagoTheEnglishprofessor_________hereforaboutaweek.2.Herhusbandstartedtoworkonthefarmthreehoursago.Herhusband__________onthefarmforthreehours.3.TheFrenchmusiciancametoChinalastmonth,andheisstillhere.TheFrenchmusician______________Chinaforamonth.4.Hejoinedthearmyin1985.He______________thearmy____1985.改寫句子，使原句的意思不變，每空一詞。hasbeenhasworkedhasbeeninhasbeen

insince5.Thebusleftfiveminutesago.Thebus_____already_________forfiveminutes.6.ThegirlboughtanewschoolbaginSeptember.Thegirl_________theschoolbagsinceSeptember.7.Theshopclosedlastwinter.Theshop_________________sincelastwinter.8.Thefilmbegantenminutesago.Thefilm______________fortenminutes.9.Thedogdiedtwodaysago.Thedog__________________fortwodays.

10.Themeetingendedlastmonth.Themeeting_________________foramonth.hasbeenawayhas

hadhasbeenclosedhasbeenonhasbeendeadhasbeenoverLearningmoreaboutpresentperfecttense.1A:Whereisyourfather?Steve?B:Oh,hehasgonetoShanghaiforameeting.Thepersonisnothere.2A:Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays,Tom?B:IhavebeentoTibet.A:Oh,really?Wasitgreatfun?B:Yes,veryexciting.Thepersonhascomebackandheishere.IhaveneverbeentoLondonbefore.ShehasbeentoChinamanytimes.havebeentoswh.:曾經(jīng)去過某地，已經(jīng)回來．hasgonetoswh.:某人去了某地，還沒有回來．用have/hasbeento,have/hasgoneto填空：1.—Whereisyourbrother?—He____________theshop.He’llbebacksoon.2.—______youever_________toAmerica?—Yes,I___________NewYorktwice.3.—Hereyouareatlast!Where_____you_____?—I_____________London.4.—David_______________Australia.—I’msurehe’salreadyarrived.5.—IsBennyhere?—No,he__________theschoollibrary.Heleftfiveminutesago.hasgonetoHavebeentohavebeentohavebeenhavebeentohasgonetohasgoneto選擇been,gone填空.1.Jimisonholiday.Hehas________toItaly.2.Hello!Ihavejust________totheshops.Ihaveboughtl